In the 1970s, after Vietnam won the war against the United States, it quickly changed from a righteous side defending its country to an aggressor country. With the support of the Soviet Union, Vietnam occupied Cambodia and attacked the southern border of the mainland. However, china had not conducted a large-scale operation for more than 10 years before making a self-defensive counterattack against Vietnam. In the face of the dilemma of defending the country and domestic stability, it was Chen Yun's words that ultimately influenced Deng Gong's decision to send troops. So, how exactly did Chen Yun persuade Deng Gong? How did the war against Vietnam affect the history of the mainland?
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After defeating the United States, why did the dragon slayer transform into a dragon?
In 1965, the Johnson administration of the United States brazenly launched an eight-year war of aggression against Vietnam in disregard of international calls for peace.
The Vietnamese military and civilians fought back, eventually costing the United States as many as 58,315 soldiers in their lives and expelling the United States and the South Vietnamese regime it had fostered out of Indochina.
In Vietnam's war against the United States, China also played an immeasurable role. Vietnam is a neighbor of the mainland, adhering to the principle of "cold lips and dead teeth", China does not care about its own domestic situation.
It assisted Vietnam with 5 million tons of grain, 2 million tons of oil, 3,500 cars and other materials, totaling 4.26 billion yuan at that time.
However, after China helped Vietnam win the war of anti-aggression. Vietnam suddenly turned its gun and began to invade Cambodia, Laos and other neighboring countries.
Even the knife and war on the Chinese border have become the "most hated appearance" of the past. So, why is that?
(North Vietnamese soldiers in the Vietnam War)
In fact, this has a lot to do with regime change within Vietnam and the involvement of the Soviet Union. In the early days of the Vietnam War, Ho Chi Minh was the main leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
However, in 1969, Ho Chi Minh died of illness and Lai Duong became the leader of the Viet Cong. Compared with Ho Chi Minh's "pro-China", Li Sung was more willing to be "pro-Soviet".
But in the 1970s, it was the culmination of the conflict between China and the Soviet Union, and after the Battle of Zhenbao Island in 1969, the Soviet Union displayed heavy troops on the northeast border of the mainland and carried out a "surgical" nuclear strike on the mainland.
At this time, Li Sun chose to be pro-Soviet, which created a gap between China and Vietnam.
The Brezhnev government of the Soviet Union, seeing Lê Duần's tendency to "abandon China and pro-Soviet", also intended to support Vietnam. Therefore, at the behest of the Soviet Union, after Vietnam completely expelled the US military, it used the pretext of "national liberation" and "establishment of the Federation of Indochina".
It began with the successful occupation of Laos by 50,000 troops in 1977, and the invasion of Cambodia on December 25, 1978 with an army of 200,000
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There are several cities in Lanka Cambodia.
Although Vietnam's move was called "independent liberation", in fact, long before the troops were dispatched, Lê Thanh gave Vietnam's concession of Cam Ranh Port to the Soviet Union in exchange for Soviet military equipment and diplomatic support.
Vietnam, which used to resist U.S. aggression, has long since become a thug hired by another country.
(Vietnam invades Cambodia)
However, although Laos and Cambodia once completely fell into the hands of Vietnam and were actually controlled by Vietnam, Lê Doện did not announce the diplomatic annexation of the two countries from beginning to end, fully realizing his ambitions - this is because he was still jealous of China's existence when Lê Doễn sent troops.
Whether to send troops or not became a difficult problem, and Chen Yun's words made Deng Gong make a decision
The series of small actions made by Vietnam to its neighbors are all seen and remembered by China. China is a peace-loving country, and when Vietnam fought back against U.S. aggression, Chinese supported the Vietnamese people's cause of independence even by tightening their belts. And now I see that Vietnam is fighting against the comrades who used to resist aggression with him,
China immediately terminated its aid to Vietnam as a warning in July 1978.
However, instead of learning from this, Vietnam invaded Cambodia on a large scale and harassed the southern border of the mainland, which brought great trouble to the security of the mainland border. meantime
At this time, Cambodian leader Pol Pot also appealed to China for help, hoping that China could send troops to stop Vietnam's aggression against other countries.
At this time, however, Deng Gong still had doubts about whether China would send troops.
On December 22, 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee announcing reform and opening up had just come to an end.
This indicates that China will shift the focus of its work to economic construction in the next few years, and if it rushes to send troops at this time, it will inevitably shake the hard-won domestic economic construction environment. In addition, the external environment facing China is also an issue that needs to be considered, although it has been nearly 10 years since the Zhenbao Island incident.
However, the Soviet Union still has heavy troops on the northeast border of the mainland, and if China sends troops to Vietnam, it is difficult to ensure that the Soviet Union does not put pressure on China in the north.
(The scene of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee held by the state)
After several hesitations, Deng Gong decided to gather the veteran generals who had experienced hundreds of battles and planned to discuss the invasion of Vietnam. thereinto
Su Yu, Ye Jianying and others expressed their opposition to the dispatch of troops, and the two believed that Vietnam was not enough to be afraid, and the key was the Soviet Union in the north.
The Chinese military is not yet fully prepared for a possible Soviet intervention at this time. However, Chen Yun put forward a completely different view. He believes that although the Soviet Union had heavy troops in northeast China at that time, its center of gravity was still in Europe, and in 1979, the Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan, even if the Soviet Union was strong, it was impossible to carry out three-front operations in Afghanistan, Vietnam, and northeast China. Even if the Soviet Union intervened in China's military intervention, it would take about a month to mobilize troops.
Therefore, Chen Yun advocated that the war against Vietnam could be fought" but needed to be "quickly fought and decided."
In the end, Chen Yun's words encouraged Deng Gong and made Deng Gong finally make the decision to send troops. Therefore, at the call of the Central Military Commission, the 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 54th, and 55th Armies formed the Eastern Front Army, and the 11th, 13th, and 14th Armies formed the Western Front Army, and the troops attacked Vietnam in two ways.
Among them, Xu Shiyou, who was the commander of the Guangzhou Military Region at that time, served as the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Front Army, while Yang Dezhi, who had been a military adviser in Vietnam and was familiar with Vietnamese tactics, served as the commander-in-chief of the Western Front Army.
After China's southern border troops were fully prepared, the Shenyang Military Region, Beijing Military Region, Lanzhou Military Region, and Xinjiang Military Region in the north of the mainland were also waiting in a tight position, ready to deal with the Soviet offensive, and the navy in the South China Sea was also fully mobilized to avoid the soviet-Vietnamese combined fleet from invading the mainland's Paracel Islands and destroying the mainland's offshore oil platforms and ports.
(Yang Dezhi, commander-in-chief of the Western Front)
In order to provide good international environmental conditions for the self-defense and counterattack war against Vietnam, Deng Gong also actively carried out diplomatic activities with the United States and Japan.
In January 1979, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations, and China revealed to the United States its plans to send troops to Vietnam.
At the same time, Deng Gong also visited Japan, saying that China and the United States had reached a consensus and hoped that when the Japanese side was engaged in war with Vietnam, the Japanese side would not give any assistance to Vietnam, and Japan also expressed its support at that time.
Everything is ready, only the east wind is owed. At this time, Vietnam, unaware of China's military plan, was still in the dark, and continued to attack Cambodia and conquer Phnom Penh on a large scale, while still not stopping the harassment of the southern border of the mainland. In February 1979, Deng Gong said a famous quip:
"Kids don't listen and want to spank."
At the same time, the People's Daily published an article on the day that the Chinese People's Liberation Army went to the Sino-Vietnamese border.
The title is "Tolerable, Tolerable", marking China's official counterattack against Vietnam.
(People's Daily published an article entitled "Tolerable, Intolerable")
The two long-prepared eastern and western armies quickly marched after receiving orders. The war lasted less than ten days, and the Eastern Front Group Army, commanded by Xu Shiyou, conquered Gaoping and Tongdeng.
The Western Front Group Army commanded by Yang Dezhi was not inferior, conquering Lao Jie and Citrus Pond, and pushing the front line 20-50 kilometers to the Vietnamese border in total.
At this time, the Vietnamese heavy troops were still continuing to attack Cambodia, and he relied on the support of the Soviet Union to fake the tiger, but he never expected that China would dare to really send troops!
By March 5, however, Platan had penetrated 40 kilometers of Vietnam's border and conquered Lang Son, the northern gateway to Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Bypass Lang Son and Vietnam will no longer be safe to defend.
Seeing that the situation was not good, Lê Sun quickly transferred the troops attacking Cambodia back to the Hanoi area and launched a national mobilization order.
At this time, however, China's strategic goal of punishing Vietnam's aggressive behavior had been achieved, and at the same time, Vietnam's request for help from the Soviet Union had begun to increase troops on China's northern border. So the Chinese side decided to retreat unexpectedly when Vietnam was panicking. So they began to fight and retreat under the cover of the troops, and blew up the factories used for military production in North Vietnam in the middle of the way, so as to destroy the Vietnamese military industry and reduce the possibility of its invasion of other countries.
Finally, on the night of March 15, the last batch of PLA victory squads stationed in Vietnam won the victory in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam.
After the victory in the Battle against Vietnam, Sino-Vietnamese relations were bumpy and the international situation suddenly changed
However, after the victory of the Chinese counterattack against Vietnam, it does not mean the end of the contest between China and Vietnam. Since 1979, China and Vietnam have entered a state of hostility for nearly 10 years. Although Vietnam has not carried out large-scale attacks on China's borders and neighboring countries,
However, they have repeatedly provoked our army on the islands in the South China Sea and in the border areas of Yunnan, but they have all been successfully repelled by our army.
The 1979 war of counterattack against Vietnam undoubtedly had a far-reaching impact on China. After this battle, China dealt a heavy blow to the arrogant and aggressive arrogance of the Vietnamese Government of Le Son.
It avoids the situation in which China was "caught between the north and the south" by the Soviet Union at the time of Sino-Soviet hostility, and also provided a good environment for China's reform, opening up and economic development.
At the same time, the Chinese and Vietnamese soldiers, who were also familiar with guerrilla tactics and in-depth tactics in this campaign, carried out a real-knife and real-gun contest, which also sharpened the Chinese army.
(Vietnamese captured by the People's Liberation Army)
For Vietnam, China's troops were a complete surprise to it. After China won the victory in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, Although Vietnam continued to occupy Laos and Cambodia for a long time, it did not annex them from beginning to end, and finally announced the withdrawal of troops from the two countries in the 1990s. After the campaign, Vietnam also soberly realized the gap between China and China. In 1991, Sino-Vietnamese relations were normalized and peace and friendship returned to peace and friendship between the two countries.
At the same time, Vietnam, which had abandoned military expansion, eventually gained the understanding of neighboring countries and eventually absorbed Vietnam as a member of the ASEAN member state.
Vietnam's supporter, the Soviet Union, was probably the biggest loser in China's counterattack against Vietnam. The Original Intention of the Soviet Union was to let Vietnam contain China in the south, thus forming a north-south attack on China. Unexpectedly, Vietnam, who stole from China to learn guerrilla tactics and at the same time had Soviet equipment,
In the end, it was defeated in the hands of China, and the Soviet Union's move of supporting Vietnam lost its meaning.
Because the Soviet Union acquiesced to Vietnam's invasion of Laos and Cambodia, this made the Soviet Union more isolated by the international community in the late 1980s, which became one of the important reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union.
China's victory in the war of counterattack against Vietnam, and the ultimate fate of Vietnam and the Soviet Union, reveals to us:
No matter when or what country, hegemonism will never be popular
。 Countries that invade other countries will eventually swallow the bitter fruit they brew. In the future, China will defend peace with firmer determination and walk on the road of win-win cooperation with other countries.