During the four-year War of Liberation, the Kuomintang army numbered about 4.2 million, but as many as 847,000 of them were uprising troops, accounting for one-third of the Kuomintang's total attrition. So, which unit of the uprising in history dealt the greatest blow to Chiang Kai-shek? How did this uprising influence the course of Chinese history? If you are interested in this topic, please help "press the 2-second like button" to give a strong thumbs up. And "pay attention" to it, often come later, and don't get lost.
(Our army accepts the rebel troops of the National Army)
Chiang Ching-kuo raised the "General of the Royal Forest" and became the target of our party's struggle
From a strategic point of view, the uprising of the Nationalist troops that had the greatest impact on the overall situation of the Liberation War was the uprising led by Fu Zuoyi in the Pingjin Campaign: At that time, Fu Zuoyi not only held an army of 250,000 troops, but at that time, Chiang Kai-shek also gave Fu Zuoyi the right to "North China Suppression General" and "Southeast Chief Executive" and other high-ranking officials, promising Fu Zuoyi the right to discipline the important affairs of North China. But
Fu Zuoyi finally surrendered to our army and achieved the successful liberation of Peiping, and the final Battle of Pingjin among the three major battles came to an end.
However, it is not Fu Zuoyi who was psychologically shocked by the surrender of the Nationalist army to Chiang Kai-shek, but the commander of the 97th Division of the 45th Army of the Nationalist Army: Wang Yanqing led his troops to surrender. Wang Yanqing enjoyed the rank of lieutenant general in the Nationalist army, and his rank, official position, and seniority were not as high as Fu Zuoyi's, so why did he become the general who surrendered the most to Chiang Kai-shek's psychology? This is because the troops under Wang Yanqing's jurisdiction have a special status:
Nanjing Guard Division. It can be said that the 97th Division of the 45th Army is the "Central Forbidden Army" and the "Royal Forest Army" of the Chiang Family Dynasty.
(Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Yanqing)
What is even more incredible is that the reason why Wang Yanqing was able to hold the important post of "General of the Imperial Forest Army" was because his protector was Chiang Kai-shek's eldest son: Chiang Ching-kuo. When recommending the "General of the Imperial Forest Army" to Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Ching-kuo praised Wang Yanqing more than once as a "capable" and "loyal and reliable man."
Why does Chiang Ching-kuo have such a high opinion of this Nationalist general?
？ ——It turns out that during the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wang Yanqing made great achievements in battle,
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Wang Yanqing was subordinate to the 16th Army, served as a staff officer of the lieutenant colonel of the headquarters, and participated in the defense of Nanjing together with Tang Shengzhi and others, so he was quite familiar with the defense of Nanjing.
After the end of the defense of Nanjing, Wang Yanqing continued to negotiate with the Japanese army in Yichang. Later, Wang Yanqing also went to Burma with the Kuomintang army general Luo Zhuoying, during which time he served as the chief of staff of the commander's department: at that time, the general of the Nationalist army who was able to join the expeditionary force into Burma.
They all represented the highest level of combat strength of the generals of the Nationalist army at that time, and Wang Yanqing was one of them.
But what is even more valuable is that although Wang Yanqing has made outstanding military achievements and is quite capable, he is very different from Qiu Qingquan and other Nationalist generals who fought together in Burma at that time.
Although he was talented, he was always not very proud of himself, and there were no vices such as gambling and alcoholism that were widely spread in the national army, which made Wang Yanqing a clear stream in the national army at that time.
But it is precisely because of this that Wang Yanqing was also repeatedly ignored and ostracized by his peers in the Nationalist army -- and this naturally attracted chiang ching-kuo's attention. After many examinations and understandings of Wang Yanqing,
In 1948, when the war situation was already in danger for the Kuomintang, Chiang Ching-kuo raised Wang Yanqing to Chiang Kai-shek.
It is said that before that, Chiang Ching-kuo also recommended to Chiang Kai-shek a number of people to serve as the commander of the Nanjing Guard Division, but Chiang Kai-shek expressed dissatisfaction, and it was not until Chiang Ching-kuo elected Wang Yanqing that Chiang Kai-shek nodded his head in approval.
(Wang Yanqing)
But what Chiang Kai-shek's father and son did not expect was that they were not the only ones who noticed Wang Yanqing's excellent qualities. When it was learned that Wang Yanqing was a clean and honest official and did not collude with the general nationalist army, our party also sent people to start ideological education work for Wang Yanqing and encourage him to surrender to our army in order to promote the early liberation of Nanjing.
The "predicted results" made the nationalist soldiers scattered, and when they were arrested, they led a crowd uprising
Although Wang Yanqing, after serving as the commander of the Nanjing Guard Division, received many messages from our party, hoping that Wang Yanqing would be able to "abandon the dark and cast light" at an early date, Wang Yanqing was also very hesitant about this at first: First, in his early years, he was in the company of the Kuomintang.
Although he was a clean and honest official, before the War of Resistance Against Japan, he also participated in the "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army in the Jiangxi Soviet Region
Will our Party spare his past historical mistakes? This was a question that Wang Yanqing was worried about at that time. Secondly, although Chiang Kai-shek's father and son handed over the defense of Nanjing to him, it did not mean that Chiang Kai-shek's father and son completely let down their guard.
If we lead an uprising and our Party does not respond in time, how can we be good if we fall into the hands of Chiang Kai-shek's father and son?
After all, at that time, there were also many lessons learned from the generals of the National Army who had failed in the uprising, which was clearly seen by Wang Yanqing.
After much deliberation, Wang Yanqing decided to test our party's sincerity in carrying out ideological work on him, and said that he, the commander of the Nanjing Guard Division, wanted to meet with our party figures.
And our party also unequivocally sent Lu Ping, an underground party member in Nanjing, to make contact with Wang Yanqing, and Wang Yanqing was also greatly moved by this: After all, the commander of the Nanjing Guard Division, if he wanted, he could take Lu Ping to ask Chiang Kai-shek's father and son for merit and reward at any time.
However, Wang Yanqing still has not let go of the historical burden of his previous deeds in his heart, and our party has also given sufficient patience to educate him. After many conversations with Lu Ping, Wang Yanqing finally realized the reactionary nature of Chiang Kai-shek's regime, and if he could successfully revolt, he would not only be able to get rid of his previous historical baggage, but also become a hero of the Chinese nation.
In January 1949, the Battle of Pingjin ended with Fu Zuoyi's surrender and the peaceful liberation of Peiping, and the 520,000 main forces of the Kuomintang in North China were wiped out, and the rule of the Chiang family dynasty in China was already crumbling. However, Chiang Kai-shek still stubbornly resisted, so Tang Enbo was appointed commander-in-chief of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou garrison, and Zhang Yaoming was appointed commander of the nanjing capital garrison, hoping to use the Yangtze River as a natural barrier to try to hinder our army from crossing the river to the south. Wang Yanqing, who was the commander of the Nanjing Garrison Division, was also controlled by Tang and Zhang. Just as Tang Enbo was preaching to the Nationalist troops stationed along the Yangtze River in Nanjing, "The Yangtze River is a natural graben, solid as a golden soup", Wang Yanqing said to the soldiers under his opponent on the other side:
"Now we have the Yangtze River to defend, but we are not sure of victory."
This made the soldiers stationed on the Yangtze River talk about this, and the military's heart was greatly shaken.
I don't know who missed Wang Yanqing's words,
Zhang Yaoming detained Wang Yanqing in the name of "seducing the hearts of the army."
As for the reasons for Wang Yanqing's detention, some historians believe that Wang Yanqing made such a remark on the occasion of the Great War; some scholars believe that although Wang Yanqing did say this, there were many generals of the Nationalist army who did not have confidence in the Battle of crossing the River at that time.
Wang Yanqing was arrested by Zhang Yaoming because the connection between Wang Yanqing and our party may have been exposed.
But fortunately, after Wang Yanqing was briefly detained by Zhang Yaoming, Zhang Yaoming finally released Wang Yanqing - after all, arresting senior generals because of his words would only make the soldiers feel more panicked. In addition, at that time, Zhang Yaoming did not have evidence in His hand that Wang Yanqing had contacted our party.
Wang Yanqing's post as commander of the Nanjing Garrison Division was also guaranteed by Chiang Ching-kuo, and Zhang Yaoming also knew that he could not afford to offend.
Wang Yanqing, who escaped from Zhang Yaoming's clutches, was also deeply afraid that his ties with our party would be exposed, so he made the decision to cooperate with our party and launch an uprising in advance. In order to avoid being surrounded by nationalist troops, Wang Yanqing decided to lead the three regiments of 289, 290, and 291 under his division to cross the Yangtze River north first in the name of "performing military tasks" and then launch an uprising.
In this way, his own insurrectionary actions will not be detected by the enemy, and even if they are discovered by the enemy, Wang Yanqing can lead his troops directly from the position north of the Yangtze River to our army.
However, just as Wang Yanqing was making a detailed plan for the uprising, the whole uprising was in chaos because one of his regimental commanders made the wrong phone call.
The person who made the wrong call was Wang Yiluan, the leader of the 291st Regiment
The regimental commander had just taken up his post as commander of the 291st Regiment and was not familiar with the telephones of various departments. In the course of correspondence with the ministries before the uprising,
He mistakenly called the phone number of his peers to the kuomintang 45th Army headquarters - which completely exposed Wang Yanqing's uprising plan.
After the Kuomintang 45th Army received the phone, it realized that Wang Yanqing really wanted to "oppose," so he sent a plane to distribute leaflets to Wang Yanqing's troops, and the leaflets were written on them
"Whoever takes the head of Wang Yanqing will be rewarded with 50,000 oceans."
Under the Kuomintang's "people's offensive", Wang Yanqing's 289 and 290 regiments that crossed the Yangtze River in the north turned against each other and returned to Nanjing, while Wang Yanqing himself led the division guard platoon to break through the siege, and only about 1,000 people were left.
(Battle of the River Crossing)
After Wang Yanqing led 1,000 officers and soldiers to cross the river, these 1,000 soldiers were incorporated under the jurisdiction of Su Yu.
In July 1949, he went to Nanjing to study at the East China Military and Political University, and changed from the original old social unit to a real people's soldier.
Wang Yanqing's uprising made Chiang Kai-shek unpopular, and the Nationalist army was defeated and surrendered
Although the uprising led by Wang Yanqing eventually failed due to flaws in the details, he still had his own historical merits and played an important role in breaking the morale of the Kuomintang army. After Wang Yanqing's rebellion led his troops to surrender, Chiang Kai-shek's father and son were even more jealous of the surrounding generals and repeatedly suspected them, which also made Chiang Kai-shek's father and son even more unpopular, which eventually led to the collapse of the Chiang family dynasty on the land of China.
Less than a month after Wang Yanqing surrendered to our army, our army launched the Battle of Crossing the River and conquered Nanjing, the capital of Chiang Kai-shek's regime, ending the life of this criminal regime.
The lessons of the failure of the uprising led by Wang Yanqing also gave many references to other generals who wanted to surrender to our army: They did not dare to defect to our army because Wang Yanqing's uprising failed, but adopted the method of "small-scale contact with our army" to surrender to our army. nutshell
It is those officers and men of the nationalist army who think that they cannot launch an armed uprising in the army, and when they make contact with our army on the battlefield, they will symbolically put a few shots and then be captured by our army
-- In this way, under the suspicion of Chiang Kai-shek's father and son and the suppression of the military command, a large number of Kuomintang officers still surrendered to our army.
At the time of the liberation of the great southwest, there were even a large number of Kuomintang troops who defected to our army in an organized manner, which can be called "defeated as a mountain."
(Captured Nationalists)
Why, then, did ordinary soldiers and senior officers and generals such as Fu Zuoyi and Wang Yanqing constantly surrender to our army during the War of Liberation? - The reason for this,
First, it is because our party stands on the stand of the people and cares about and sympathizes with the people
, truly serve the people from beginning to end. The most typical point is that our Party took the lead in carrying out land reform in the Liberated Areas, so that each peasant family had its own land species, which is very tempting for most soldiers who are peasants.
Second, our party and our army implement equality between officers and soldiers and the people, and the national army that has surrendered to the PLA troops
, because of their surrender or captivity, they have not been discriminated against, as long as they have contributed to the cause of the liberation of the mainland, they can get our affirmation and respect;
The third is the objective and impartial attitude of our party and our army toward history
A considerable number of the troops and generals who surrendered to our army fought with our army, and some of them also did evil and made mistakes before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, but during the Liberation War, as long as they admitted the mistakes of history and were willing to join our cause of liberation, our party and our army also gave them the opportunity to reform themselves, and Fu Zuoyi and Wang Yanqing were such examples.
Standing on the side of the people, uniting friends who can be united, and isolating and attacking a small number of enemies who are enemies of the people are the magic weapons for us to defeat the enemy for a long time, and to this day, such historical experience can still have enlightenment and reference significance for us.