Vietnam is the country with the deepest ties to china, and it is also a country in the Han cultural circle, but there was a war more than 40 years ago, and China and Vietnam have had contradictions since then. Although Vietnam is now good friends with China, there are still territorial disputes between China and Vietnam.
A reference was made to the contradictions between China and Vietnam. In 1979, the matter of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam could not be circumvented in any way. So why did this war happen? The main reason is that Vietnam was too desperate at the time, and it was oblivious after winning the war with the United States. Moreover, at the instigation of the Soviet Union, it was an enemy of China.
1. Vietnamese ambitions
During the Vietnam War, China provided free aid to Vietnam, providing Vietnam with weapons and equipment, and even food, and even gave priority to Vietnam in the development of the latest weapons. But Vietnam not only did not repay the favor, but began to confront China. No wonder there are articles on the Internet calling Vietnam a "white-eyed wolf" country, which is actually very appropriate. Another country is Albania.
Vietnam is dissatisfied with China, there is one thing that needs to be said. On February 21, 1972, when then-US President Richard Nixon visited China, China and the United States issued the Shanghai Joint Communiqué, after which the United States began to withdraw its troops from Vietnam.
In fact, the improvement of Sino-US relations is a major strategy decided by China according to the situation at that time, and has nothing to do with Vietnam. Moreover, after the improvement of Sino-US relations, it has also accelerated the withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam, and Vietnam should thank China. Instead of thanking, Vietnam resented China. In particular, Vietnam's then-leader, Le Son, was very unhappy with China's engagement with the United States. But he did not see that the reunification of Vietnam and the end of the Vietnam War were directly related to the improvement of Sino-US relations. Li Sun actually believed that the approaching of Sino-US relations was a "betrayal of revolutionary friendship" between China and Vietnam. Vietnam thinks that the pattern is too small, and it is also related to the anti-China campaign of the then leader Le Son.
Li Sun is a suspicious person, China's assistance to Vietnam is huge, he is not grateful, even think that China is unreliable, but also believe that Sino-US friendship is a threat to Vietnam. He also created an uneasy atmosphere among the Vietnamese high-level from The Historical Sources of China and Vietnam, and encouraged Vietnamese politicians to oppose China.
At that time, after Vietnam defeated the United States, it was even more inflated, believing that the world was invincible, and also proposed the establishment of the "Indochina Federation", that is, the annexation of Laos and Cambodia, and the establishment of a federation by the three countries. Vietnam's reason is speechless, because the three countries were once French colonies, and the cultural traditions are the same, and the three countries of Vietnam and Cambodia have also fought against France together, so the three countries of Vietnam and Cambodia should be merged. But when Lê Sun raised this ambition, Laos and Cambodia were both sovereign and independent states. Therefore, Vietnam decided to take military action to annex Lao Cambodia.
China is of course opposed to Vietnam's ambitions. China's opposition also made Vietnam dissatisfied with China and wanted to secretly occupy Lao Cambodia.
Historically, Vietnam, as a vassal state of the Central Plains Dynasty, has always been disobedient, and even had wars with the Central Plains Dynasty. Now, after Vietnam won the Vietnam War, its ambitions have swelled to extremes, and it has not taken China's reminder seriously.
But Vietnam, in order to confront China, found an ally, and this ally was the Soviet Union.
Why look for the SOVIET UNION?
Originally, the Soviet-Vietnamese relations were very good, but the Sino-Soviet relations have always been tense, which gave Vietnam the opportunity to realize its ambitions.
2. Soviet attempts
The Soviet Union was pleased that Vietnam had turned to the Soviet Union to help it realize its ambitions. Because the Soviet Union also had its own intentions.
The leader of the Soviet Union at the time was Brezhnev, who came to power at the height of the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union and the United States competed for supremacy around the world. The Soviet Union intervened in the internal affairs of some countries and established military bases, while there was almost a war with China.
In 1969, after the Zhenbao Island incident, Sino-Soviet relations completely deteriorated, and the Soviet Union even deployed a million troops on the border to prepare for a war with China. China was also constantly vigilant in response to the Soviet threat.
When Brezhnev received a request for help from Li Sun, he suddenly realized that the Soviet Union should expand its power into the South Pacific. Vietnam, on the other hand, gave the Soviet Union a chance.
Beginning in the 1960s, the Soviet Union wanted to move south into the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Soviet Union had two routes southward: one was in the South Pacific, and the other was from Afghanistan to the Indian Ocean via India. However, due to the heavy defense of the United States in the Western Pacific region, the Soviet Union could not easily pass.
The Soviet Union thought it could use Vietnam as a springboard to further compete with the United States in Southeast Asia and to suppress China in the north.
What excites the Soviet Union the most is the Base of Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam, if it controls Cam Ranh Bay, the Soviet Union will gain a foothold in Southeast Asia, and even control an important international waterway, that is, the Strait of Malacca.
The Soviet Union was also able to use Vietnam to continue its march into the Indian Ocean, allowing it to control the waterways of the Middle East. It is also possible to suppress countries such as Australia and the Philippines.
The Soviet Union played a good calculation, believing that it could use Vietnam to enter the Indochina Peninsula and connect with India, so as to achieve the encirclement of China and even drive the United States out of the Western Pacific region.
Although Brezhnev was a medal lover, this man also had a certain strategy. He believed that the opportunity could not be missed, otherwise the Soviet Union would not be able to go south.
In fact, the Soviet Union has long discovered Vietnam's ambitions, vietnam wants to dominate Southeast Asia, and even wants to dominate Asia. The Soviet Union also understood the contradictions between China and Vietnam, and Lê tsun was dissatisfied with China. The Soviet Union decided to seize this strategic opportunity.
At that time, Sino-Cambodian relations were very good, and if Vietnam invaded Cambodia, China would inevitably intervene to stop it, and Sino-Vietnamese relations would probably deteriorate, and war was likely to occur. The Soviet Union saw a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to intervene in Southeast Asia.
3. Su-Yue collusion
During the Vietnam War, the Soviet Union provided $1.1 billion in non-reimbursable military aid to Vietnam in 1973. In 1975, after the end of the Vietnam War and the reunification of Vietnam, the Soviet Union aided another 2.5 billion rubles. At that time, Soviet-made weapons and equipment were constantly being transported to Vietnam.
After Vietnam fought the Vietnam War, it even declared itself the "third power in the world", believing that in addition to the Soviet Union and the United States, Vietnam was the strongest country.
Vietnam's expansion prompted them to launch a war of aggression against the outside world shortly after the Vietnam War. The initial invasion was in Laos. In 1977, Vietnam invaded Laos and signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation with Laos to intervene in Laos' diplomatic and military affairs.
Vietnam even considered Laos its vassal state. Vietnam's aggressive acts were also encouraged by the Soviet Union. In February 1978, Romanov, a member of the Central ZZJ of the Soviet Union, also visited Vietnam and continued to agitate for Vietnamese aggression.
At the instigation of the Soviet Union, Vietnam also continued to create incidents on China's southern border and encroach on Chinese territory. By 1976, Vietnam had provoked nearly a thousand border incidents, and by 1977 there were two thousand. It's not simply frequent anymore.
In 1978, Vietnam provoked more than 100 clashes in the Sino-Vietnamese border area, and even more than 2,000 people illegally invaded China, killing and injuring more than 300 Chinese border guards and border residents.
Lê Duần launched an anti-China incident, expelling some Chinese living in Vietnam and driving more than 280,000 Vietnamese Chinese out of Vietnam, some of whom died and some of whom struggled to reach China.
Vietnam pressed China, and soon after declared that Vietnam's enemies were China and Cambodia. Ignoring China's warnings, he even signed a friendly signing of the Soviet-Vietnamese friendship and forming a military alliance with the Soviet Union.
On December 25, 1978, Vietnam sent 250,000 troops to invade Cambodia, and in January 1979, it occupied the capital Phnom Penh and took control of Cambodia, supporting a puppet regime of Han Sam Lam. The Soviet Union took the Allies to recognize it in time. But the actual rulers in Cambodia are Vietnamese.
After Vietnam invaded Cambodia, it also clashed with Thailand. At this time, Vietnamese were experienced in fighting, and in their eyes no country was their opponent.
It was under the domination of this arrogant psychology that Vietnam thought that China would not send troops, but in the end Vietnam tasted the consequences.
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