The Guangfuhui was an anti-Qing revolutionary organization with Zhejiang people as the main body, one of the three major revolutionary groups leading the Xinhai Revolutionary Movement, and made outstanding contributions to overthrowing the feudal autocratic rule that had lasted for more than two thousand years in China and establishing a democratic republic, which has an extremely important position in the history of the Xinhai Revolution. Xu Xilin, Qiu Jin, and Tao Chengzhang were the three outstanding leaders of the GuangfuHui who without exception sacrificed their precious lives in the Xinhai Revolution, and were famous martyrs of China's old democratic revolution, whose names will forever remain in the annals of history.
Xu Xilin (1873-1907), a native of Shanyin County (now Shaoxing City), Zhejiang Province, was familiar with history books as a teenager and had strong patriotic feelings. In November of the 20th year of the Qing Dynasty (January 1905), Xu Xilin joined the Guangfu Association, an anti-Qing revolutionary group founded by Cai Yuanpei and others, in Shanghai. Because he was "far-sighted, enthusiastic about public welfare, and had been subordinate to others, like family brothers and sisters to his friends, and was expected by the public", he quickly replaced Cai Yuanpei, who was "shorter than strategy" and "impatient with personnel troubles", and became the de facto leader of the Guangfuhui. In the summer of the same year, Xu Xilin, Tao Chengzhang, Gong Baoquan, and others trained guangfuhui talents in Shaoxing Chuangli and Datong Xuetang, so that Shaoxing replaced Shanghai and Jiaxing as the activity centers of the Guangfuhui headquarters, and Datong Xuetang became the "base camp of the Zhejiang Revolution".
In the twenty-second year of Guangxu (1906), Xu Xifeng donated the status of an alternate Taoist in Anhui, and through the relationship between his cousin and former Inspector Yu Liansan of Hunan, he went to Anqing, Anhui Province, at the end of the year to serve as the church office of the Anhui Army Primary School, and soon won the trust of Anhui Inspector Enming. In the spring of the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), he was promoted to the director of the Anhui Patrol Police Department, the director of the Patrol Police Academy, and the Army Primary School, and he used the Patrol Police Academy as the main activity base to brew an armed uprising.
Before leaving Shaoxing for Anqing, Xu Xilin invited the female revolutionary Qiu Jin to Shaoxing to preside over the Datong Academy. They held secret talks at Baiyun'an on the south bank of Hangzhou's West Lake, planned and divided the work for future revolutionary actions, and decided that Qiu Jin would be in charge of the Datong Academy and the revolutionary movement in Zhejiang; Xu Xilin would be active in the Anhui official field and wait for the opportunity; and Chen Boping would serve as the transportation liaison between the two provinces of Anhui and Zhejiang. Through Chen Boping's intermediary contacts, Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin reached a plan for a simultaneous uprising in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. In early July, because the uprising plan was leaked in advance and the timing was urgent, Xu Xilin temporarily decided to revolt at the graduation ceremony of the Anhui Patrol Police Academy on the night of July 6 without having time to inform Qiu Jin.
At 8:00 a.m. on the same day, when Anhui Inspector Enming and other civil and military officials entered the ceremony venue and took their seats, Xu Xilin loudly reported: "Grand Marshal Hui, there is a revolutionary party uprising today!" En Ming was shocked and asked, "Where did Xu Huiban get this letter?" Before the words fell, Chen Boping threw a bomb at Enming, but unfortunately it was a dud, Enming stood up in panic and prepared to flee the venue, Xu Xilin hurriedly pulled out two pistols and shot at Enming continuously, Chen Boping and Ma Zonghan also shot at Enming at the same time, knocking him to the ground on the spot, the guards hurriedly picked up enming who was shot and escaped trial, and soon after returning to the patrol gate, Enming, who was shot 7 times, died.
While Xu Xifeng and others concentrated on firing at Enming, the officials present had fled. Xu Xilin immediately announced an uprising to the students, leading dozens of students to rush to the Anqing Ordnance Center, and at the same time informing the generals of the Anhui New Army who had already contacted them in advance to lead a team into the city and prepare to occupy the provincial capital of Anqing in one fell swoop. But because the city gates were closed, these plans failed. Xu Xilin and his rebellious students were soon surrounded by Qing legions, and the two sides engaged in fierce fighting, and by the afternoon, Chen Boping and 4 students were killed, and Xu Xilin, Ma Zonghan, and more than 40 students were captured.
On the evening of July 6, Feng Xu, the envoy of Anhui Province, presided over the interrogation, and Xu Xilin talked without fear. One person bears it, and never affects any comrade. When the interrogation officer told him that he would be tortured tomorrow, Xu Xilin laughed and replied: "Enming is dead, I am determined to pay." I am willing to pay, that is, to kill me as a million pieces, but also my wish, just heart and liver, why should I take care of it! ”
Finally, he wrote the following confession on paper and pen: "In order to make a full of things, I have been planning for more than ten years, and I have planned to avenge the Han people in many ways, so I killed the Manchu Enming, and later wanted to kill Duanfang, Tieliang, Liangbi and other Manchu thieves." For no other reason, the Manchus were destroyed for the purpose. The next morning, Xu Xilin calmly took up his righteousness and was cruelly heart-wrenchingly sacrificed to Enming by the government. On August 25, Ma Zonghan was also killed. Zhu Yunshan (a former student of the Patrol Police Academy), who participated in the Anqing Uprising and was arrested and beheaded after the failure of the uprising, wrote "Remembering Xu Bosun's Master by Passing the Hundred Flowers Pavilion" in 1911, shiyun: "Cang Hong went to two dry loads, and the blue blood stayed in heaven and earth for a long time." Gong Ji is martyred and righteous, and the killing should be stronger than the ancient sage. ”
Xu Xilin wrote in the poem "Out of the Plug" in his early years: "The military song should sing the big sword ring, and swear to destroy Hu Yuguan." Only to solve the sand field for the same death, why should Ma Ge wrap the body back: "This poem has become a true portrayal of Xu Xilin's short and brilliant life." Xu Xilin's feat of sacrificing his life for righteousness will forever remain in the annals of the Chinese nation.