January 1
Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Family Education
Formally implemented
This is a follow-up to the Education Law and the Compulsory Education Law.
and after the new version of the Law on the Protection of Minors
Another blockbuster regulation in the field of education
It is also the first time that china has adopted special legislation on family education
This is epitomized by the Family Education Promotion Act
Two key words
"Guidance" and "Empowerment"
guidelines
It is told to parents by legal means
How to be a good qualified parent
Guide parents
Educate children according to scientific methods and concepts
Empowerment
Refers to when parents encounter difficulties and problems
The corresponding help can be obtained from the public system
Learn the relevant knowledge
Then improve your educational ability
so
After the legislation
How should parents conduct family education scientifically?
What kind of support does the school and society provide to parents?
Let's take a look at the interpretation of 5 experts
Keywords: scientific parenting
Enhance parenting ability To be a professional parent
ZHANG Hao
Professor of school of psychology of Sichuan Normal University, director of China Family Education Society
How to be a professional parent according to law and realize the common growth of parents and children? With the promulgation of the Family Education Promotion Law, what requirements have been put forward for parents?
The Family Education Promotion Act is "very detailed and in place". After careful study, Zhang Hao, a professor at the School of Psychology of Sichuan Normal University and a director of the China Family Education Society, commented on the law.
For example, article 16 of Chapter II, requires that "family education should be carried out according to the characteristics of the physical and mental development of minors of different ages", which was previously a requirement for teachers, but now the parents or other guardians of minors should also pay attention.
Article 16 also lists six aspects as guidelines, involving the feelings of family and country, the awareness of virtue and goodness, and the awareness of the rule of law, as well as the concept of becoming a talent, living habits, mental health, and labor concepts. In Zhang Hao's view, although these guidelines look familiar, they are very comprehensive, very in place, and very accurately cover the common problems in family education.
For example, "to help minors establish a correct concept of becoming a talent, guide them to cultivate a wide range of interests, healthy aesthetic pursuits and good learning habits, and enhance the spirit of scientific exploration, sense of innovation and ability", Zhang Hao believes that if this can be implemented, parents' "inner volume" anxiety, teenagers addicted to the Internet and other issues can be solved: guide children to cultivate as many hobbies as possible, from which to find their own love, parents can also better help children embark on the right path.
There is no doubt that the Family Education Promotion Act places higher demands on the educational capacity of parents. So, what channels can parents use to improve their educational ability?
In Zhang Hao's view, although family education is also a science, it is different from the professional in the sense of work, as long as you study hard, every parent can become an "expert" in family education.
Parents can actively use the resources around them to learn relevant books on their own; they can also "learn from the scriptures" of the upper generation and critically absorb experience according to their own and children's situation; they can also join the salon to discuss with other parents how to get along with their children, so that everyone can talk about the same thing, where parents and children are right and where they are wrong.
In addition to improving parenting ability and becoming a role model for children, you can also subtly influence children through the construction of family style. This point is not elaborated in the Family Education Promotion Law, but it can be borrowed from relevant foreign regulations. For example, eating with children is a happy thing; parents can't attack each other in front of their children or ignore what the other person says. Building a family from these details of life helps children develop good habits, which is the easiest and most effective way to do it.
In addition, "Yan's Family Training", "Fu Lei's Family Book", "Zhu Zi Family Training" and so on are also good "learning materials". Zhang Hao said that parents should learn from the people around them and learn from abroad, and they must not forget the precious wealth left by the ancients.
In the face of the diversified family structure of modern society, the public can basically reach a consensus on how to do a good job in family education for divorced families and left-behind families, but they often hold different opinions on intergenerational education.
Zhang Hao is optimistic about intergenerational education. She believes that intergenerational education is actually the original appearance of education. In the Book of Rites, it is recorded that "there are Yu clans who raise the country to be old in Shangyu and old in Shangyu and old in Xiakou", and the original school in ancient times was raised by the elderly. In modern times, many young parents are busy at work, either asking their grandparents or a nanny to look after their children.
Some people criticize generational parenting, believing that the parenting concept of the ancestors is outdated and it is easy to spoil children, and Zhang Hao does not deny this. But she believes that anyone, even if a parent quits his job to take the child personally, cannot be perfectly raised and needs to grow up with the child. As long as the general principles are consistent and do not violate the law of children's physical and mental development, there are certain differences in the parenting concepts of parents and grandparents, which is conducive to the all-round development of children.
For example, the mother is stricter and can help the child adapt to social life; the grandmother is more petted and relaxed, which is conducive to the child's release of nature and maintain creativity. Zhang Hao said that the "big principle" is to refer to the "Family Education Promotion Law".
Keywords: parent responsibility
Clarify parental responsibilities to escort children's growth
Li ping
Director of the Scientific Research Office of the Family Education Guidance Center in Qingyang District, Chengdu
Parents are the first responsible person for family education, and the formal legislation on family education clarifies the main responsibility of parents' family education, and also establishes the legal basis for the state and society to intervene in family education in a timely manner, with the purpose of enhancing parents' awareness of scientific family education.
Nowadays, more and more parents attach importance to their children's education, but mostly take perceptual experience and social popular concepts as a creed, and the rationalization and scientific level of family education need to be improved urgently, and there are also some parents who have misunderstandings about family education. Li Ping, director of the scientific research office of the Family Education Guidance Center in Qingyang District, Chengdu, said that in recent years, some things that have touched the bottom line of society have occurred, many of which are closely related to family education, reflecting the problems of some parents who are born but not raised, raised but not taught, and improperly taught. The core content of the Family Education Promotion Law is to empower parents and let them know how to take on family responsibilities.
Some parents believe that family education has the characteristics of privateness and independence, why should the state intervene in family education through legislation? Li Ping believes that parents or other guardians seem to be the family's own business to educate children, but the growth and development of children are directly related to the stability of the entire social development and the cultivation of future talents in the country, so the law also uses the law to regulate family education under the premise of respecting the privateness and autonomy of family education and providing parents with more guidance and services.
In Li Ping's view, the rise of family education from traditional "family affairs" to important "state affairs" in the new era is one of the two highlights of the "Family Education Promotion Law", and the new model of Lide tree people has been iteratively upgraded through legislation. The second bright spot is the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, which liberates family education from the vassal status of school education and truly realizes the mutual cooperation between home and school.
The law clearly stipulates that parents are responsible for implementing family education, so what should be done about family education?
Li Ping said that first of all, parents should be aware of the importance of family education, follow the law of children's physical and mental development, and establish a correct educational concept; second, they should take the initiative to cooperate with and accept the guidance of society and schools; third, they should give children high-quality companionship, companionship can make parents and children have emotional links, so that children can trust their parents and have a sense of security; fourth, there must be exemplary examples, and parents should cooperate with each other to fulfill their responsibilities; fifth, we must reasonably arrange children's learning and living time and ensure children's right to rest.
The rejection of domestic violence is also a key point of the Family Education Promotion Act, which clearly stipulates that parents cannot inflict domestic violence on their children, including physical, verbal and cold violence.
Why do some parents always like to use the violent way of beating and cursing to educate their children? Li Ping believes that because in the eyes of many parents, this is the simplest, most direct and effective way to educate their children. However, in fact, the problem of the child is not really solved through violence, and many times, the child only temporarily submits to the parent based on the strong power and authority of the parent. Some parents would say, "I told him he wouldn't listen, so I just had to fight." In fact, parents should think about why they don't listen to their children, many times because we can't talk well.
Li Ping believes that many family education problems originate from ineffective parent-child communication. The purpose of communication between parents and children is not to make children obedient, but to guide children to think and choose themselves, so as to consciously make the right behavior and consider the consequences that their actions may lead to. Therefore, when communicating with children, you can't always say some subjective and speculative views, or imaginary and hypothetical conclusions, which will make children have negative emotions, and the longer the negative emotions accumulate, the greater the contradiction between parents and children. Parents should only say objective facts, or objective comments based on facts, so that children do not feel attacked and do not feel that parents are imposing opinions on themselves. When parents are accustomed to telling their children the truth without personal emotions, they can effectively help their children recognize and correct their wrong behavior.
Parents are the best examples for children, in fact, many of the children's problems reflect the problems of parents. Therefore, parents should continue to learn, enhance their understanding of family education, rationally look at the problems that arise in the growth of their children, and grow up with their children.
Keywords: legal liability
Use the law as a guide for family education
Yang Zhuyi
He is a member of the Civil and Commercial Committee of the Sichuan Lawyers Association and a full-time lawyer of Tahota Law Firm
The "Family Education Promotion Law" was introduced, and every parent must "bring a baby according to law". When familiar family affairs have the "blessing" of the law, many confusions also arise: family education is a private matter, how should the state manage it? Is the Family Education Promotion Act a duplicate of the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law against Domestic Violence? Is it illegal to scold a child? ......
Yang Zhuyi, a member of the Civil and Commercial Committee of the Sichuan Lawyers Association and a full-time lawyer at Tahota Law Firm, said that the guiding role of the Family Education Promotion Law is greater than that of specific interventions. Although the family is a private sphere, education is a public affair and a major event involving the development of the country and the future of the nation. In the form of legislation, parents are required to educate their children reasonably and legally, clarifying the responsibilities and obligations of parents. Yang Zhuyi believes that the Family Education Promotion Law guides the direction and delineates the bottom line for family education, leaving a lot of space for each family, and there is no problem of "extending the hand too long".
How is the Family Education Promotion Act implemented? Yang Zhuyi introduced that the Family Education Promotion Law, like the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on Anti-Domestic Violence, points to the protection of the rights and interests of minors. Several bills are a synergistic relationship that plays a role in different cases and at various stages of disputes.
For example, in one divorce case, the mother refused to visit the child because of the father's previous violent tendencies. When a father applies to the court for enforcement, the mother may ask the father to receive study and guidance from the Family Education Promotion Act and may visit the child only after passing the assessment. The "Family Education Promotion Law" is intended to "promote", and the role of guidance and protection is greater than that of punishment, so it is particularly important to study in advance.
In Yang Zhuyi's view, many juvenile crimes are related to their family education, and if they can seize this "root" to maintain it well, they can eliminate many problems.
So, how should parents improve their family education ability and enhance their awareness of "bringing a baby according to law"? Yang Zhuyi believes that the construction of a cooperative education mechanism between home and school and the improvement of the level of collaborative education is an important part of the "Family Education Promotion Law", and the subsequent tutoring work, such as lectures and parent-child activities, will certainly increase the frequency and intensity of rolling out in schools and communities, and parents can seize these opportunities to actively participate in learning.
As the closest person to their children, the first thing parents must enhance is the ability to perceive crises and identify signals. Take school bullying, bullying is not all in the form of physical bullying, but may also be verbal, mental, interpersonal, network information level, such as isolation, rumors and so on. Some behaviors may seem to parents and teachers to be naughty fights between children and will not rise to the height of bullying, but in fact, these methods are enough to cause serious harm to the minds of children of the same age.
Whether it is a child who is bullying others or a child who is bullied, he may not realize that his situation is problematic, but the child who is bullied will show emotions such as not wanting to go to school, fear, and depression, which need to be recognized by parents. Children who bully others may be "very well-behaved" in the eyes of parents, and when they receive feedback from the school, parents should correct their attitude and communicate with their children carefully. Yang Zhuyi suggested that schools should establish relevant systems in accordance with the Family Education Promotion Law, and when children with different behaviors are found, parents should be organized to receive educational guidance.
Among the many questions of parents, "what to do will be illegal" is the most concerned. Yang Zhuyi said that if it involves criminal punishment, then the Family Education Promotion Law only plays a supplementary education role; in ordinary civil cases, if the parents' behavior violates the Family Education Promotion Law, they will be forced to receive education.
For example, in the traditional concept of "filial piety under the stick", it is necessary to define whether it is illegal according to the intention and degree of punishment. The child throws something downstairs, and the parent slaps the palm of his hand a few times and tells the child that "hitting others is more painful than this, so you can't throw things around", which is a punishment for educational purposes. But if the parent beats the child to the ground, it is necessary to wonder whether there is an element of venting emotions.
As for the situation where parental factors indirectly lead to harm to children, such as neglecting emotional care, which leads to depression and suicide, Yang Zhuyi reminds parents that although this will not be judged "illegal" at present, it does not rule out the possibility of administrative punishment after the relevant rules are introduced.
Keywords: home-school co-education
Go in the opposite direction and be an "education fellow traveler"
Zhao Gang
Vice Chairman of the Family Education Professional Committee of the Chinese Education Association, Dean of the Family Education Research Institute of Northeast Normal University
The implementation of the "Family Education Promotion Law" clarifies the main responsibility of parents from the legal theory, and also uses a large number of pages to stipulate the rights and responsibilities of schools and society: family education guidance services are included in the work plan as the content of teachers' business training; parent schools are established, and public welfare family education guidance services and practical activities are regularly organized; according to the needs of parents, organize relevant activities to promote the common education of families and schools Provide targeted family education guidance services for parents and guardians of minors who seriously violate school rules and discipline.
Zhao Gang, vice chairman of the Family Education Professional Committee of the China Education Association and dean of the Family Education Research Institute of Northeast Normal University, believes that from this law, it can be seen that the functions of the family will be on a par with the school, and it is necessary to improve the growth quality of family education and open up a new pattern of home-school collaborative education.
So, under the provisions and guarantees of the law, how can parents and schools better form a joint force for educating people? Zhao Gang said that schools should clarify the boundaries of their duties, but also clarify the rights and obligations of parents, and all types of schools at all levels must develop an effective model of parent education. For example, through interviews and discussions, family visits, menu guidance, activity training, lecture reports, salon forums, etc., we exchange experience in family education, solve parents' problems, and provide parents with good ways to learn and learn from. Schools can also use cultural performances, parent-child sports meetings and other activities to strengthen parents' awareness of home-school cooperation.
Schools should also set up relevant courses to guide family education, and absorb some social institutions to effectively serve the school. It's also important to make good use of parental resources. For example, the establishment of parent volunteer organizations, parent volunteer teams, parent classes, etc., so that parents can participate more actively and actively in school activities.
Home-school cooperation allows both teachers and parents to grow. Zhao Gang said that now many parents have high academic qualifications, enough to serve as teachers, organizers and even evaluators, schools should put the perspective on the study of parents, classify parents, focus on, care about the process, and use good evaluation to motivate, starting from commending excellent parents, motivating them to consciously solidify good behavior and become fellow travelers in school education. Of course, the school does not need to blindly obey and please the parents, for some misbehaving parents, may wish to first admonish the conversation, if repeatedly teach, you can also seek the intervention of law enforcement departments.
At the parent level, Zhao Gang believes that the responsibility of family education cannot be replaced by school education, and the combination of family education and school education cannot constitute an effective quality of education. Family education and school education should complement each other's strengths and form a cooperative and complementary relationship.
The Family Education Promotion Act states that every family is legally responsible for its children. This makes it clear that parents have both rights and obligations under the law. Many times, the root cause of children's problems lies in the family, parents do not have a scientific way of parenting, coddling, arranging, and conniving have caused various problems for children. Therefore, parents should improve their quality and learn the way to govern the family.
You can start from understanding the growth rules of children, learn to observe more, study children's behavior more, nag less, listen more, and establish a good parent-child relationship. The starting point of education is from the parent-child relationship, the relationship is harmonious, the child and the parents have nothing to say, and many problems may be solved.
As adolescents grow up, the family functions far more than the school. The school focuses on the study of cultural knowledge, the improvement of academic qualifications, and the cultivation of collective normative awareness and cooperation ability. The child's early education, specialty training, professional quality, physical and mental health, learning to be a person, adapting to society, habit formation, life education, etc., should all be undertaken by family education.
Some parents may be busy with their livelihoods or feel that their cultural level is not high, and they do not know how to cooperate with the school to do a good job. In this regard, Zhao Gang said that education is an influence, and the performance of parents in any aspect of family life, even the action of sandwiching vegetables, is affecting children. Life is education, parents are hardworking, kind, optimistic, good at handling interpersonal relationships, etc., is the best impact on children. This kind of life-oriented education method can change the child's attitude towards things and cultivate the child's enterprising spirit.
Keywords: psychological care
Guarding the Mind and Providing Healthy "Soil" for Children's Growth
Yi Jianglin
Leader of the psychology group of Chengdu Seventh Middle School Wanda School and a full-time psychology teacher
The Family Education Promotion Law mentions that parents should pay attention to their children's mental health and do a good job in mental health education. So, what is the focus on the child's mental health, and how to carry out mental health education? Yi Jianglin, head of the psychology group preparation team of Chengdu Seventh Middle School Wanda School and a full-time psychology teacher, shared her views on these two contents of the Family Education Promotion Law in combination with her work experience.
Yi Jianglin believes that the first step to do a good job in mental health education is to establish awareness: establish a system awareness and establish a sense of help.
The system here refers to the system of "home" composed of various family members. When the child's psychological problems, many parents will feel that what needs to be solved is only the child's problem, but in fact, the child grows up in the family, his problem is only a representation, and the root cause is most likely to lie in the system of its existence - the family and the parents. Some parents will feel that psychological problems are very troublesome and leave them to the teacher to deal with, but in fact, the key to solving the problem lies in the family, which requires all family members to participate in and adjust as a whole.
The sense of help refers to the fact that some parents have a sense of shame or "family ugliness cannot be publicized", even if they are aware of their children's psychological problems, they are not willing to seek help from professional channels and want to solve themselves within the family. Psychology has a strong professionalism, and it is the most effective way to seek help from a professional counselor or doctor in time after finding a problem.
Yi Jianglin believes that after the promulgation of the Family Education Promotion Law, schools and communities may establish more perfect relevant resources for parents to obtain information and services, and parents need to be braver and more honest accordingly.
After establishing awareness, the second step is to improve ability, which is the problem of "how to do". Yi Jianglin believes that it is still necessary to start from the parents themselves.
First of all, parents should pay attention to their mental health. Parental mental health is the foundation of family harmony, but some parents are not aware of their own situation. And this kind of "unconsciousness" of parents is also easy for children to lack the awareness of "de-perception" in the process of growing up.
Second, parents should pay attention to the family atmosphere. In the family, the relationship between husband and wife, intergenerational parenting, communication methods, etc. are all important factors affecting the family atmosphere. For example, the common "dad earns money, mom housekeeper" families, especially full-time moms, it is easy to focus almost all of their attention on their children, linking their children's performance to their sense of achievement. In this way, a "high-risk" combination is formed: a missing father and a "control freak" mother, such an extreme imbalance, it is easy to cause harm to the child. Parents who overly "dedicate" themselves may cause a huge psychological burden on their children, so that children have the idea that "I am responsible for the relationship and emotions of parents". Children are like seeds, have their own growth energy, parents pay attention to themselves, pay attention to the family atmosphere, basically can provide a healthy soil for the growth of children, the probability of children's psychological problems will be relatively small.
After paying attention to the above two points, how to pay attention to children.
Yi Jianglin gave 8 aspects that parents need to learn:
1. Developmental psychology, understanding the critical period of the development of children's various abilities;
2. Identify common psychological problems;
3. How to correctly understand and evaluate oneself;
4. The ability to cope with stress and regulate emotions;
5. Adaptation of environment and interpersonal relationships;
6. Career planning;
7. Healthy sexual concepts;
8. Network supervision and protection.
These 8 aspects require parents to study seriously and complete their own growth before they have the ability to play an exemplary role and help their children.
Among them, the identification of common psychological problems needs to be built on top of other aspects to be done. For example, many children are now addicted to online games, and some parents feel that confiscating their children's mobile phones is equivalent to solving the problem, but in fact this is not the case.
Yi Jianglin said that a child who can self-regulate stress, have good interpersonal relationships, and plan his life can live peacefully with the online world. Children who are addicted to the Internet often have their own aspects that they can't handle well in reality, so they escape and find sustenance in the virtual world. What parents should do is to find out the child's difficulties through observation and communication, help the child to solve it, and re-establish the connection with reality.
Text | Liang Tong Tong Zhou Rui
Edit: Xiang Ying | Review: Liu Lei