In 1949, after the People's Liberation Army won the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin, the Kuomintang government refused to sign the domestic peace agreement. Subsequently, the Central Committee issued an order Chinese the People's Liberation Army to march throughout the country: to march forward courageously and resolutely, thoroughly, and cleanly eliminate all Kuomintang reactionaries who dared to resist. In May of the same year Chinese Peng Dehuai, commander and political commissar of the First Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, led Wang Zhen's First Corps, Xu Guangda's Second Corps, Zhou Shidi's Eighteenth Corps, and Yang Dezhi's Nineteenth Corps to pursue and annihilate the Kuomintang reactionaries and Ma Jiajun entrenched in Qinghai and Xinjiang. The "Battle of Fumei" and the "Battle of Lanzhou" were won, and in 1950, in addition to the peaceful uprising of General Tao Zhiyue and the chairman of Bao'er Khan Province in Xinjiang, a total of 300,000 enemy troops were annihilated and the entire northwest territory was liberated. From the beginning of the War of Liberation, our side encouraged the enemy to revolt in order to avoid unnecessary casualties, and this was our strategy. Why before crossing the Yellow River in the west, the great man sent a telegram to Mr. Peng: If generals of northwestErn Malaysia want to revolt, they resolutely do not accept it, and they must be completely annihilated.
Ma Jiajun's history of his family
The history of Ma Jiajun can be traced back to the Hui uprising in Hezhou (present-day Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture) in 1864. At that time, Ma Bufang's grandfather, Ma Haiyan, was one of the leaders of the uprising. In 1872, Ma Haiyan led part of the rebel army to surrender to the Qing army, and was appointed by Zuo Zongtang, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, as the commander of the jingnan army in Hezhou, leading 300 soldiers and horses, which was the initial team of the Ma family army. In 1900, Ma Haiyan led his troops to Beijing to resist the invasion of China by the Eight-Power Alliance, and died of illness on the way back, and was succeeded by his son Ma Lin to lead the troops. Soon Ma Lin successively served as a flag officer and a staff general of the Xunhua battalion.
In the autumn of 1911, the Chinese revolutionaries launched the "Wuchang Uprising" and succeeded. The people of Shaanxi responded positively and overthrew the rule of the Qing government in Shaanxi. At this time, the feudal ruler of Gansu, Ma Lin, led the 14th Battalion of Mabu to suppress the rebels. Until 1912, the Republic of China was established, electing Mr. Sun as the provisional president. In March, under pressure from the outside world, Ma Anliang and Ma Lin abandoned the crackdown and returned to Gansu. Ma Lin, who returned to Gansu, was appointed as the chief military officer of Xining Town of the Republic of China government. In the following time, Ma Lin vigorously developed his power, and in 1922 he had 32 battalions of horse infantry under his command, with a total strength of more than 3,000 troops and more than 800 horses. In 1925, it was reorganized into the 26th Division by Feng Yuxiang's Nationalist Army, with a total of 6,000 people and more than 1,500 horses.
In 1931, Ma Lin died unexpectedly, and his son Ma Bufang took over as commander of the 26th Division. Subsequently, Ma Bufang defected to Chiang Kai-shek and was appointed commander of the newly organized Ninth Division, and later commander of the newly organized Second Army. In the following time, Ma Bufang exhausted all kinds of means in order to develop. In 1935, he acted as the chairman of the Qinghai Provincial Government and held the military and political power of the province. By 1936, when the Red Army crossed the Yellow River in the west, he was appointed commander of the second defense zone of the Kuomintang "Northwest Suppression General" and was ordered to block the Red Army. At this time, Ma Bufang's Ma Jiajun grew to 9 brigades and 5 independent regiments, with a total of 23 regiments and more than 36,000 people.
The Western Route Army clashed with the Ma family army
On October 24, 1936, the Central Committee sent a telegram ordering the Red 30th Army, Ninth Army and 5th Army to form the Western Route Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Xu As the former commander-in-chief and Chen Changhao as the political commissar, leading 21,800 people to forcibly cross the Yellow River to the west.
In November 1936, the Red Ninth Army conquered Gulang County, Ma Jiajun followed closely to surround Gulang County, at that time, the Red Ninth Army only 6500 people, Ma Bufang gathered nearly 20,000 people, after two days and three nights of bitter fighting, Gulang lost, the Red Ninth Army suffered heavy casualties, casualties as high as more than 2400 people, the army chief of staff Chen Bozhi and other major leaders died in battle, making the Red Ninth Army seriously injured.
In January 1937, the Western Route Army successively captured Gaotai and other places. Ma Jiajun followed closely behind, concentrating four brigades and three regiments to launch an attack on Gaotai County, where the Red Fifth Army was stationed, and the Red Fifth Army relied on fortifications in the city to resist the Ma Family Army, and after 9 days and 8 nights of bloody fighting, Gaotai City was attacked by the Ma Family Army, and the Red Fifth Army was basically completely destroyed.
In February 1937, the remaining personnel of the Red 30th Army, the headquarters of the Western Route Army, the Red Fifth Army and the Red Ninth Army gathered at the Ni family camp for defense. At this time, the Western Route Army was short of clothing and food, and there was a serious shortage of weapons and ammunition. When Ma Jiajun learned of the hiding place of the Houxi Route Army, he immediately organized more than 70,000 troops to launch a general attack on the Western Route Army. Now able to fight less than 7,000 people, the Western Route Army fought with the Ma family army in the Ni family camp, fighting to the death. In the end, it was only possible to retreat to qilian mountain, on the way back to qilian mountain, it was icy and snowy, the night road was difficult to travel, the western road army walked all night, and was caught up by the enemy cavalry in a few hours, there was no time to rest, there was no supply, it was difficult to deal with the enemy cavalry. The Western Route Army eventually fell into a situation where it ran out of ammunition and food.
The local local tycoons and inferior gentry, Ma Bufang and others, looked for traces of the Western Route Army, so that the Western Route Army could not get rid of the harassment of the enemy cavalry, and investigated the situation of the Western Route Army, transmitted information, and arrested the scattered personnel of the Western Route Army, which was of great help to the Ma Family Army. For example, Sun Yuqing, commander of the Red Ninth Army, Huang Huxian, chief of staff of the Red Thirty Army, and others were all arrested by the Hexi Militia Regiment, and with the help of a large number of local tycoons and inferior gentry, the results of the Western Route Army can be imagined.
Rescue the Western Route Army
On February 27, 1937, the Central Committee learned of the news that the Western Route Army had been severely damaged by the Ma Family Army and decided to form a western army to aid the West. On March 3, the Western Aid Army set out from Sanyuan, Shaanxi Province, and rushed to the Hexi region to help. Mobilize the masses, put up notices everywhere, publish lists, and indicate the location of the Red Army. A large number of investigators were dispatched to search for rescue in various parts of Longdong and Hexi. In just 6 months, the Aid To the Western Army has rescued or received more than 2,000 officers and men of the Western Route Army, most of whom are skinny and sick, with a body of injuries, and some even lack of arms and legs to climb back hard, which can be said to be all the way to blood and tears, thousands of miles of tragedy!
When President Peng liberated the Great Northwest in 1949, the great man sent a telegram to advise him: Resolutely do not accept the uprising and reorganization of this unit, and must be completely annihilated.