At dawn on August 21, 1949, the 4th, 6th, 63rd, and 65th Armies of the First Field Army attacked the positions of Ma Bufang's elite 82nd Army (under the jurisdiction of the 100th Division, 190th Division, and 248th Division) from three directions.
The results were unexpected
。
The 4th and 6th Armies of the 2nd Corps were attacked on the first day
Big setback
So it was immediately stopped, and the 63rd and 65th armies of the 19th Corps could not move on the first day.
Not convinced
The next day, the attack continued, still no progress, only to suspend the offensive.
At the end of the first phase of the battle, the mood in the headquarters of our army was depressed,
Feel the suffocation
More than 2,000 casualties of the three-way army failed to capture a major position of the Majia Army. Commander of the 19th Corps
Yang Dezhi
lament:
"We still can't take a position in two days, and our troops in North China have never encountered it in history."
The 63rd Army and the 65th Army, both ace units of the North China Military Region, have just finished participating
Battle of Taiyuan
, the morale is high, I did not expect to fight so much in this Lanzhou.
that
Ma Jiajun
Is it really that hard to beat? Let me
Detailed review
one time
The first phase of the Battle of Lanzhou
, to solve these doubts.
Time back
August 1949
Ma Bufang's 82nd Army arrived in Lanzhou in mid-August, and three of his divisions quickly deployed positions in Shenjialing, Yingpanling, Doujiashan, and Guchengling in the south of Lanzhou (Ma Jiajun had previously built fortifications in these areas, so it could be directly stationed).
The 129th Army behind the Majia Army palace arrived in Lanzhou on August 17 and 18, and then its two divisions were deployed at opposite ends of the Lanzhou River Valley. whereas
First Field Army
The 2nd and 19th Corps followed closely behind the 129th Division, and the vanguard reached the outskirts of Lanzhou on August 19.
The three-way army fought fiercely for one day, but it did not capture a position of the Majia Army
At dawn on August 21, 1949, the battle first began at Majiashan and Guchengling in the southeast of Lanzhou, and the 63rd and 65th Armies deployed five regiments of troops to attack the two highlands.
65 Army to
193rd Division
For the purpose of attacking the fortifications, the predecessor of the 193rd Division was the Red Army period
Red 1 division
, is the 65th Army
Ace Troops
。 At 6 a.m., three regiments of the 193rd Division had already moved towards each other
Majiashan Mountain
The offensive was launched, with the 579th Regiment as the frontal main attack, the 578th Regiment assisting from the flanks, and the 577th Regiment acting as the reserve team.
The garrison at Majiashan was Ma Bufang's starting force
100th Division of the 82nd Army
, the division counts as yes
The concubine of the concubine
, the elite of the elite, so this battle can be called
Aces vs. Aces
At the beginning of the battle, when the assault troops of the 579th Regiment rushed to the enemy position at Majiashan Mountain, they stepped on a large number of mines pre-planted by the enemy and suffered heavy casualties. In front of them was a barbed wire blockade pulled up by the enemy, and the Ma family army was condescending, using strong fortifications to inflict heavy casualties on the 579th Regiment.
The 65th Army then asked the 579th Regiment to retreat and sent the 578th and 577th Regiments to continue the offensive, but still made no progress and could only retreat helplessly. The situation on the battlefield next to Guchengling is also similar, the two regiments of the 63rd Army can not be attacked for a long time, can only give up, the soldiers are exhausted, with regrets withdrew from the battlefield.
Let's take a look at the Yingpanling Battlefield on the Middle Road
Yingpanling is the highest mountain in the mountains south of Lanzhou, from
Ming dynasty
From the beginning, it was the key point of the garrison. There are three villages in turn on the mountain:
The first camp, the second camp, the third camp
It is said that there were three military camps of the ancient garrison. The 248th Division of the Majia Army relied on these three villages to establish three lines of defense on the Yingpan Ridge.
Attacking The battalion was attacked by the 49th and 50th regiments of the 17th Division of the 6th Army, and the main task of attack was given to the 50th Regiment, which is also famous
Attack the tiger
。 However, when facing the 248th Division of the 82nd Army at Yingpanling, several successive waves of offensive by the 50th Regiment were repelled, and after paying heavy casualties, the main force of the 50th Regiment withdrew.
The far left side of the battlefield is
Shen Jialing
The position is also the most fierce position for the two sides.
At 8:00 a.m. on August 21, the 4th Army of the 2nd Corps launched an offensive against Shenjialing, and the 4th Army ordered the 10th Division and the 11th Division to send a regiment of heavy weight each, of which the 32nd Regiment of the 11th Division served as the offensive against the main position of Shenjialing, and the 28th Regiment of the 10th Division attacked the Dogwa Mountain on the left flank of Shenjialing.
The battle history of the 11th Division of the Army records the day's battles: the 32nd Regiment took the 1st Battalion as the first echelon, the 2nd Battalion as the second echelon, and the 3rd Battalion as the third echelon. After shelling the Shenjialing position, the 1st Battalion quickly launched an attack on the enemy's forward position, and when it was one or two hundred meters away from the enemy position, the enemy suddenly opened fire, the enemy's fire was quite fierce, and several waves of the 32nd Regiment failed.
By 12:00 noon, the attack was stopped, the soldiers of the 1st Battalion of the 32nd Regiment were withdrawn from the battlefield to change shifts for dinner, due to the negligence of vigilance, the Majia Army on the mountain suddenly launched a counterattack, and the battlefield fell into chaos, fortunately, the 2nd Battalion arrived in a hurry to repel the Majia Army, and the battlefield fell into a stalemate.
The three-way army suffered one setback after another, and General Peng immediately stopped the attack, asked the troops to withdraw, and prepared to attack again in three days.
When Ichino was superior in numbers and firepower, why was the first battle frustrated in three ways?
First, too light enemy
An important factor in the setback in the first stage was the combat effectiveness of the Majia Army
Lack of correct estimates
。 Ma Jiajun was one of the few factions in the Kuomintang army at that time that had not yet been dealt a annihilating blow by our army, and its unit structure was still very complete, and the front-line combatants were all veterans.
especially
Ma Bufang
of troops, in the previous ones
Battle of Xifu
It caused a lot of losses to the Northwest Field Army, so the ministry was still full of confidence in defeating the People's Liberation Army
Hu Zongnan
The army's heart is broken
Central Army
Differently, the morale of the Green Horse troops was still very high.
Our army marched into the great northwest, all the way to the battle of successive victories, its main battle was to fight against Hu Zongnan's Central Army, at this time Hu Zongnan was defeated like a mountain, everywhere to pull Zhuang Ding to replenish the troops, these temporarily expanded troops in the face of a field offensive, often
Collapse at the touch of a button.
The troops who fought Hu Zongnan were smooth sailing all the way, which gave the First Field Army a hand
The idea of a light enemy
He underestimated Ma Jiajun's stubborn determination to resist, especially the North China Military Region, which had just been transferred to the northwest region
18th and 19th Corps
He had never had the experience of fighting against Ma Jiajun.
Second, the preparation is insufficient
Before the Lanzhou campaign began, Chairman Mao specifically told General Peng that the Ma family army was not easy to fight, and it was best to make the troops fully prepared to attack again, and it would take at least a week to prepare.
However, Ichino's troops only reached the outskirts of Lanzhou on August 19, and launched the first offensive on the 21st. Because Peng zong was afraid that Ma Bufang's troops would slip away, he proposed it to the central authorities
Go ahead of the offensive
, strive for a quick battle and a quick decision.
However, a few years ago, Ma Jiajun built a solid cement fortification on the outskirts of Lanzhou, and also laid out barbed wire and mines, built the core fortifications of the bunkers, and dug a cliff several meters high on the outskirts of the position.
The bunker built by Ma Jiajun that year
Obviously, Ma Bufang was fully prepared and had an iron heart to defend Lanzhou.
epilogue:
After the end of the first phase of the Lanzhou Campaign, General Manager Peng summed up his experience in a timely manner and analyzed the reasons for the setback in the first stage of the offensive, and General Manager Peng himself believed that the primary factor in the setback was that after the troops won a great victory in the Battle of Fumei,
The whole army, including General Peng himself, had the idea of a light enemy.
After summing up the lessons of the first stage, Mr. Peng made full preparations, and on August 25, he once again launched the second phase of the Lanzhou Campaign offensive, and took Lanzhou City in one fell swoop, achieving a brilliant record of annihilating more than 27,000 enemy troops.
The second phase of the Lanzhou Campaign is reviewed in detail.