Wu Huawen's uprising on the eve of a strategic turning point

Author: Xia Jicheng

Source; "Yanhuang Chunqiu"

From September 16 to 24, 1948, the East China Field Army launched the Battle of Jinan. This is a large-scale siege and reinforcement campaign waged by our army against the large cities where the Kuomintang is heavily garrisoned and fortified, which has opened the prelude to the development of our army from a strategic offensive to a strategic decisive battle, and has an important historical position in the history of the people's liberation war.

The Battle of Jinan was originally planned to be fought for a month or twenty days, but it was only eight days, and it won a complete victory in the siege and reinforcements! A telegram sent to Su Yu on August 28 by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China mentioned that "... And there are internal conditions". Wu Huawen, then lieutenant general of the Kuomintang Reorganized 96th Army and commander of the Reorganized 84th Division, was Hua Ye's "internal response" in Jinan. He revolted before the crucial moment and achieved a legend of quick victory.

The fateful battle for a turning point is about to begin

From July 14 to September 2, 1948, according to several telegrams from the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee and Mao Zedong, and after full discussion, the East China Field Army determined the main contents of the operational plan for conquering Jinan: the combat task was to capture Jinan as the sole purpose, and to seek annihilation of one part of the enemy (at least three or four brigades) to help the enemy, and to block the enemy from approaching Jinan, so that the attacking group had enough time to capture Jinan. The formulation of the operational policy will be carried out in two stages. The siege is scheduled to be launched on 16 September.

Wang Yaowu, then chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong provincial government and commander of the Second Appeasement District, judged from various sources of intelligence that the Plakmen was about to launch an offensive against Jinan, thus strengthening defenses in all aspects. In addition to adding and reinforcing the fortifications of the city, chiang kai-shek was also asked to airlift the 83rd Division to strengthen the defense of Jinan, and to adjust the deployment of the defenders inside and outside the city, and appointed Wu Huawen, commander of the reorganized 84th Division, as the garrison commander of the western district of Jinan, responsible for commanding the strength of eight brigades, defending the airfield and the bustling industrial and commercial area commercial port, and other important positions. At this time, Jinan has been surrounded by the People's Liberation Army on all sides, railway, highway, and waterway transportation have been cut off, and the airport has become the only channel for Jinan to connect with the outside world. In this sense, Wu Huawen has firmly grasped the lifeblood of Jinan.

However, Wang Yaowu's immediate superior, Liu Zhi, commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Xuzhou "Suppression General" in Xuzhou, was not at ease with Wu Huawen, and he inquired about Wu Huawen's performance in person with Wang Yaowu. Wang Yaowu explained: "So far, I have not received any information about Wu Huawen's collusion with the Communist Party. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as a puppet army and often fought with the Communists. After the victory of the War of Resistance, he led the Eighty-fourth Division to fight the Communists very fiercely, and the hatred with the Communists was very deep. I don't think he's going to have any problems. ”

Du Yuming, deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Xuzhou "Suppression General", went to Jinan at the end of August to inspect the defense, and also personally reminded Wang Yaowu: "Wu Huawen is a man who is capricious, superficially obedient but deceitful on the inside. ”

Wang Yaowu disagreed, and he said to Du Yuming: "Neither the Ministry of National Defense nor the Xuzhou Suppression Bureau, nor our appeasement area has discovered any collusion between Wu Huawen and the Communist Party, and there is no reason to remove him from his post. Judging from the hatred for the Communist Party that he usually exudes in his daily speech, he himself will not have any problems. However, there may be a few pro-Communist elements in his troops, and there may also be underground Communist Party activities, and I am paying close attention to the Political Training Office and taking strict precautions. Then, using the excuse of incense, drawing lots, and divination at the Lüzu Temple, he said to Wu Huawen: "The signature says that there are traitors in Jinan City, and I hope that Brother Shao Zhou (Wu Hua Character Shao Zhou) will be vigilant and not be fooled by the Communist Party!" ”

In fact, Wu Huawen had already established secret contacts with the Communist Party, but Wang Yaowu had been kept in the dark.

Wu Huawen eventually embarked on the road of uprising because of the unremitting struggle of the Chinese Communist Party for many years.

After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chen Yi instructed Liu Guanyi, director of the Enemy Engineering Department of the New Fourth Army and the Shandong Military Region, to use the strategy of "hitting first and then pulling, and beating Mila" to plot against WuHua's Ministry of Culture and Culture, and militarily punch him first, and then slowly win it. Through Feng Yuxiang, Li Jishen, Chen Yi and others, Wu Huawen also secretly established secret communication channels with the CHINESE communists and echoed them in military operations.

In the spring of 1947, in order to expand the strength of the civil war, Chiang Kai-shek specially summoned Wu Huawen to Yanzhou on the way back to Nanjing from Beiping to comfort him, and personally wrote a handwritten edict to reorganize Wu into the reorganized 84th Division, with Wu as the commander of the division, and the number of soldiers was expanded to more than 20,000 people, and the equipment was also supplemented.

In this regard, Chen Yi held that Chiang Kai-shek has always only used it to take the lead in the miscellaneous army, and as cannon fodder, Wu Huawen is Feng Yuxiang's old northwest army, Chiang Kai-shek will not absolutely trust him, Wu must also preserve his strength, and will not fight a civil war for Chiang Kai-shek with a dead heart, and once the situation changes, Wu Bu may still revolt. The work of winning over Wu Huawen should not be abandoned.

In August 1947, WuHua's Ministry of Culture was transferred from Shandong to Eastern Henan to fight. To this end, the Enemy Engineering Department of the Military Region sent a secret group to Xuzhou in the winter of that year in order to carry out a rebellion against Wu Bu nearby. The leader of the secret group was named Wang Dao, who had served as a brigade commander under Wu Huawen, and the two had a close relationship.

Wang Dao used the practice of medicine as a cover to gain a foothold in Xuzhou. He paid a special visit to Liu Ziheng, a teacher whom Wu Huawen had always respected (Liu was a famous democrat in Shandong Province and a teacher of Wang Dao). Once, when Wu Huawen met with Liu Ziheng, Liu advised Wu: "Miscellaneous troops like you must make up their minds to defect to the people. Even if a person's life is full of bad things and finally a good thing, it is not worth it. Wu Huawen said: "During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the CCP sent people to contact me, at that time I was ideologically shaken, and now I regret it, please rest assured that in order to expand my influence, at a certain time, I will choose a famous city to take action." ”

After studying and obtaining permission from Liu Guanyi, Wang Dao and Liu Ziheng sent li yonglie, a cadre of enemy workers, to Wu Huawen to do work. After Reading Liu Ziheng's introduction letter, Wu Huawen instructed Li Yonglie, "You and I should not mention Master Liu Ziheng, but you only say that it was sent by Commander-in-Chief Liu Zhi of Xuzhou. Wu also personally handed Li Yonglie a "spy report card" of the Eighty-fourth Division. From then on, Li Yonglie, dressed in the uniform of a Kuomintang lieutenant, became an undercover agent of the East China Enemy Works Department in wuhua's cultural department.

Wu Huawen once said to Li Yonglie: "Your Minister Liu (Guanyi), I have the impression that he is a scholar who has learned a lot about the past and the present, and he also knows the book of soldiers, the art of war, and the style of civilization. Since you are Minister Liu's dispatcher, you can live with confidence in my place, and I will guarantee your insurance. ”

Wu Huawen asked Li Yonglie one day in a skeptical tone: "Wang Dao has been a brigade commander of a puppet army and a traitor, do you still believe him?" ”

Li Yonglie said, "Master Wu don't have to worry about it! The Communist Party's policy has always been to blame the past. Although Wang Dao had served as a puppet army and a nationalist army, after he led the uprising, the Communist Party appointed him deputy commander of the Luzhong Military Region. If Commander Wu can lead the rebellion, with your current position, strength, and prestige, the position will definitely not be under the king's way. Wu was silent after listening.

In order to strengthen Wu Huawen's rebellion, the Enemy Works Department of the East China Military Region also asked Kong Fan to contact Wu Huawen. Kong was a Kuomintang elder who served as the chairman of the Shandong Provincial Senate in 1938, and Wu had great respect for him, once saying to Kong: "Never live up to the expectations of the old boss, Wu will choose the right time to do things." ”

Accompanied by Li Yonglie, Wu Huawen went to Xuzhou to meet secretly with Liu Ziheng. Wu said: "I Wu Mou fought against the Communists for more than ten years, served as a traitor, and after defecting to the CCP, what should they do if they settle old accounts with me?" ”

Liu Ziheng bitterly persuaded Wu Huawen to reassure him. Subsequently, Wu Huawen secretly met with Wang Dao. During the banquet, Wu Huawen and Wang Dao joked: "You resist Japan, I also resist Japan; you are a traitor, I am also a traitor; you revolted and joined the Communist Party, and now you are advising me on behalf of General Chen Yi to do it anyway, okay!" I also intend to follow in your footsteps and follow suit..."

Wang Dao said, "Commander Chen Yi and Minister Liu Guanyi are very concerned about you and have high hopes for you. You have nearly thirty thousand horses, and the conditions are much better than when I revolted. If you can revolt, you will make great contributions to the people and put your name on history, how can the Communist Party calculate your old account! ”

Rao Shushi and Tan Zhenlin both gave instructions against Wu Huawen

Wu Huawen had four wives. The original wife, Ma Yuzhen, died of illness at an early age. During his further studies at the Beijing Army University, Wu Huawen married Zhao Huazhen, the head nurse of union hospital, and Zhao was very caring for Wu and financially assisted Wu Huawen. But she was 8 years older than Wu, and Wu Huawen's father, Wu Yizhai, did not recognize the daughter-in-law and forced Wu to divorce her. Led by Wu Yizhai and married by Ming Media, Wu Huawen married the third lady Lin Shiying. She came from a large family, was knowledgeable, gentle in temperament, beautiful in appearance, and was deeply favored by Wu Huawen, laying the foundation for the status of "official lady". Later, Wu Huawen married a younger and more beautiful fourth wife in Jinan, named Ning Yiwen. This made Lin Shiying very unhappy, and often washed his face with tears.

In the early spring of 1947, Lin Shiying's fourth brother, Lin Shichang, who was studying at peking university, was dispatched by the Beiping Underground Party And Academic Committee to go south and, through his sister Lin Shiying, instigated his brother-in-law Wu Huawen to take the road of Gao Shuxun's uprising. Lin Shiying euphemistically explained this meaning to Wu Huawen, who said: "I have fought with the Communist Party for so many years, and the resentment is very deep, will they not hate me?" If after my uprising, their words do not count, and they want to deal with my adultery, and then I will call it heavenly and unspiritual, and the earth is not spirited. So this matter must be carefully considered. ”

Later, Wu Hua's cultural department was transferred back to Jinan from eastern Henan. In order to strengthen Wu Huawen's secret struggle, the enemy industry department in East China also specially selected Li Changyan, an enemy worker cadre, to use Lin Shiying's cousin's identity to infiltrate Wu Huawen's side and go undercover.

Lin Shiying's mother is Li Changyan's aunt, and Li Changyan lives in his aunt's house. He gradually enlisted the support of his cousins Lin Shida, Lin Shide, and Lin Shixun. When Li Changyan learned that Lin Shiying often wept bitterly over family conflicts, he pushed her heart and told her: The Communist Party advocates equality between men and women and does not allow concubines. Only by defecting to the Communist Party can you and your children's future be guaranteed. Lin Shiying felt that this statement was reasonable, and often took advantage of the opportunity to blow a "pillow wind" on Wu Huawen and persuade her husband to change from evil to righteousness.

Li Yonglie, an undercover agent of the East China Military Region who was lurking in Wu Hua's cultural department, has also been using various opportunities to secretly plot against Wu Huawen.

At this time, Wu Huawen's division headquarters was stationed in the Yaxia Company Building of Jinan Jingliuwei Third Road, and the subordinate troops were stationed in the area of Baima Zhuang, Kong Zhuang, Gushan, Lashan, and the airfield. Wu Huawen placed his wife, Ning Yiwen, in a small bungalow in the backyard of the Asia Building. In order to "show favor" to Wu Huawen, Wang Yaowu gave the Zhangjia Garden, a mansion on the shore of Daming Lake, to Wu Zuo's mansion, and Wu took the third wife, Lin Shiying, and his parents into the Zhangjia Garden to enjoy their blessings.

Through meticulous work, Li Changyan made Lin Shiying and Wu Yizhai, as well as his cousins Li Zhengyan and Ban Shaozhen, all inclined to our party and our army to varying degrees. In this way, the relatives around Wu Huawen, each with different identities and from different angles, played a role in counterproductive action that was difficult for others to replace.

One day in May 1948, Lin Shiying's fourth brother Lin Shichang (pseudonym Yuan li) in Beiping accompanied Zhang Ruiying (Bai Ping) of the North China Bureau of the Communist Party of China to Jinan, with the task of instigating the Wu Huawen uprising. Considering that the conditions for meeting Wu directly were not yet available, they met Lin Shiying in the Zhangjia Garden and explained that the No. 3 residence of Dongguanyin Temple in Beiping, which Wu Huawen had entrusted to Lin Shichang to manage, had been used by the underground party, and that most of the rent in The Huaju Silk Village in Xinjiekou and a part of the grain from the Gongyongfa Grain Store outside the front gate had supported the underground party and progressive students. In this way, Wu Huawen has actually contributed to the Communist Party. As long as he took the initiative to revolt, the Communist Party not only guaranteed his life, protected his private property, and retained his position, but also rewarded him with meritorious deeds and entrusted him with heavy responsibilities.

After Wu Huawen learned of the above situation, he added another point to the weight thrown at the Communist Party.

From May 29 to July 13, 1948, the Shandong Corps of the East China Field Army fought the Battle of the Middle Section of Jinpu Road. When Yanzhou was in a hurry, Liu Zhi, commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Xuzhou "Suppression General", sent a telegram ordering Wu Huawen to lead the 84th Division and the 211st Brigade of the Reorganized 2nd Division from Jinan to relieve the siege of Yanzhou. Li Yonglie persuaded Wu Huawen not to be too active or to wait for an opportunity to revolt on the way. Wu Huawen said: "The entire Second Division is Wang Yaowu's loyal unit, nominally the 211st Brigade is under my command, but in fact it is monitoring me, so I cannot revolt on the way." But I'm not going to come up with reinforcements, so rest assured. ”

When Chiang Kai-shek saw that Wu Huawen had arrived in Tai'an, he did not move his troops, and strictly ordered Wu to rush to the aid of Yanzhou, otherwise the military law would be engaged. Wu Huawen had to reluctantly order the main force, the 211st Brigade, to cross the Wen River south. Unexpectedly, the brigade was ambushed by the People's Liberation Army, the entire brigade was destroyed, the brigade commander Xu Yuezheng was captured, and Yanzhou was quickly conquered by the People's Liberation Army. Wu Huawen led the rest of his army back to Jinan in defeat. Hit by this blow, Wu Huawen looked depressed and did not even answer Wang Yaowu's phone. He said to Gao Shantian forward: "Wang Yaowu is a person who does not show his might, who is not a general' wind, who is not a hero but a bear!" This time I listened to him, and one brigade was finished. He does it again, and my old roots are gone! I couldn't hang himself from a tree with him, I had to find another way out. ”

In order to win over Wu Huawen, Wang Yaowu proposed to Liu Zhi and was approved to promote Wu Huawen to the commander of the reorganized Ninety-sixth Army, still serving as the commander of the 84th Division, and restoring and supplementing the 161st Brigade, and assigning the Provincial Security Second Brigade (Brigade Commander He Zhibin) and the Special Service Brigade (Brigade Commander Meng Zhaojin) to the Ninety-sixth Army, and allocating the reorganized Second Division to Wu Huawen's command. Wang Yaowu personally told Wu Huawen: "Shandong's rivers and mountains are half in half. "But Wu knew in his heart that this was just a use.

The situation is developing rapidly, the encirclement of Jinan by the East China Field Army has been formed, and a major war will soon take place. One night, Wu Huawen took the initiative to ask his cousin Li Changyan to say: "Please ask my cousin to contact General Chen Yi and say that I Am Wu in a difficult situation at present, and once the conditions are ripe, I can cooperate with the PLA operations." Wu also personally handed Li Changyan a "spy report card" of the Eighty-fourth Division, which made it easier for Li to go out of the city to contact the People's Liberation Army.

Li Changyan quickly found Licheng Xiying, the seat of the Jinan Municipal CPC Committee, and reported to Jiang Fangyu, deputy secretary of the municipal party committee. Jiang Fangyu immediately used the radio to report to the United Front Work Department of the East China Bureau. Hu Lijiao, director of the United Front Work Department and director of the Intelligence Department (Department) of the East China Military Region, immediately reported to Rao Shushi, secretary of the East China Bureau and political commissar of the East China Military Region. Rao attached great importance to this, saying: Wu Huawen has committed crimes in history, and his attitude toward him should not be overestimated, but if he does a good job, there is also a possibility of success. I hope that he will recognize the mistakes, make meritorious contributions, and make practical achievements. Rao Shushi put forward three plans for Wu Huawen to choose from: one was to revolt alone to solve Jinan; the second was to cooperate with the outside world and cooperate with the action when our army attacked the city; and the third was to stubbornly resist to the end and wait for being annihilated. Rao Shushi also personally drafted a telegram to the Jinan Municipal CPC Committee, asking him to work hard to secure Wu Huawen's prompt establishment of radio contacts with our side, and assigned Wang Zhengming, section chief of the United Front Work Department, to Licheng to form a three-member leading group (Chen Yi had been transferred to the Central Plains Bureau in May) to form a three-person leading group with Jiang Fangyu, deputy secretary of the Jinan Municipal CPC Committee, and Zeng Dingshi, director of the "National Army" Work Department of the Jinan Municipal CPC Committee, to instigate the Wu Huawen uprising.

Li Changyan quickly returned to Jinan and conveyed to Wu Huawen the "three strategies" of Rao Shushi, secretary of the East China Bureau. Wu Huawen said that he must embark on a strategy and be sure to do a good job. However, in the establishment of radio contacts, Wu did not immediately express his position. Later, after lin Shiying's persuasion, Wu Huawen instructed his younger brother Wu Huagang (wu huagang, director of the Wu Ministry's newspaper service) to compile the codebook, and Wu Huawen personally handed it to Li Changyan, specially sent a car to send Li out of the city, and sent the secret code to the CHINESE communist side.

However, at this time, Wu Huawen's thinking had a major reversal. It turned out that his second wife, Zhao Huazhen, flew from Nanjing to Jinan. Wu Huawen took her into a hotel, closed the door to thank guests, and did not see anyone for four consecutive days...

The Jinan Municipal Party Committee and the three-member leading group made an analysis and held that Zhao Huazhen was closely related to the military command in Nanjing, and it may have been ordered by the military command to prevent Wu Huawen's uprising. However, the day of our army's attack on Jinan was approaching day by day, so we reported to Tan Zhenlin, deputy political commissar of the East China Field Army and political commissar of the Shandong Corps, and asked for instructions on how to work with Wu Huawen in the next step.

Tan Zhenlin said: "Wu Huawen was born as a warlord and was good at coping, but under my strong military pressure, it was possible to revolt or cooperate with our army's actions. But he may be shaken in the last five minutes, and we can't give up on fighting for him in the last five minutes. We must clearly tell him that we will definitely be able to lay siege to Jinan and persuade him not to have any illusions. The demands on him can be as big as they can be, such as detaining Wang Yaowu and occupying the airport. Otherwise, it's good to give way to a path. We must repeatedly explain to him our Party's policies and ensure the safety of his life and property. ”

The party's policy inspiration and in-depth and meticulous work in all aspects finally prompted Wu Huawen to take a crucial step on the road of uprising. On September 12, he sent us a secret telegram on a secret radio station: everything was generally ready. It will take time for dependents to be connected by transportation. Two days later, Wu Yu sent another secret telegram on the 14th: This afternoon Wang Yaowu went to Xu's meeting, and his wife (wife) was transferred to Qing (Island).

On September 15, Wu Huawen's parents, the third wife Lin Shiying, and the fourth wife, Ning Yiwen, were all transferred from our underground staff to safety. This made Wu Huawen have no worries about launching an uprising.

On the morning of September 16, Wu Huawen, accompanied by underground worker Li Yonglie, went to the headquarters of the 155th Brigade and the brigade commander Yang Youbai to secretly discuss the uprising plan. Yang was Wu's brother-in-law, and the two agreed on how to act and how to deal with the reorganized Second Division that monitored Wu' forces.

Mao Zedong and Zhu De sent a telegram to Wu Huawen for the uprising, and the military and government of the Jinan Campaign were completely victorious

At 12:00 midnight on September 16, the Battle of Jinan began, under the unified command of Su Yu, and the heavy troops laid down a pocket array, preparing to block and annihilate the enemy. The siege force, commanded by Xu Shiyou, Tan Zhenlin, and Wang Jian'an, first cleared the periphery from the east and southwest directions. Our army attacked rapidly with the momentum of a fierce tiger descending the mountain and Mount Tai pressing down, occupying key points such as Maoling Mountain, Yanyin Mountain, and Huilongling Mountain, as well as Changqing, Shuangshanguan, Ancient City, Yuhuang Mountain, dangjiazhuang, and other places, directly approaching the city wall of Jinan.

According to the prior agreement, our army did not add up to wuhua's defense of the ministry of culture and culture, and waited for him to revolt. However, Wu Huawen did not move and still held his original position. On the afternoon of the 17th, Wu Huawen received a telegram from Zhao Huazhen, the second wife who had returned to Nanjing, to the effect that the matter of our research had been reported to the vice minister of national defense; the ministry of national defense had decided to send troops to help the country soon. For this reason, Wu Huawen had another illusion about Chiang Kai-shek.

Strong military pressure was a key move in prompting Wu Huawen's uprising. At 11 o'clock on the 18th, Hua Yesan launched a fierce attack on the area around Tuji Mountain, where Wubu was stationed, annihilating more than 600 people in one of its battalions in only 20 minutes. Wu Huawen was furious when he received the report, and the reactionaries around him took the opportunity to ask him to kill our underground workers.

At this moment, Huang Zhiping, a cadre of our enemy workers, sternly and sternly told Wu Huawen: "If we do not implement the agreement and do not take the initiative to surrender our positions, the responsibility lies entirely with you. ”

Wu Huawen weighed it repeatedly and felt that there was only one way to go. He told Huang Zhiping: "Brothers are willing to abide by the agreement, determined to revolt, please stop the attack." "My underground staff immediately crossed the line of fire to our army position and reported Wu Huawen's latest attitude.

On the evening of September 19, Wu Huawen held a meeting of officers at or above the level of regimental commander and division chief at the headquarters of the 96th Army in Kongzhuang, and announced that he would lead three brigades (divisions) to revolt in front of the front and surrender to the People's Liberation Army. That night, Wu Huawen handed over the airfield and the surrounding defensive areas to our army, and withdrew all the defensive areas such as the commercial ports defended by the ministry, so that the door of the kuomintang army's western defensive line was opened, and a large gap appeared. Our army took the opportunity to rush forward, the soldiers did not have bloodshed, and at dawn they pushed the siege army under the city of Jinan.

At this point, Wang Yaowu declared that the outer positions in Jinan, which were easy to defend and difficult to attack, could be defended for half a month, and our army occupied them all in only four days. The enemy's military was shaken, the defense system was disrupted, and the temporary adjustment and deployment were in a hurry. Wang Yaowu sent a telegram to Liu Zhi and Chiang Kai-shek, saying: "Wu Hua's Ministry of Culture and Culture has defected to the Communists, jinan has suffered from the enemy in the belly, and the situation has deteriorated, can we break through?" But Chiang Kai-shek called back and ordered Wang Yaowu to "stand firm and wait for help."

However, the Jinan airfield had been handed over to the Chinese Communists by Wu Huawen, and Chiang Kai-shek could not airlift reinforcements to Jinan. Wang Yaowu was eagerly looking forward to reinforcements, but the three corps of Qiu Qingquan, Huang Baitao, and Li Mi, who were reinforced from Xuzhou to the north, had more than 100,000 troops, and they detected that the powerful blocking and reinforcement troops of the East China Field Army had laid down a pocket array, fearing that they would follow the mistakes of the Battle of Eastern Henan two months ago and fall into the trap of Su Yu's "siege of the city to fight for aid," so they did not dare to reinforce Jinan. Our siege troops attacked the city bravely, decisively, and tenaciously, and fought fiercely until the afternoon of the 24th, in less than eight days, that is, the entire liberation of Jinan, which was more than half of the original time.

Wang Yaowu abandoned the city at the last moment and fled. Despite clever disguise, fleeing to Shouguang County was seized. Jingtang, chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong Provincial Party Department, was also seized while fleeing in disguise. 23 Kuomintang generals were taken prisoner.

In the Battle of Jinan, our army annihilated a total of 104,000 enemy (including more than 20,000 rebels). The CPC Central Committee sent a congratulatory telegram saying: "Celebrate your great victory in liberating Jinan and annihilating 100,000 enemies. Your courageous, courageous, and agile actions, and the uprising of the Ninety-sixth Army led by General Wu Huawen, prove that the People's Liberation Army's ability to attack strong points has been greatly improved. The effects of victory shook the interior of Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary army. This was one of the most serious blows inflicted on the enemy in the development of the revolutionary war in more than two years. Shang Wang continued to work hard to annihilate more Chiang Kai-shek's army and liberate the people of all of East China. The martyrs in the Battle to Liberate Jinan are immortal! ”

In a telegram to Wu Huawen and all the officers and men of the rebel forces, Mao Zedong said: "This righteous act of your army commander and others conforms to the hopes of the people and can be deeply celebrated. It is still hoped that the whole army will unite, strive for progress, improve the relations between officers and soldiers and between the military and the people, and strive for the victory of the revolutionary war in the whole country. ”

Commander-in-Chief Zhu De also sent congratulatory messages to Wu Huawen and the rebel generals and all the officers and men.

On October 29, 1948, the headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army issued an order on the organization of Wu Huawen's uprising troops into the 35th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, appointing Wu Huawen as the commander, Yang Youbai as the commander of the 103rd Division, Zhao Guangxing as the commander of the 104th Division, and He Zhibin as the commander of the 105th Division.

In April 1949, Wu Huawen led the 35th Army to participate in the Battle of the Crossing River, first capturing Puzhen, Pukou and Jiangpu Counties on the north bank of Nanjing. On 24 April, the 312nd Regiment Special Agent Company of the 104th Division of the Army occupied Chiang Kai-shek's "Presidential Palace". After a battalion of the 315th Regiment of the 105th Division entered and occupied the "Presidential Palace", a red flag was raised at the gate to announce the fall of the Chiang family dynasty.

After Wu Huawen's uprising, he was worried that the second wife, Zhao Huazhen, and her two sons would be persecuted by Kuomintang agents in Nanjing, and asked the CCP to try to rescue them. The East China Bureau reported Wu's request to the Central Military Commission. After the liberation of Nanjing, Wu Huawen saw Zhao Huazhen and his two sons safe and sound, and thanked the Communist Party for its magnanimity and recklessness.

After the founding of New China, Wu Huawen was once treated in Shanghai. One day, some representatives of the masses in Shandong went to Shanghai to meet Chen Yi and demanded that Wu Huawen be killed to punish him for creating a no-man's land during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Chen Yi clearly pointed out: Wu Huawen heeded the advice of our party and revolted, otherwise we would have sacrificed tens of thousands more to liberate Jinan. If he has meritorious deeds, killing him will only make our party lose its credibility to the world! What good does this do to the people? The mass representatives were persuaded to leave, and Wu Huawen burst into tears when he learned of this.

Due to illness, Wu Huawen applied to transfer to local work, and served as director of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Communications and vice chairman of the Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He died in Hangzhou in April 1962 at the age of 58. Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi, and others all sent wreaths, and the matter was done very solemnly.

(P.S. In the early 1990s, the author was ordered to participate in the compilation of the history of enemy work in the East China Military Region, consulted a large number of archives, and paid a special visit to Liu Guanyi, former director of the Enemy Engineering Department of the East China Military Region, Hu Lijiao, director of the United Front Work Department of the East China Bureau, and Wang Zhengming, section chief, He Zhibin, general of the Wubu Uprising and later vice chairman of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and Lin Shiying, wife of Wu Huawen and later a member of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Li Changyan and Li Yonglie provided personal information. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Battle of Jinan and the uprising of Wuhua Wenbu, and I would like to take this article to pay high tribute to the meritorious personnel! ）