In the early days of the Republic of China, in the northwestern Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai regions, several powerful local armed forces gathered. Because their leaders are all Hui ma surnames in Hezhou, Gansu, they are also known as "Northwest Pack Horses".
In the late 1940s, Ma Bufang was the strongest of the "Northwest Gunma", so he was also known as the "Emperor of The Earth" of Qinghai. So, what kind of person is this Ma Bufang? Let's take a brief look at him!
Ma Bufang, born in 1903, joined the Ninghai Officer Training Corps in his early years, and after graduating, he followed his brother Ma Buqing to join the Qinghai local military group led by his father Ma Qi and uncle Ma Lin. It is worth mentioning that Ma Bufang's family was the largest family in Qinghai during the Republic of China period.
However, to talk about the history of the Ma Bufang family, we have to start from his grandfather Ma Haiyan. The Ma family's ancestors had been farming for a living for generations, but it was only in the Ma Haiyan generation that they began to join the army. In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, because Ma Haiyan had made a military contribution to helping the Qing government suppress the "rebellion", he was subsequently awarded the post of chief soldier by Empress Dowager Cixi. Ma Bufang's father, Ma Qi, followed his father Ma Haiyan as a martial artist to the Horse Team in Hezhou Town, and climbed to a high position step by step.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912 and the founding of the Republic of China, Ma Qi was awarded the post of Commander-in-Chief of Xining Town, and in 1930 he was appointed by the Nationalist government as the chairman of Qinghai Province. During Ma Qi's reign in Qinghai, the Ma family can be described as unlimited scenery and explosive power. As for people like Ma Buqing and Ma Lin, they are also big figures who hold military power.
The following year, Ma Buqing succeeded Ma Lin as commander of the Gansu Provisional Cavalry Division, thus controlling the Hexi region for more than a decade. As for how Ma Bufang rose, in the author's opinion, in addition to the display of personal ability, it also has a lot to do with his good at greeting and flattering.
For example, once Chiang Kai-shek went to the northwest region to inspect and wanted to hold a meeting with local military and political leaders, it was the main day of the ma, and when it was time for the gathering ceremony, Ma Buqing and Ma Lin got up to bid farewell to old Chiang Kai-shek. Old Jiang smiled and said, "You go, it doesn't matter, the prayer is important!" But Ma Bufang sat in his seat and did not leave. Chiang Kai-shek asked incomprehensibly, "Zixiang, why don't you go?" Ma Bufang immediately stood up and replied, "Report to the committee, I have already dedicated everything to the party-state!" Chiang Kai-shek immediately admired him.
In 1934, Ma Bufang was appointed commander of the newly organized Second Army, and two years later he was awarded the acting chairman of the Qinghai Provincial Government, and concurrently served as the "Commander of the Second Defense Zone of the Northwest Suppression Bandits".
In October 1936, Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang led their troops to pursue our Western Route Army in Hexi, Gansu Province, which lasted for seven months and caused great losses to our Western Route Army. According to records, in the Zhangye generation alone, more than 3,000 western route army prisoners were brutally killed by Ma Bufang, and even more than a few were killed by various tortures.
The most hateful thing is that after Ma Bufang captured the female warriors of the Western Route Army, if she had a posture, she would be insulted by him, and then assigned to her subordinates as wives and concubines or concubines. It can be said to be extremely cruel. It is worth mentioning that among the female warriors he captured, there were also his nieces and granddaughters, but even so, they were not caught by his claws.
After this battle, chiang kai-shek, in order to reward him, also specially awarded him the Order of Yunli, and expanded his first cavalry division to the fifth cavalry army, and handed it over to Ma Buqing as the commander. As for Ma Bufang, in 1938, he was appointed chairman of the Qinghai Provincial Government and chairman of the Qinghai Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang, and established The Political Agent of Lao Jiang in Qinghai, and it was at this time that Ma Bufang also officially ascended to the throne of the "King of Qinghai".
In 1949, our First Field Army launched the "Lanzhou Campaign"; on August 26 of the same year, Ma Bufang, who had been declared liberated by the Kuomintang for the Jincheng Tangchi, claimed to be the "King of the Northwest", took a large number of her aunts and wives to flee on Chennault's civil aviation brigade plane on August 27.
Among the group of wives and concubines that Ma Bufang brought out of Qinghai, the seventh was his cousin's daughter, his cousin's niece, named Ma Yuelan. At this time, Ma Yuelan was only twenty years old, which could be described as the age of prosperity. However, Ma Bufang was not satisfied with this, he also targeted Ma Yuelan's mother and two younger sisters, and asked Ma Yuelan to write to them and let them come and live together.
Ma Yuelan was very angry at Ma Bufang's behavior and resolutely refused Ma Bufang's shameless request, but in the end he was indeed brutally scolded. At that time, Ma Yuelan was preparing to flee to find a Taiwanese diplomat in Saudi Arabia for help, but she was unexpectedly discovered by Ma Bufang. However, after this, Ma Bufang's ugly face was also exposed, and in the end, Ma Bufang could only hide in the mansion to spend time. On July 31, 1975, the evil Ma Bufangke died in Saudi Arabia at the age of 73.
brief summary:
The Ma Bufang family ruled Qinghai for 40 years, of which Ma Bufang was the most fierce, cruel and absurd. He held the power of life and death in Qinghai, at that time, his words were the law, as long as it was for people he did not like, he wanted to kill, without hesitation, without any worries. In addition, Ma Bufang's absurdity is also extremely rare in the upper echelons of the Kuomintang.
In addition, in order to satisfy his own desires, his wives and daughters, his own sisters, nieces, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, sisters-in-law, etc. can not escape his clutches. According to later complaints from hui expatriates in the Middle East to the Taiwan authorities, no less than 5,000 people, including women of han, Hui, Manchu and other ethnic groups, had been ravaged by Ma Bufang. This shows its cruelty and absurdity!
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bibliography:
1. History of the Republic of China
2. Outline of Modern Chinese History
3. "The Battle of Lanzhou: Avenging the Western Route Army, the Final Destruction of the Majia Army in the Northwest"
4. The Evil Life of Ma Bufang, "Emperor of Qinghai""