Author: Li Dakui
It is said that Ms. Qiu Jin was the first person to propose "equality between men and women" and was known as a "national hero". The modern poet Chen Quyi commented on it in his masterpiece "The Biography of Qiu Jin, the Heroine of Jianhu": "Reading is full of righteousness, skillful in word orders, working on poetry and words, and writing very beautifully." And good swordsman legend, learn to ride horses, good at drinking, Mu Zhu jia Guo Xiezhi as a person, bright and beautiful, like Mulan, Qin Liangyu of Lunye. "
Mr. Song Qingling also spoke highly of Ms. Qiu Jin: "Qiu Jin's poems have the famous sentence 'Autumn Wind and Autumn Rain Sorrowful People', can cross horses and carry guns, have crossed the east to Japan, are determined to revolution, and have thousands of generations of heroes." "
It can be seen that Qiu Jin, a strange woman of the Republic of China who can write and fight, has made important contributions to the cause of modern revolution. So, what "chivalrous" acts did Qiu Jin have to win this honor?
First, Qiu Jin and his people
Born in 1875 in Yunxiao, Fujian Province, Qiu Jin, nicknamed Yugu, was originally from Shanyin (now Shaoxing), Zhejiang Province, originally from a family of officials and eunuchs, and had a worry-free life guarantee.
Grandpa Qiu Jiahe and father Qiu Shounan were both Manchu Qing officials, and his father was also an official in Chenzhou, Hunan, and his mother Shan was also a descendant of the Xiaoshan Wang clan in Zhejiang.
Therefore, Qiu Jin has received excellent family education since she was a child, and she has been good at literature and history since childhood, and loves poetry. At the age of 15, he learned to ride a horse with his cousin Shan Zongxun, learned boxing, and practiced stick fencing. Over time, Qiu Jin grew into a strange woman who could write and fight.
However, although Qiu Jin's family conditions are good, her parents are relatively enlightened. But at that time, it was still shrouded in a strong feudal ideology, and the father Qiu Shounan's mother Shan Shi could not break through the entrenched shackles. When Qiu Jin was a child, she still had to "put her feet on small feet", and when it came to talking about marriage, she had to follow her parents' arrangements.
Therefore, when Qiu Jin was 19 years old, she had to follow the arrangement of her father, who was then the governor of Xiangxiang County, to marry the son of a rich family in Hunan and open a "Yiyuan pawnshop" in Xiangtan.
In 1900, after Wang Tingjun paid for the official of the "head of the household department", he took Qiu Jin to the capital to increase his knowledge. In Beijing, Qiu Jin read a large number of progressive newspapers and periodicals, and her thinking was greatly emancipated.
Soon, however, the Boxer Rebellion broke out and the Eight-Power Alliance invaded China. In order to take refuge, Qiu Jin had to return to Heye Town in Shuangfeng County with her husband.
During this period, Qiu Jin had very close contacts with Tang Qunying and Ge Jianhao, who were ideologically progressive, and the three of them were brothers and sisters, and they often gathered, or drank and wrote poems, or played chess and talked about the piano, and had a happy and beautiful time. At that time, he was called "Xiaoxiang Three Female Jie".
Second, advocate women's rights
In July 1904, when qiu Jin was 29 years old, due to family changes, he decided to leave her husband's family and study in Japan at her own expense. He first entered the Tokyo Japanese Language Training Institute to study Japanese, and after graduation, he transferred to the Kiyokuni Women's Accelerated Normal Training Department.
During this period, he and Chen Shufen initiated the establishment of the Women's Movement Organization Common Love Association.
At the beginning of 1905, Qiu Jin returned to China to raise funds for continuing his studies. In the autumn of that year, he went to Japan for the second time and entered the Aoyama Practical Girls' School.
Since then, under the pseudonym of "Jian Hu Woman", he has advocated the idea of feminist feminism, and published a series of articles such as "The Benefits of Speeches," "Warning to 20,000 Female Compatriots in China," "Warning My Compatriots," "Encouraging Women's Rights," and "Warning to Sisters," publicizing "women are not prosperous and the race is not strong," "women's rights are not strong, and the country is bound to be weak," "Women must be learned, seek self-reliance, and do not do anything to men," and so on, in order to attack the ugliness of backward and antiquated feudal etiquette.
In particular, in the "Book of Tribute to Sisters", the old women's living conditions are vividly expressed:
"My twenty thousand female compatriots are still dark and sinking into the eighteenth floor of hell, and they don't want to climb up one floor. The feet are small, the heads are combed shiny; the flowers, the flowers, the flowers, the ties, the inlays, the wearing; the silk, the satin, the rolling, the plate, the dress; the pink is white, the fat is red and smeared. All my life I only know that I rely on men, I rely on men for what I wear and eat, my body is soft and obedient, my temper is sullen, my tears are often flowing, and my life is a studded one: a prisoner of the first life, a cow and horse of half a life. I would like to ask you sisters, have you ever suffered the happiness of freedom in your lifetime? "
In 1906, the 31-year-old Qiu Jin returned to China again, first taking substitute classes at the Shaoxing Girls' Academy, and soon after going to teach at the Xunxi Girls' School. In the summer, he left his job to establish a Chinese public school in Shanghai.
In January 1907, he also founded the "China Women's Daily", with the purpose of "opening up the atmosphere, advocating women's studies, linking feelings, forming groups, and creating the foundation of the Chinese Women's Association for other days", calling on the women's community to be "before waking up the lion" and "the precursor of civilization".
Third, throw yourself into the revolution
During Qiu Jin's short period of study in Dongdu Japan, she was baptized by the waves of revolutionary ideas surging with passion of Chinese students, and her desire to pursue democracy, freedom, and independence burst forth, thus plunging herself into the revolutionary cause of "the rise and fall of the world and the responsibility of everyone."
In addition to studying at the school, she often participated in the international student conference and the gatherings of zhejiang and Hunan hometowns, took the stage to give speeches on the principle of revolution and national salvation, and also had close contacts with Lu Xun, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Tao Chengzhang, and other people with lofty ideals, and actively participated in the revolutionary activities of students studying in Japan.
He formed a secret meeting with Liu Daoyi, Wang Shize and others, with the purpose of "rebelling against the Qing court and restoring the Central Plains", and using the monthly magazine "Vernacular" as a propaganda tool. He was advised by Dr. Sun Yat-sen: "Based on this specialty, use propaganda tools to report current events and solve practical matters, and the more direct and rapid the effect, the better." "
Later, he also participated in the Hongmen Heaven and Earth Society and was awarded the title of "White Paper Fan" (Military Division).
In early 1905, when he briefly returned to China, he met with the revolutionary Xu Xilin (later merged with Tao Chengzhang, the three of them were called "Xinhai Sanjie" in Shaoxing), and joined the GuangfuHui under Xu's introduction.
In July 1905, through the introduction of Feng Free of the Triad, he joined the League and was appointed as a commentator of the Deliberation Department and a member of the Zhejiang Main League. During this period, Qiu Jin wrote a large number of revolutionary poems (included in the Qiu Jin Collection) such as "If the situation is as dare to sacrifice one's life, it is willing to sacrifice one's life" and "Fight for 100,000 heads of blood, and we must save Qiankun".
After Qiu Jin returned to China again in 1906, when he was teaching and running schools in Zhejiang and Shanghai, he contacted revolutionaries and progressives with Yin Ruizhi and Chen Boping in the name of "Ruijin Society" and actively prepared for the uprising in Zhejiang.
Fourth, heroism is righteousness
Just as preparing for the uprising, due to the sudden death of her mother, Qiu Jin immediately returned to Shaoxing to mourn.
After taking care of her mother's funeral, Qiu Jin was invited to stay in Shaoxing Datong Academy to preside over school affairs. Using this as a cover, they still traveled back and forth between Hangzhou and Shanghai, and the two circles of movement and military science were preparing for an uprising.
After secretly compiling the Guangfu military system, he and Xu Xilin secretly planned to launch an uprising in Shaoxing and Anqing on July 19, 1907.
Unfortunately, due to the leak of information, Xu Xilin had to revolt in advance on July 6, but the decadent and dark rule of the late Qing Dynasty was "dead but not stiff", Xu Xilin's hasty uprising was brutally suppressed, and Qiu Jin's uprising on the Side of Shaoxing was also exposed.
Qiu Jin, who refused to leave Shaoxing, said that "the revolution must be shed in blood to succeed", and after dismissing the progressive students, he resolutely stayed in the Datong Academy and waited for Shanyin County to order Li Zhongyue to bring three hundred soldiers to arrest people.
On July 13, Qiu Jin was arrested, and on the 15th, he calmly took revenge at the Xuanting Pass of Shaoxing.
When he was arrested and tried, Qiu Jin did not confide any revolutionary information, leaving only the seven words "Autumn wind and autumn rain are sad and annoying."
Qiu Jin's talent and the awe-inspiring feat of righteousness before being tried on trial greatly touched the presiding judge Li Zhongyue, who was helplessly forced to release people in violation of the law. After leaving the desperate words of "the rest of the people are humble and light, ashamed and powerless, but the death is not my will, fortunately forgive me", only 104 days later, he hanged himself. After the founding of the Republic of China, the truth of the Qiu Jin case was revealed, and Li Zhongyue's martyrdom of Qiu Jin was also famous in history.
In fact, Qiu Jin, who was both a chivalrous woman and a martyr, was already ready to sacrifice herself. At the time of his death, he was only 32 years old.
No wonder she wanted to take the Qing Dynasty poet Tao Zongliang's "Autumn Rain and Autumn Wind Sorrowful" as her last words, so as to show that she was not afraid of the wind and frost sword in the cold and autumn, and was willing to sacrifice her life to warn the world for the victory of the "Xinhai Revolution"!
Zhuang Zhao, Ms. Qiu Jin.
【About the Author】Li Dakui, after seven O's, Bachelor of Laws, Guizhou Meitan people, literature lovers.