During the Republic of China period, the Kuomintang was only nominally unified, and the area actually controlled by chiang kai-shek was mostly only the current postal area, and the other provinces were substantial warlord divisions. The northwestern Gansu, Ning, and Qing regions are occupied by "Gunma", and the Northwest Gunma refers to a group of warlord leaders headed by Ma surnames, such as Ma Bufang, Ma Hongkui, Ma Hongbin and others, of which the most powerful is Ma Bufang.
He occupied Qinghai for many years, was known as the "Emperor of The Soil" of Qinghai, and during his reign he implemented a high-pressure policy toward Qinghai, which was very unfriendly to our party and did many absurd things.
Ma Bufang is a ziqing, who developed after inheriting his father's position and power.
Ma Bufang's father, Ma Qi, made his fortune mainly by suppressing the Ningxia and Shaanxi revolutionary armies during the Xinhai Revolution, and took this opportunity to be appointed as the commander-in-chief of Xining Town, Gansu Province, and formed the Ning Navy, which became an independent armed system.
After Ma Qi's death, Ma Bufang was actually not the only heir, above him there was also his uncle Ma Lin and brother Ma Buqing, but in the end it was Ma Bufang who monopolized the power and excluded his uncle Ma Lin and brother Ma Buqing.
Say one thing and you'll understand.
Once old Jiang took people to Qinghai to inspect the work, military and political leaders were accompanied by the side, just one day is the main day, the northwest Ma family are all believers in Islam, so Ma Lin and Ma Buqing both retreated and said that they want to go to worship, old Jiang did not blame, looking at Ma Bufang sitting there without moving, it was very strange, asked: Zixiang, why don't you go?
Ma Bufang stood up and respectfully replied: "Report to the committee, I have dedicated everything to the party-state!"
Look, what is the gap, you are old Jiang you are more assured and like to use whom? In terms of small and large, Ma Bufang's means and mental mechanisms are stronger than other horses by more than one grade.
Ma Qi died of illness in 1931, and in 1932, hu Zongnan, the elder Jiang's family, entered Tianshui and prepared to take Qinghai, in this situation, including Ma Lin, who succeeded the chairman of Qinghai Province, were helpless, Ma Bufang deliberately provoked the Qinghai-Tibet War, and then used public opinion to put pressure on the Nationalist government.
Later, Lao Jiang deliberately arranged for Sun Dianying to serve as the governor of Qinghai Qaidam Tun reclamation, in order to fight each other between the two major "miscellaneous armies", and Ma Bufang and Ma Lin, together with Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin, squeezed Sun Dianying out. During this period, Ma Bufang improved his status and strength by bribing the people around the old Chiang Kai-shek, and became the director of the Qinghai Provincial Security Department, the acting chairman of the Qinghai Provincial Government, and the chief executive of the five northwestern provinces. He is the first person in the Northwest.
Of course, Ma Bufang's most notorious thing is the brutal killing of our party's Western Route Army, killing more than 3,200 people in Zhangye alone. Dong Zhentang, commander of the Fifth Red Army, and Sun Yuqing, commander of the Red Ninth Army, were both unfortunately killed and killed.
In addition, it is also very cruel to the female Red Army, and if there is a slight posture, they will occupy it themselves, and the others will be rewarded to their subordinates as wives and concubines.
The Western Route Army was a major fiasco in the history of our army, but it made Ma Bufang more important, and old Chiang awarded him the Order of Yunli, and then slowly entrusted him with the military and political power of Qinghai, so that Ma Bufang was the nominal and de facto "King of Qinghai".
In the Liberation War, Ma Jiajun also inflicted great losses on our army, and in the Battle of Xifu, after our Northwest Field Army conquered Baoji, Ma Bufang asked his son Ma Jiyuan to lead an army to attack hu Zongnan, resulting in the defeat of Xiye.
Ma Jiyuan led all the cavalry, and the officers and men of the Western Field who had been chasing the abandoned city were all in the most embarrassing situation, and when they were most embarrassed, Mr. Peng pulled out his pistol and prepared to go up the mountain to fight a guerrilla attack, but fortunately, He Long sent troops to respond, and the Ma family army finally retreated.
The Battle of Xifu was the biggest defeat in Xiye, with more deaths than the later Battle of Lanzhou, and the Majia Army was the main cause of casualties.
Later, the revolutionary situation was very good, ma Bufang still wanted to occupy the province as king, obviously unrealistic, in August 1949, the renamed Ichino launched the Lanzhou Campaign, destroying Lanzhou like a decay, and avenging the Battle of Xifu.
Ma Bufang fled by plane with his family property and a large number of aunts and wives before the city was destroyed, first living in Hong Kong for a while, and then moving to Saudi Arabia, although he did not have power, his lust did not diminish.
When Ma Bufang was in Saudi Arabia, her fifth aunt was called Ma Yuelan, the daughter of Ma Bufang's cousin Ma Bulong, who was forced by him because of her beauty, and if she only suffered herself, Ma Yuelan would put up with it.
But Ma Bufang also took a fancy to Ma Yuelan's mother and her two younger sisters, and wanted Ma Yuelan to write a letter to ask them to come over, Ma Yuelan was not beaten and abused, and finally Ma Yuelan desperately escaped, arriving in Taiwan with the help of the Saudi Embassy to shake out Ma Bufang's scandal. This incident led to Ma Bufang being looked down upon in Saudi Arabia, and he could only hide at home and go out as little as possible.
Ma Bufang died in Saudi Arabia in July 1975 at the age of 72.