There were two financial experts in the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, one was Mao Zemin, the eldest brother of Mao Zedong, who was the governor of the Central Bank of the Central Soviet Region and was recognized as a master of financial management. Unfortunately, on September 27, 1943, Mao Zemin was secretly killed in Xinjiang by the perfidious Sheng Shicai at the age of 47.
Mao Zemin
The other is the protagonist of this article - Zheng Yizhai, a famous "red financial expert", the chairman of the financial and economic committee of the Eyu-Anhui Soviet District, the Red Fourth Front, and the Western Route Army, the president of the bank, and the minister of general supply, who died under the Qilian Mountains in 1937 at the age of 36.
Zheng Yizhai
Zheng Yizhai (1901-1937) was a native of Xuchang, Henan. He went to private school, worked as an apprentice in a grocery store, participated in the "February 7" strike in 1923, and later took advantage of the opportunity of working as a ticket inspector on the railway to help the party organization secretly transport various items along the railway line, and was recruited as a communist party member with loyalty and tenacity.
In Shanghai, he served as the manager of the "Yizhai Qianzhuang" that funded the activities of the party organization, so he changed his original name from Deng Shaowen to Zheng Yizhai.
In 1931, due to the arrest and rebellion of Gu Shunzhang and Xiang Zhongfa, the leading organs of the Shanghai Central Committee were greatly damaged. Zheng Yizhai left Shanghai in the spring of 1932 and came to work in the Eyu-Anhui Su District.
He served as chairman of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Democratic Government of the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region, president of the bank, manager of the Red Fourth Front, and director of the Arsenal and The Mint.
After the Red Fourth Front entered Sichuan, he served as the chairman of the Finance Committee of the Sichuan and Shaanxi Provincial Governments, the president of the bank, and the director of the general supply of the Red Fourth Front.
He is an excellent leader and organizer of the logistics work of the Red Fourth Front, and an excellent red financial expert.
In April 1934, in Tongjiang County, Sichuan, Zheng Yizhai married Yang Wenju, a female Red Army soldier.
Yang Wenju, born in 1913 in Daxian County, Sichuan, joined the revolution in 1928 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1930. She was a rare intellectual in the Red Army, and she had served as the women's minister of the Daxian County Party Committee, and later transferred to the General Supply Department of the Red Fourth Front army as the chief of the custody section.
Their wedding was simple, very simple, and did not cost a copper plate in the public house. He was wearing a military uniform issued by the troops, and he ate soba gnocchi set on the recipe of the gang room that night. At that time, the general supply department had a large number of materials in the warehouse, hundreds of silk and satin horses, food and sideline food, meat, fish and eggs were very rich, but Minister Zheng guarded the gold and silver warehouse and never used the penny privately.
In the spring of 1934, Zheng Yizhai was suffering from malaria and sweating, and the guards went to the quartermaster section according to the regulations to get him a shirt and shirt. Zheng Yizhai resolutely refused to wear them, saying that the clothes were public property, and no one was allowed to use them if they were not issued.
After half a month of being sick and swinging this time, Yang Wenju saw that he was weak and wanted to go to the custody department to receive a canned meat for him to eat, and he said one after another: "Can't eat, can't eat, that's for the wounded and sick comrades in front!" ”
Luo Ronghuan and Lin Yueqin
Zheng Yizhai not only strictly disciplines himself in life, but also dares to be responsible for people and things.
Female Red Army Lin Yueqin is a native of Jinzhai, Anhui Province, who was sent to the labor camp because she was born in a small merchant family and was mistakenly classified as a landlord, and she was dismissed when the Red Army was transferred, but Lin Yueqin was determined not to leave the Red Army, and followed her all the way to the Sichuan-Shaanxi base area and served as a foreign Red Army for several months.
After Zheng Yizhai learned about the situation, he boldly appointed her as the commander of the newly formed women's engineer battalion, and Lin Yueqin was also diligent in her work, leading the engineer battalion to play an important role in the logistics front.
It was also with the support and help of Zheng Yizhai that Lin Yueqin, who returned to the Red Army, gradually grew into a female cadre of the Red Army, fortunately she did not join the Western Route Army, but followed the General Health Department of the Red Army to Yan'an, married the later marshal Luo Ronghuan, and the two had a deep affection.
In October 1936, the Western Route Army led the Red Fifth Army, the Red Ninth Army, and the Red Thirty Army, a total of about 21,000 people to cross the Yellow River in the west and march into the Hexi Corridor.
The Military and Political Committee of the Western Route Army is composed of eleven people, including Chen Changhao, Xu Xiangqian, Zeng Chuanliu, Li Te, Li Zhuoran, Xiong Guobing, Yang Keming, Wang Shusheng, Li Xiannian, Chen Haisong, and Zheng Yizhai.
On January 20, 1937, Ma Jiajun conquered Gaotai, and Dong Zhentang, commander of the Fifth Red Army, Yang Keming, director of the Political Department, and others were killed, and the Fifth Red Army was almost completely destroyed.
The enemy also surrounded the county seat of Linze with great momentum, and the highest commander in the city at that time was Zheng Yizhai, the head of the General Supply Department, and the heavy troops stationed in the city, the small arsenals that could make grenades, the hospitals, and the various units of the General Supply Department, except for the guard company, were all cadres, miscellaneous personnel, and hundreds of female comrades who lacked actual combat experience.
Zheng Yizhai was not afraid of danger, and ordered Qin Jiwei, the chief of the fourth bureau, to be responsible for defending the city, and they put everyone in charge of defending the city according to the needs of unified combat, respectively, to hold all parts of the city wall.
In the midst of the smoke of gunfire, Zheng Yizhai organized the soldiers to use guns, spears, bricks, and stones to block the enemy and repelled many of the enemy's attacks.
Ma Jiajun attacked for 3 consecutive days, killing and wounding. The Red Army also sacrificed many soldiers, and Qin Jiwei also insisted on fighting with wounds.
Qin Jiwei
At the moment of fierce fighting, Guo Xishan, commander of the 14th Division of the Red Fifth Army stationed in a village outside Linze City, defected to the enemy.
Linze City was breached, the women's regiment and organ cadres suffered heavy casualties, and many people were captured. Zheng Yizhai and Qin Jiwei led the remnants of the team to fight and walk, using the night to break through to the Ni family camp.
The Western Route Army passed north and then south, nanliugou broke through, liyuankou blocked, and the soldiers defeated Qilian Mountain.
Zheng Yizhai sat by the bushes, his burly body emaciated and his eye sockets sunken deeply.
He gathered the remaining comrades of the Supply Department and asked them to take out the gold, silver dollars, and tobacco soil that were kept separately, wrapped them in cloth in several parts, and asked Yang Wenju to sew them firmly with needles and threads, and to prepare to send them to the General Headquarters when they went to the headquarters for a meeting the next day, and distributed them to the departments before the troops dispersed and guerrilla attacked.
That night, by the campfire, Zheng Yizhai and Yang Wenju were full of thoughts and did not sleep.
At this time, Yang Wenju was 8 months pregnant, with limited mobility and special need of care.
Their first child was born at the beginning of the Long March, and because it was difficult to carry and raise them because of the marching and fighting, they were painfully raised by a peasant, and they did not know whether they would live or die.
Now this is the second child, in the ice and snow of war, hunger and cold, do not know the fate of the fate?
Yang Wen Bureau
Zheng Yizhai instructed Yang Wenju: "We are ready to sacrifice at any time, if I sacrifice, you give birth to a child, whether male or female, you must find a way to pull adults and inherit our cause..."
Yang Wenju listened, couldn't hold back any longer, and sobbed in a low voice.
Zheng Yizhai reluctantly smiled and tried to comfort her: "What I just said is the worst idea, we will rush out... You and I are both members of the Communist Party, so we must stand up and be strong. It doesn't matter if you fall, get up and do it again. ”
At dawn the next day, Zheng Yizhai bid farewell to his wife Yang Wenju and led more than a dozen guard soldiers to the headquarters with gold and silver.
As soon as they came down the mountain, they encountered Ma Jiajun, they fought and retreated, Zheng Yizhai was shot and fell off his horse, the guards Xiao Zhang and Xiao Zeng wanted to help him get on the horse, in order not to let the funds fall into the hands of the enemy, he immediately made a decision, ordered Xiao Zhang to rush out on horseback, handed over the gold to the head of the headquarters, and they covered.
Xiao Zhang left with tears in his eyes and rode out of the siege.
Surrounded by the enemy, Zheng Yizhai was unyielding in death, and was slashed and killed by the enemy with a saber, and died heroically.
The soldiers who broke out also successfully delivered gold and other items to Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao, and also provided funds for the scattered breakthrough teams in the Shiwo Conference, and provided strong support for them to break through and return to the troops.
After the death of her husband Zheng Yizhai, Yang Wenju was 8 months pregnant and was captured by horse bandits in the Qilian Mountains. In the prisoner camp during the escort process, Yang Wenju gave birth to his son Zheng Menghai, and the enemy felt troublesome and abandoned the mother and son in the wild.
At the beginning of 1938, when the weather was freezing and dripping into ice, Yang Wenju and her young son were exiled to the Gobi Desert, and in order to prevent their children from freezing and starving, she married a cobbler and followed him to live in a remote village with Han and Tibetan mixed living in the mountains.
After some time, she heard that the party had set up an office of the Eighth Route Army in Lanzhou, and she was determined to go to Lanzhou. However, several times he ran away with the children and was chased back by the cobblers.
In 1949, when the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yellow River into the Hexi Corridor, Yang Wenju heard the news, immediately took a 12-year-old child, with the help of a Tibetan woman, rode a donkey, crossed the mountains and mountains to find troops in Wuwei, and after 12 years, finally returned to the embrace of the party.
In 1953, Comrade Kang Keqing, who had worked with Yang Wenju in the Red Fourth Front, tried every means to find her and transferred her to work in the Children's Department of the All-China Women's Federation. Later, Yang Wenju took the initiative to ask to return to qilian mountain to work, and served as the director of the provincial labor reform bureau's freshman clothing factory in Jiuquan.
Marshal Zhu De and his wife Kang Keqing
In 1958, When Mr. Zhu and Kang Keqing inspected the work in Jiuquan, Chairman Zhu De received Yang Wenju in a cordial manner at the hotel where he was staying.
In 1981, Wei Traditional, a veteran of the Red Fourth Front, a fellow of Daxian County, and former president of the People's Liberation Army Academy of Arts, wrote a poem to Yang Wenju: "Life and death are not general, read the vicissitudes and ponder deeply; the survivors still have more ambitions, and comfort the nine spring martyrs." ”
Wei traditional general
In May 1999, Yang Wenju died in Xi'an at the age of 86, completing her bumpy and legendary life.