In 1979, a self-defense counterattack against Vietnam broke out. It is said that Deng Gong initially decided to let Deng Hua, who had a large army to fight, preside over the counterattack against Vietnamese self-defense, but when the war broke out, he finally let Xu Shiyou take command of the expedition to Vietnam.
So, what exactly caused Deng Gong to change his decision to let Deng Hua preside over the war against Vietnam?
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(Self-defense counterattack against Vietnam)
Why did the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam break out?
According to the analysis of the "China's Economic Response Strategy", there are two main reasons for the outbreak of the self-defense counterattack war against Vietnam:
In 1969, Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Viet Cong, who had always been pro-China, died in Hanoi, and Lai Duong subsequently became Ho Chi Minh's successor within the Viet Cong.
Compared with Ho Chi Minh's pro-China, Lê Thanh's diplomatic stance was more pro-Soviet. In the late 1950s, Sino-Soviet relations showed a trend of deterioration, which was also an important factor affecting Sino-Vietnamese relations. In 1972, Sino-US relations were normalized, and China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations on January 1, 1979. Relations between The United States and China have improved, and this has affected the uncertainty of Sino-Vietnamese relations. During His visit to the United States, Deng criticized the Soviet Union's expansion around the world, supported Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia, and joined Vietnam in proposing to establish a collective security system in Asia, which further exacerbated Vietnam's hostile attitude toward the mainland at that time.
To this end, Vietnam also made a series of foreign policy adjustments in the 1970s: after Vietnam's reunification in 1975, Vietnam began to decide to develop closer diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. The pro-China factions of the Vietnamese Party Central Committee, such as the Long March and Wu Yuanjia, were gradually suppressed and squeezed out. At the same time, Vietnam has also provoked armed conflict on the Sino-Vietnamese border, dispatched armed personnel to cross the border to harass, injure border residents, tear down boundary monuments, encroach on the border, create incidents such as Pu nyan Ling and Ting Mu Shan, and tear up the declaration that since 1958 the Dongsha Qundao, xisha qundao, Zhongsha qundao and Nansha Qundao belong to China.
The occupation of more than 96 percent of The islands of China's Spratly Islands poses a serious threat to the national sovereignty and territorial integrity of the mainland.
(Vietnamese authorities expelled overseas Chinese)
For China, Vietnam's encroachment on the China-Vietnam border in the north and cambodia in the south are a serious threat to China's peripheral security. At this time, the main pressure in China was still on the southeastern Taiwan Strait line and the Sino-Soviet border in the north. The vast number of border residents and border guards were indignant at Vietnam's increasingly anti-China treacherous behavior. In order to support Cambodia's anti-aggression struggle, Vietnam was caught in a two-front combat environment, and in order to maintain border security. The Central Military Commission is in
The meeting was held on December 7, 1978, and on the 8th, the decision and order for self-defense counterattack operations against Vietnam were issued.
With the troops of the Kunming Military Region and the Guangzhou Military Region, the Yunnan Border Defense Force and the Guangxi Border Defense Force were formed to eliminate the invading Vietnamese troops on the border.
He also conquered a series of northern Vietnamese towns, eliminated the Viet Cong's living forces in the north and carried out infrastructure destruction, and then returned home.
Fighting against Vietnam, why did he plan to send Deng Hua as commander
After the Central Military Commission held a meeting to decide on the basic plan for the war against Vietnam, the next step was to discuss who would be in charge. allegedly
Deng Gong, who was then vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army, initially decided that Deng Hua should be the commander-in-chief of the counterattack against Vietnam's self-defense, so why did Deng Gong initially let Deng Hua take this position?
On April 28, 1910, Deng Hua was born in Pifu Village, Yongning Township (present-day Lutang Township), Chenzhou (present-day Chenxian County), Hunan Province, to a family of scholars. At an early age, he attended a private school. In 1925, at the age of 15, Deng Hua went to Changsha and successively entered Yueyun Middle School and South China Law and Politics School, and participated in the patriotic student movement.
In March 1927, Deng Hua joined the Communist Party of China and officially became a member of our Party.
(Deng Hua as a young man)
In January 1928, Deng Hua participated in the Shonan Uprising, officially became a member of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and served as an organizational officer in the Political Department of the 7th Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. In April of the same year, Deng Hua followed Zhu De and Chen Yi to Jinggangshan, where he successively served as a party representative of the 6th Company of the 2nd Battalion, 33rd Regiment, 33rd Regiment, 11th Division, 4th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. In June 1934, Deng Hua, who had performed outstanding in the army, entered the Senior Command Section of the Red Army University. In October of the same year, due to the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, Deng Hua accompanied the army on the Long March. After arriving in northern Shaanxi,
Deng Hua served as the director of the political department of the 2nd Division of the Red 1st Army, the political commissar of the Red 1st Division, the political commissar of the Red 2nd Division, and participated in the battles of Zhiluo Town, the Eastern Expedition, the Western Expedition, and the Battle of Shan Castle.
In the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Deng Hua also had outstanding performances. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, Deng Hua served as the director of the Political Office of the 685th Regiment of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and participated in the Battle of Pingxingguan, which launched the famous "Pingxingguan Victory". From the winter of 1937, Deng Hua served as the political commissar of the Independent Regiment of the 115th Division, the political commissar of the 1st Sub-district of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, the commander and political commissar of the Pingxi Detachment, leading the troops to participate in the anti-"Eight-Road Siege" of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, and participated in leading the opening up of the Pingxi Anti-Japanese Base Area. From the autumn of 1941,
Deng Hua served as commander and political commissar of the 4th Sub-district of the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region and secretary of the CPC Prefectural Committee, and organized and led the military and people of the sub-district to break the "encroachment" and "sweeping" of the Japanese puppet army on many occasions.
In March 1944, Deng Hua led his troops to Yan'an and served as the political commissar of the 2nd Brigade of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Jinsui Joint Defense Army. In November, he entered the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After the outbreak of the Liberation War, Deng Hua led his troops to participate in the Battle of Xiushui Hezi and the Battle of Siping. In April 1947, Deng Hua served as the commander of the Liaoji Column of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, and in the autumn offensive operation in the northeast, he led his troops to take the initiative to attack, and within 17 days, he destroyed 3 divisions of the enemy in 5 cities of Kefaku, Zhangwu, Xinlitun, Fuxin, and Xinqiu, and was commended by the headquarters of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army. After the liaoshen campaign, Deng Hua participated in the Pingjin Campaign again, and according to the situation in the front, he put forward the proposal of monitoring Tanggu with a small number of troops and concentrating troops to attack Tianjin first, which was adopted by the Central Military Commission of the CPC and the General Front Committee of the CPC. In January 1949, Deng Hua was commissioned to command the Eastern Group and participated in the command of the liberation of Tianjin.
In May of the same year, he was appointed commander of the 15th Corps of the Fourth Field Army, leading his troops to participate in the battles of Xianggan and Guangdong.
(Deng Hua)
After the founding of New China, Deng Hua served as the first deputy commander of the Guangdong Military Region. In 1950, Deng Hua organized and commanded the Battle of Hainan Island, and carried out a large-scale sea-crossing landing operation with the strength of two armies on wooden sailing ships, breaking through and destroying the Kuomintang army's land, sea, and air "three-dimensional defense" system. In July of the same year, Deng Hua became the commander of the 13th Corps.
In October 1950, when the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea broke out, Deng Hua served as the first deputy commander and first deputy political commissar of the Chinese Volunteer Army, assisting Commander Peng Dehuai in commanding the first to fifth campaigns.
After joining the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Deng Hua served as acting commander and political commissar of the Volunteer Army in June 1952, organizing and commanding the autumn tactical counterattack operation, the Shangganling Campaign, and the 1953 summer counterattack campaign. In July 1953, after the famous Victory of the Golden City Counterattack,
Deng Hua officially served as the commander and political commissar of the Volunteer Army, and eventually promoted the signing of an armistice between China, North Korea, and the United States.
In 1955, Deng Hua was awarded the rank of general for his outstanding military achievements in the agrarian revolution, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the War of Liberation, and the Neutrality of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and was one of the few founding generals who had presided over large-scale corps operations abroad.
Why did Deng Gong change his mind and finally decide to let Xu Shiyou take command of the mountain
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Why did Deng Gong finally decide to let Xu Shiyou take command of the mountain and serve as the commander of the counterattack against the Vietnamese self-defense, instead of Deng Hua?
Here, it is necessary to add one point: In the counterattack against Vietnamese self-defense, Xu Shiyou served as the commander-in-chief of the Guangxi Border Defense Force on the Eastern Front, rather than the commander-in-chief of the entire self-defense counterattack against Vietnam. On the western front, the central government also decided to let another founding general serve as the commander-in-chief, that is, Yang Dezhi, one of the "three Yangs".
First of all, Deng Hua after 1977,
He has served as vice president of the Academy of Military Sciences and member of the Central Military Commission of our party, shouldering the double burden of military and political work.
Second, in 1979,
Deng Hua was already an old man in his late seventies, and he was physically ill, which was a factor that the Central Military Commission had to consider at that time. In 1980, a year after the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, Deng Hua died of illness at the age of 70.
(Founding General Deng Hua)
Therefore, due to the consideration of the above factors, Deng Gong finally did not let Deng Hua serve as the commander-in-chief of the counterattack against Vietnamese self-defense, but sent Xu Shiyou as the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Front of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam.
It administered the 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 54th, and 55th Armies and the 50th Army of the 149th Division, while the Western Front was under the command of Yang Dezhi, which had the 11th, 13th, and 14th Armies and the 149th Division of the 50th Army. Compared with Deng Hua, Xu Shiyou and Yang Dezhi also have one of the best combat resumes in the party.
Taking Xu Shiyou as an example, Xu Shiyou also participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea after the founding of New China and had rich experience in overseas operations. In 1953, Xu Shiyou participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and served as the commander of the 3rd Corps of the Chinese Volunteer Army.
Like Deng Hua, he participated in the summer counterattack operation. It is said that Xu Shiyou was the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Front in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, which was recommended by Deng Hua.
Yang Dezhi's participation in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was even earlier, in February 1951, when he served as the commander of the 19th Corps of the Chinese Volunteer Army, leading his troops to participate in the Fifth Campaign and the Autumn Defensive Operation.
From the summer of 1952, Yang Dezhi served as the deputy commander and commander of the Volunteer Army, and participated in the command of the Battle of Shangganling on the Korean battlefield.
(Xu Shiyou and Yang Dezhi)
Why did the Central Military Commission not hesitate to send two founding generals in the 1979 self-defense counterattack against Vietnam? According to the viewpoint of the 50th issue of the NetEase Military Parade, it is mainly because the People's Liberation Army has not fought a major battle for more than a decade since the 1962 self-defense counterattack against India, so the Central Military Commission decided to kill chickens with more blows and less attacks. And what is the final result of this "killing chicken with a cattle knife"? According to the relevant data released by Sina.com,
In 1979, in the self-defense counterattack operation against Vietnam, the people's liberation army of the Chinese advanced 30-50 kilometers in the north of Vietnam on the east-west front.
Up to 100 km. It recovered the Areas of Pu nian Ling and Ting Mui Mountain, chinese territories occupied by the Vietnamese Army, and annihilated the enemy in total
57,152 people, 916 guns of various kinds, 16,062 guns and bazookas of various kinds, 40 grenade launchers, 236 cars, 817 Soviet-made anti-tank missiles, and 22 missiles were seized.
It is said that Deng Hua, who heard about the final combat results of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, although he did not take command of the front line in this war, he still said to his family:
"Write it down: thank you Vice Chairman Ye, thank you Vice Chairman Deng ... Thank you to the party for not forgetting me as a veteran. On July 3, 1980, Deng Hua died of illness in Shanghai at the age of 70.
For the party and the country, Deng Hua's death is a major loss, and every soldier who fought alongside Deng Hua and admired his Sons and Daughters of China are deeply saddened by his departure.
How should we evaluate Deng Hua's life? In Peng Dehuai's eyes, "Deng Hua is knowledgeable, very intelligent, has a vision to consider problems, and is also relatively thoughtful, he is brave in battle, careful, comes up with good ideas, and is a good helper." According to Xinhua's comments, Deng Huawei struggled for the cause of communism for more than fifty years. He is loyal to the party, loyal to the people, resolutely implements the party's correct line, is an excellent member of the Communist Party of China, and is an excellent leader and military commander of the people's liberation army in Chinese.
Deng Hua's life was a life of revolution, a life of fighting, a life of arduous struggle, and a life of wholehearted service to the people.