Education, I have a problem.
This is my new name in 2022, #Miki Porridge Video Number #Live Lianmai.
Every week, I invite a friend I recognize in the education circle, who may be a good principal, a top teacher, an education expert in a certain field, or a parent with unique insights, to answer an education question that they are best at.
Why a question? Because I think that the issue of education is complex, no one knows everything, but each field will have the most in-depth insights and the most feasible methods.
My task is to find the most knowledgeable people in each field, help everyone to understand the confusion, and master the accurate education methods.
In the last issue of "Education, I Have a Problem", we talked about the misunderstanding of mathematical enlightenment: The big class will do the calculation of rational numbers in the first grade, is it a real cow?
The person who answered the invitation was Yang Yucui, executive principal of the primary school of BEIJING HD School.
She is a famous special teacher of mathematics, a provincial teaching expert, the cover of the magazine "Contemporary Educator", and the former council member and grade director of Yizhuang Experimental Primary School of Beijing Eleventh School.
Advocate the mathematics of thinking, useful mathematics, and mathematics that solve practical problems. The innovative teaching concept and mathematics teaching mode of the whole curriculum of mathematics led by her are well received by parents and students.
In conversation, she answered ten key questions from parents about math initiation:
01, math learned in advance, is it really good?
02, some parents ask, can not chicken math in advance, then what can be done?
03, mathematical logic, can it really be cultivated?
04, what is the most lacking mathematical education in chinese classrooms?
05, how to judge whether a child has mathematical thinking? Is it suitable for Olympiad?
06, chicken baby Olympic number, 5-year-old children to play Sudoku is good?
07, to cultivate mathematical ability, in fact, what kind of ability is being cultivated?
08, advanced learning is not good, but not advanced learning is not good. How to alleviate parental anxiety?
09, how to cultivate children's mathematical thinking at home, how should it be done?
10, Is third grade a watershed moment in math? The foundation is not good and there is salvation.
The following is the details of this answer:
01 Mathematics to learn in advance, is it really good?
Some children are born with strong logical thinking ability, some have strong spatial thinking ability, and some are different from others, but after a certain amount of classroom training, everyone will be improved.
For example, when I am in the first grade, I will encounter a problem, I will tell the child, don't pick up the pen and start to do it with your head down, first think I want to solve this problem, what should I do first? What more?
If you want to understand it and do it later, over time, you will form the habit of thinking.
When answering questions, I told our teachers not to ask questions like ping-pong balls in class, not to let students fill in the blanks, to let students stand up, and to express their ideas very logically.
I think 2+3=5, then why?
A child can express the logic of 2 + 3 = 5 with his own ideas, not only to exercise the language, but also to solve the problem.
The cultivation of mathematical ability is in the details, and these things are very useful. Parents chicken baby, the most enthusiastic math to learn in advance. Is this really good? The last time I said a very blunt sentence to you, I said that parents have no ability, and they can't pick up their children if they can't pick up their own.
Too anxious, so I transfer this anxiety to the child. No matter what kind of country in the world, the child is not allowed to learn mathematics before the age of 6, why? This is all done through the research of these big data education experts psychological experts.
Before the child is 6 years old, mathematical logic, abstract thinking ability is not available at all, even if he is told to learn early, he only remembers the results, he simply can not understand the truth behind mathematics, but will make the child prematurely have fear and disgust for mathematics, which is troublesome, so it can not be learned early.
02 Some parents ask, can not advance chicken math, then what can I do?
You do something harder than teaching your child to do problems. Where is the harder part? Let him read more! A lot of reading, and then hands-on, making some things, playing with some Lego, plasticine.
Reading more, doing more hands, and exercising more is to do these more difficult things and cultivate children's concentration.
If you want to be good at mathematics, you must first have the ability to observe. Let me give you an example.
When my child was very young, I asked him to read the Toddler Pictorial, which seemed to be a bi-week issue.
There are differences in the "Toddler Pictorial", we adults look at it is very similar, and then the children focus on going in to find all kinds of differences. He is very orderly, does not miss, can find all the different things, can exercise his eyes.
In the words of us Shandong people, make your eyes very sharp.
Exercise observation and walk mazes. There are some games on the pictorial to walk the maze, the messy line, and then several balloons, you see where the line of the yellow earth is, where the line of the basketball is, and walking the maze is a particularly useful way to exercise the student's concentration.
The education of "Bacon" is difficult, much more difficult than doing problems.
When the child is young, parents are to choose to do these more difficult things, to cultivate the child's visual perception ability, listening intuition ability, kinetic perception ability, and can speak and express.
03Can mathematical logic be cultivated? How was it cultivated?
If parents don't understand the whole math curriculum I'm currently doing at HD School, they will think that the knowledge taught is particularly shallow, but if you really understand this curriculum, understand the concept behind it and how we implement it, you will think that his thinking is high.
Let's take a very simple example. In the first week of the first year of the first year, we designed a number origin course, the little savage farm.
The course begins with the origin of numbers. When we didn't count in the beginning, how people in ancient times counted, we would bring the child into a real scene —
Yes, now that you are a small savage in primitive society, you have encountered this problem, how can you know how many sheep you have released, and whether they have come back?
The children began to find ways to solve this problem.
I looked for stones and wrote them down: Go out a sheep, put a stone, go out again, I put another stone. When the sheep came back, I collected the stones one more, one by one, and finally I found that all the stones were finished, and the sheep came back.
But there are more and more sheep, and there are too many stones one by one? How do you solve this problem?
The children said, I can find a big stone to represent how much, doesn't this come?
The next step and then encountered a new problem, where there is no stone, what if you want to record? Symbols can be engraved on the branches.
What if I encounter different tribes that I want to communicate with, and I can't understand the symbols of others? Then the need for uniform symbols is introduced.
Step by step, the number symbol 0 to 9 was invented, which prescribed the technical rules of decimal.
This is the origin of numbers.
The children understood. At the time of the course, they also asked very classic questions, asking mathematicians why do they use the decimal system, so troublesome to embarrass us?
Is there a simple decimal, binary, and tridentar system in the world, and is there only a decimal? Decimal counts have 10 number signs, does binary have 2 number signs?
The questions raised by children are the essence of straight index science. If there is no such course, will the child ask these essential questions?
Does a child enter the real learning? There is a sign that he can ask questions, and it is the hardest to ask questions.
04What is the most lacking mathematical education in the Chinese classroom?
Hands-on ability.
According to the data I saw, the advantage of Chinese children is that their numeracy ability is relatively strong, which is the advantage of mathematics in our country.
What are we missing? What is missing is the child's interest in learning, the ability to solve problems flexibly, and the ability to ask questions.
So the mathematical enlightenment stage, can not let students enter this one problem state at once, if the child does not understand the reason behind it, he calculates how many problems are useless, you have to let him understand the reason behind it first, and then gradually master the algorithm and carry out the appropriate amount of exercises.
Our Chinese children's computing ability is strong, the imagination ability of space is relatively weak, where is weak or weak? We think that let students do some hands-on operation, maybe that kind of thing is too wasteful of time, the efficiency is too low, let's seize the time to do the problem.
The whole curriculum system provides children with a lot of hands-on links. For example, when students understand abdication subtraction, they will use teaching aids.
12-8 abdication subtraction, will prepare a small stick for some children, then my 12 is a row plus two, I want to remove the 8 from the inside How to do? At this time, I have to take this bundle apart, take 6 from one piece, take 2 more, or take 8 from a bundle to take 8, the remaining 2 plus 2 is 4, this kind of small stick operation can help students understand the computing power.
Spatial thinking ability, for primary school students, is the transformation from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, three-dimensional to two-dimensional back and forth.
To cultivate the ability of spatial thinking, our approach is to give students a two-dimensional picture, can you work together in groups to build this two-dimensional diagram with building blocks (square small wooden blocks) in three dimensions.
A math lesson to cultivate spatial thinking
In the time of two lessons, students can develop their ability to solve practical problems, cooperate, and build their spatial thinking ability.
Hands-on ability, children are not born with a lack, but because we do not give children such opportunities.
05How to judge whether a child has mathematical thinking? Suitable for Olympiad?
What the child is good at, he just likes it specially, you don't let him do it, he also likes to do it, watch the child's performance. We have a little friend, since he was a child, he especially liked mathematics, he often studied a problem for a day, after studying, he told me, especially fun.
According to Principal Yang's narrative, Miki Porridge summarized and added a little.
Children who can immerse themselves in mathematical research are definitely more suitable for the Olympic numbers. If in mathematics education, parents exert greater effort than children, it proves that children may not be suitable for this road.
Mathematics is not just a single dimension of computation, space, etc.
It is actually a discipline that cultivates problem-solving skills and logical thinking skills. From this point of view, understanding mathematics education and understanding the value of mathematics to people may not feel anxious simply because other people's children will solve the first rational number calculation at the age of five.
06 Chicken Baby Olympiad, 5-year-old children to play Sudoku is good?
Yes, but don't rush to teach your child to memorize formulas, let him think for himself.
Including some parents feel nervous not to let their children learn the Olympic Mathematics.
I once said that the Olympiad is a double-edged sword.
First, not all children are suitable for learning Olympiad.
Every child's good at it is different, and you have to tell him to learn what he is not good at, which can only be a harm to him. Some children may be he may be partial mathematical logic, he will be better at.
Second, we should not be too purposeful and utilitarian.
If we take these more open-ended problems like the Olympic numbers as a fun problem for students to explore and study, he will find it particularly interesting.
If you ask him to learn a set of formulas, and then I will do this type, and then I will do what I do in the next category, and I will lose the value of studying this kind of problem, it is purely a set of formulas to practice, it is not good.
07 I don't want to study ahead, but I can't take the exam well if I don't go ahead. What should I do if the parents are too anxious?
In an environment with fewer resources and more people, who can not be in a hurry? Who doesn't want their children to be better, right?
I fully understand this mood, when I was young, I was also anxious, but I was anxious to be anxious to that point, advanced learning, ahead of teaching children to calculate problems, children are a lot of memory components, this is one.
The most terrible thing is that the child loses the ability to think. Because he couldn't understand the reasoning behind it, he lost interest and curiosity about learning. Ahead of school, maybe in a short period of time he will feel faster than my classmates, but the more he learns the more he does not move, he is not interested, why? Because the more advanced the knowledge became, the more complicated he was, he could no longer learn mathematics, which was no good.
I'm in favor of having students read more. When I say read more books, I don't just read more literary story books, such as math books to teach him to read, and science books to read.
Reading more is fundamental to all learning.
If the child's reading comprehension ability is not good, it is difficult to learn any subject. Mathematics wants to learn well, first let the child put energy on a lot of reading, after reading the book, his independent learning ability is stronger, pay more attention to the ins and outs behind the knowledge.
Parents should focus on reading, rather than just relying on doing problems ahead of time.
08 How should I do to cultivate my child's mathematical thinking at home?
The first step, you first have to find some math picture books suitable for children, and then do a lot of reading, reading is the basis for learning all subjects, not only Chinese, English is the same, mathematics is also the same.
In the second step, after reading a lot, the child can repeat and explain the content of all the picture books he sees, cultivating his memory, thinking, and expression ability.
The third step is most important, whether to be able to ask your own question about the picture book.
Asking questions is a process of internalized thinking, and the whole process is actually a whole process of a child learning mathematics to establish logical thinking.
09 What abilities are you actually cultivating when you cultivate mathematical skills?
There are three things I value.
The first is interest. Whether the child is interested in learning or not, this is a very key, be sure to take care of his interest and curiosity.
Second, see if the child has strong concentration, no matter what he does, he must have concentration.
Third, it is necessary to think about problems, not simply to do problems, but to think about problems and solve problems. There are two sentences of an article that I read very much.
Don't go against your child's heart in pursuit of perfection; don't let your child lose your focus and love for one thing for the sake of all-round development.
10 Many parents feel that the third grade is a watershed in mathematics, and the child's sudden grades are not good, what is the reason for this? If the foundation is not laid well, can mathematics still be saved?
I disagree. I never thought that a kid who did well in math in first or second grade suddenly didn't do well in third grade. Why do you feel that your child is learning well in the first and second grades? The score of the first and second grade examination papers is not low, in fact, it does not mean that he understands mathematics.
Why? I'll take the other version of the textbook.
For example, the first grade is to learn the addition and subtraction within 100, and the addition and subtraction method within 20, because the question is limited, the child does not understand the reason behind it, and can get a high score just by memory.
In the first semester of the second grade, he learned multiplication, and if the child did not understand the truth, it added two numbers, and there was a high probability that it would not go wrong. Learning division in the next semester, even if you don't understand this problem, you will generally use large numbers to remove, from the result, it is also right, but he really understands the meaning of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division?
Not easy to say. But judging from the results, it may be correct, and the score may not be low.
But by the third grade, it was revealed. The third grade is addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are mixed together, and the two-step calculation problem is also out.
If you don't know the principle, you can't even read the problem, you can't figure out what to solve first and then solve what to solve, and you don't understand why you use addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to do it, then the loopholes in front of you are all exposed, and the natural mathematical score cannot go up.
You know, it is difficult for the first grade to understand the meaning of addition and subtraction.
But what cannot be understood at that age, some children understand it at the end of the first grade, and there is such a phenomenon. For example, the study of grades is put after the third grade. Because the meaning of the score is very difficult, very difficult to understand.
Some time ago, a teacher told me that I found something that was difficult for students in the third grade, and they understood it in the fourth grade. This requires a process.
Again, teaching in the math classroom is about spiraling upwards.
The preparation of primary school textbooks has been studied and considered by many experts, and what to learn first and then learn what to learn, there is a deep logic in it. Mathematics is the process of understanding a concept. The process of understanding concepts is usually slower. But it is very important to lay a good foundation, and when it comes to the fifth and sixth grades to cope with the beginning of the primary school, it is necessary to accelerate and do more practice.
On the basis of understanding the reasoning behind it, do the question appropriately. Can't help but understand the reasoning behind it, come up and give him a result, and ask him to brush the question. If you analyze the current high examination paper, you will find that if you simply brush the questions, it is not based on comprehension, or the reading comprehension ability is very weak, and it is difficult to get a high score in the college entrance examination.
Because some of the topics are very flexible, it does not mean that you will do it after practicing.
It's all questions you haven't seen, and in the face of these unseen questions, how do you think about the problems? How to read it? How to mobilize your comprehensive learning ability and knowledge to solve this problem? These are very important.
So, let's go back to square one. Be sure to understand the truth behind the knowledge first, and then do the appropriate topic, which should be like this.