Who said that women are inferior to men, in the history of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, there was a main force composed entirely of women, the Women's Independent Regiment of the Fourth Front of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
This is a legendary and tragic force:
Climbing snow-capped mountains and crossing meadows, they have gone through the Long March;
Collect food and grass, treat the wounded, and they fight fiercely along the way;
What was the end of the expedition to the west and the casualties of those who were ordered to go west?
Female soldiers of the Women's Independent Regiment
The changing history of the Women's Independent Corps.
In mid-December 1932, the Red Fourth Front left the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region and arrived in northern Sichuan, creating a revolutionary base area in Sichuan and Shaanxi.
Chiang Kai-shek mobilized the strength of 38 regiments to launch an all-out offensive against the Sichuan-Shaanxi base areas; in order to cooperate with the main red army in combat, more than 100 female cadres and more than 200 women mass activists in the base areas were set up in Tongjiang County, and a regular women's armed battalion was set up in Tongjiang County, which was the predecessor of the women's independent regiment.
Female soldier of the Red Army
Many people have the impression that female Red Army soldiers do some propaganda, logistics, treatment of the wounded, etc., but in fact, female Red Army soldiers in women's independent battalions have excellent military skills.
Immediately after the establishment of the Women's Independent Battalion, intensive military training was carried out, practicing grenade throwing and shooting, as well as attacking, defending and using the terrain to seize the top of the hill in order to enhance the actual combat capability.
The Women's Independence Battalion was expanded into a women's independent regiment of more than a thousand men during the fighting, with three battalions under its jurisdiction.
In February 1935, before the Four Fronts crossed the Jialing River in the west, the Women's Independent Regiment accepted a large number of withdrawn women workers and added them into a women's independent division with two regiments.
At the end of March 1935, the Women's Independent Division crossed the Jialing River with the main force of the Red Army and began the Long March, which was later restored to regimental level due to the hardships of the battle, the harsh environment, and the reduction of personnel.
In late October 1936, the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front led the Red Fifth Army and the Red Ninth Army Red Thirty Army to cross the Yellow River in the west, forming the Western Route Army to begin the Western Expedition, and the Women's Independent Regiment was changed to the Women's Anti-Japanese Pioneer Regiment, with a total of more than 1,300 female fighters.
Bloody food-raising roads.
Outside of the fighting, the main task of the Women's Independence Corps was to collect food and care for the wounded.
The soldiers and horses did not move the grain and grass first, and the supply of grain was a necessity and guarantee for the army, and for the Red Army contingent that left the base areas for a long-distance march to fight, grain was of vital importance.
The grain carried at the time of departure was only enough for short-term consumption, and the basic and large supply of food, in addition to being purchased and raised from the common people, was mostly by fighting local tycoons or by fighting and taking them from the enemy.
The Red Army is on the march
But raising food is not an easy task:
1. When the Red Army came, the local reactionary warlords transferred or hid the grain, and also sent troops to pursue the main forces of the Red Army all the way, and the collection squads often encountered local armed attacks.
2. On the way to the transfer of troops, they flowed all the way, and after arriving in a new place, they lacked a mass base, coupled with the propaganda of the reactionary forces of the Kuomintang, the people did not understand the Red Army.
3. Under reactionary rule, the people have been exploited for many years, they themselves are short of food and clothing, and the further the troops go west, the more difficult it is to raise grain, especially after entering ethnic minority areas.
In order to raise money, the Women's Independent Regiment had to fight all the way!
In May 1935, the independent regiment of the women's regiment was transferred to the Zagu Brain area. In the middle of the mountain not far from the town, there is a lama temple, which has no lamas in it, and is occupied by reactionaries.
These enemies not only fished in the countryside, but also fired "cold guns" at the Red Army soldiers who went out to purchase supplies.
The Women's Independent Regiment decided to pull out this enemy stronghold!
The Women's Independent Regiment first sent two female Red Army soldiers to reconnoiter the enemy situation, and based on the enemy situation and the terrain of the Lama Temple, the female Red Army formulated a battle plan:
If I attack from the bottom of the mountain, I will definitely cause a lot of casualties, so it is better to divide the soldiers into three ways: two ways to attack from the front, one way from the back of the mountain to quietly bypass, and then to attack and encircle back and forth.
That night, under the cover of night, a mysterious team began to dig a heavy trench in the woods that stretched out to the lama temple, only to hear the rustling of the earth.
It was not until dawn that the procession quietly scattered back to the station, and the trenches that stretched out like nets to the monastery were dug.
The next night, a part of the female Red Army of the Women's Regiment hid on the hillside beside the road to help, and the female Red Army on the front of the two roads made a hidden breakthrough along the trenches.
Women's Independent Regiment fighting
In order to prevent the disclosure of women's identities, the Women's Independence Corps issued an order:
"Comrades, we are women, don't shout to kill, don't talk loudly, so as not to expose the target, watch the gestures!"
After the attack began, the enemy hid behind the courtyard wall and waited for reinforcements to arrive.
The commander of the Women's Independent Regiment decided to change his tactics and show weakness to lure the enemy.
As soon as the gunfire stopped, the enemy saw that the Red Army had not really attacked, thinking that it was a county guerrilla, and the arrogance suddenly became arrogant, and suddenly rushed out of the gate.
"Hold the trenches, fight calmly, strafe with machine guns at distant enemies, and blow up with grenades at close enemies."
The soldiers of the Women's Independent Regiment did not panic at all, and quickly repelled the enemy's first charge, and then the enemy launched a second round of ferocious charge, just at this time, in the dense woods on the hill behind the Lama Temple, three companies issued three gunshot signals, the female Red Army pressed down on the enemy from a commanding height, the explosion of cluster grenades sounded in the temple, and a dense rain of bullets flew from the top of the mountain to the enemy position in the middle of the mountain.
The enemy was hit in the abdomen and back, killed and wounded countless times, and suddenly became a mess, and fled back to the temple in a hurry, shrinking into it, and closing the temple door tightly, in a vain attempt to block the female Red Army outside the temple with iron gates and high walls
The three female warriors surrounded the enemy in the temple and continued to attack, but the enemy tried to break through several times without success.
The enemy stubbornly resisted with a strong gate wall, and the battle reached a white-hot level, and it was not until noon the next day that the three-way men and horses approached the temple gate, but the thick gate blocked the way forward.
Liu Guoying, commander of the Sixth Company of the Second Battalion, held the explosive package, and in the dense fire of the enemy, regardless of life and death, rushed to the gate, was shot several times in the middle of the way, and was seriously injured, but she still stubbornly crawled forward, blew open the gate of the monastery, and the female Red Army rushed into the gate of the monastery.
Blood on the road to the West.
In late October 1936, the headquarters of the Red Fourth Front led the Red Fifth Army, the Red Ninth Army, and the Red Thirty Army to cross the Yellow River in the west and start the western road.
The Women's Independent Regiment was reorganized into the Women's Anti-Japanese Pioneer Regiment, with a total of more than 1,300 female fighters.
After the Western Route Army crossed the Yellow River, Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly ordered the Majia Army, which was entrenched in Gansu and Qingdao Provinces, to pursue and intercept them, and the enemy's strength was about 130,000, more than six times the strength of the Western Route Army.
In January 1937, the Western Route Army captured Gaotai, and the headquarters of the Western Route Army, the women's regiment and the Fifth Army were stationed in Linze County, but tens of thousands of "Majia Army" followed them.
On January 12, the "Ma Jia Army" launched a fierce attack on the Fifth Army stationed in Gaotai, and the Fifth Army had only one radio station, which was placed at the place of Huang Chao, the political commissar of the Fifth Army, and the Fifth Army trapped in Gaotai could not get in touch with the headquarters.
After a week of fierce fighting, the enemy captured Gaotai, killed Dong Zhentang, commander of the Red Fifth Army, and Yang Keming, director of the Political Department, and more than 3,000 soldiers of the Red Fifth Army who desperately insisted on it died heroically.
Ma Jiajun
After the "Ma family army" captured Gaotai, the flame apparatus Zhang turned around and attacked the remnants of the Fifth Army outside the Linze War with a part of its troops, and besieged the county seat of Linze with its main force.
Most of the women stationed in Linze City were women comrades from the women's regiment, the supply department and the hospital, and their combat effectiveness was very weak.
Under the leadership of Zheng Yiyan, minister of supply, all men and women surrendered to defend the city, and he asked everyone to "make up their minds to shed the last drop of blood and resolutely defeat the enemy!" ”
Hundreds of female fighters are both combat teams, transport teams, and ambulance teams. The female warriors carried bricks, stones, clay pots and everything that could strike the enemy to the city wall as defensive weapons, and threw stones and tiles at the enemy fiercely, although many female warriors swollen their shoulders, sprained their waists, and even fell to the ground tired, but none of them cried bitterly and no one left their posts.
The Red Army soldiers in front fell, and the rear immediately rushed up, and the bricks and stones were exhausted, and the female soldiers picked up the bricks and stones. In the fierce battle, the northeast city wall was blown open a large gap, if not repaired immediately, there is a possibility that it will be breached by the enemy at any time.
Taking advantage of the night, the Red Army soldiers climbed the city wall on an adult ladder, and because the weather was too cold at minus tens of degrees, they could only lay stone bricks on the gap first, and then pour water on it, and in a moment they froze into solid ice, greatly reducing the destructive power of the enemy's artillery fire.
After three days and nights of fierce fighting, the situation became more and more severe, there was no hope for help, and if it continued to hold, there would be a danger that the whole army would be destroyed, and the headquarters decided to break through and move east along the Qilian Mountains, and a company of the women's regiment was ordered to leave cover.
These hundred or so female warriors and other cover forces attracted the main enemy forces through the city, causing the large forces to be diverted. After the fall of Linze City, they retreated to Xiguanlou and insisted on fighting for two days and nights, killing and injuring many enemies. The enemy attacked the building many times, but failed to capture it, and the bandits fiercely set up firewood and burned the Xiguan Tower.
To this day, Linze County still has the story of "five female Red Army guards the heroic martyrdom of Xiguanlou".
Horse Army cavalry
Tragic end!
After a bloody battle in Gaotai, Linze and other places, the Western Route Army was severely damaged and once again broke through to the south into the Qilian Mountains.
The enemy's cavalry pursued them relentlessly, and the Red Army fought fiercely with the enemy along the way, and many female fighters sacrificed their young lives in the battle.
On March 14, 1937, only about 3,000 people remained in the Western Route Army entered the vicinity of Qilian Mountain and held its last meeting.
The meeting decided to disperse the operations and divide the existing Red Army personnel into three detachments to disperse the guerrilla attack in the deep mountainous areas.
1. Li Xiannian and Cheng Shicai led more than 1,000 people from the remnants of the Red Thirty Army to form a detachment and move south from Shiwo to carry out guerrilla warfare in the Qilian Mountains.
2. Wang Shusheng, Zhu Liangcai, and others led the Red Ninth Army and the remnants of the Red Fifth Army as a detachment to move north of Shiwo and fight guerrillas along the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains.
3. Zhang Rong led the 15th Regiment of the Red Army and more than 1,000 other people as a detachment to disperse and carry out guerrilla activities.
4. The headquarters of the Western Route Army decided to gather the remaining three hundred or so female fighters together and reorganize the women's independent regiment to contain the enemy and cover the movements of the main forces.
That night, hundreds of female warriors broke through along a dangerous road behind Shiwo Mountain, where the enemy's defense was weak.
The slope is steep in dark and it is easy to fall off the cliff. The female warriors untied their straps, tied them into ropes, and tied them to the trunks of trees on the edge of the cliff, and one by one the female warriors pulled the ropes down the mountain, and many exhausted female warriors still unfortunately fell into the valley or fell behind.
Their actions did attract a part of the enemy's forces, and the horse bandit cavalry surrounded them.
When the enemy approached, the female warriors all participated in the battle, those with knives and guns used knives and guns, those without knives and guns were smashed with stones, and even some female warriors bit with their teeth, grabbed with their hands, and kicked with their feet, and some female warriors grabbed the enemy and rolled down the cliff, and they all died.
The soldiers of the Women's Independent Regiment can be described as heroic and tenacious, and they can sing and cry!
Wu Fulian, political commissar of the Women's Independent League, led a part of the female fighters to hold on to a hill and repeatedly repelled the enemy's attacks, but because the lone army was helpless, the bullets were also exhausted, and most of the female soldiers of the Red Army died in a heroic column, and Wu Fulian was captured and martyred.
Another female warrior of the Female Independent Regiment broke through the enemy's encirclement and moved to the frozen mountain where the snow had been plentiful all year round.
The desolate Qilian Mountains are full of ice peaks and snow ridges, deep ditches and old forests, and the female warriors braved the cold of minus 20 or 30 degrees, stepped on the ice and snow, endured the torture of hunger, crossed the mountains, and tossed among the Qilian Mountains.
At night, the temperature in the primeval forest dropped to about minus 40 degrees, and the female warriors with broken clothes and shoes were hungry and cold, and in the torment of cold and hunger, some female warriors fell, and the rest of the female warriors decided to light a campfire to keep out the cold.
Unexpectedly, the fireworks attracted the enemy who "pursued and suppressed", and although the female fighters stubbornly resisted, they were outnumbered and the entire army was destroyed.
The Women's Independent Regiment, which had made great achievements in battle, ended her tragic and magnificent journey.
Women's Independent Regiment
End.
The Women's Independence Regiment was eventually completely destroyed, and most of them were either killed in battle, or unfortunately captured, humiliated, or missing.
The brutality of the "Ma Family Army" and the torture of the female soldiers of the captured women's independent regiment?
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