Study Times Articles: How Chen Yun Writes Articles

Chen Yun was a proletarian revolutionary of the older generation, who had rich practice in his 70-year revolutionary career, created brilliant achievements, and left a large number of writings. The three volumes of "Selected Writings of Chen Yun" include 190 works with more than 700,000 words; the three volumes of "Chen Yun's Collected Works" include 388 articles, about 1.3 million words. His writings concentrate his thoughts and perspectives. From his large number of articles and outline manuscripts from various periods, it can be seen that although he was busy with work, he always insisted on writing articles by hand. Writing articles like his people, Chen Yun's articles also reflect the distinctive characteristics of his thoughts, style, and personality.

Face the problem head-on and clarify the ideas and viewpoints

Chen Yun's writing of articles is not simply a matter of fact, but attaches great importance to the ideological nature of the article. He is diligent in learning, good at summarizing and thinking, finding out the regularity of things, and forming unique new ideas and new views, so the articles he writes are also very thoughtful. In 1982, Chen Yun said of his manuscripts from 1949 to 1956: "In that stage, I could let go of my hands and feet, so many of my views were more fully expressed. Because we encounter problems, new views come out, and we can't get new views without encountering problems. ”

The first article included in the Selected Works of Chen Yun, "The Past and Future of the Chinese National Movement," was published in July 1926, when Chen Yun was only 21 years old and was a clerk at the Commercial Press. Taking advantage of the unique advantages of the Commercial Press, he read many books, greatly improved his ideological understanding, and established the conviction of fighting for the cause of the proletariat all his life. Standing on the high plane of the historical mission of the working class, he pointed out that "hundreds of thousands of workers with organized strength have become the vanguard of the Chinese national movement."

In May 1939, Chen Yun, then director of the Organization Department of the Central Committee, wrote an article entitled "Why Liu Ligong's Party Membership Should Be Expelled" in response to the problem that a large number of new party members had not yet developed the habit of observing discipline, and conducted in-depth discipline education for party members with specific examples of new party member Liu Ligong violating party discipline and refusing to obey organizational assignments and being expelled from the party. The article points out: "The Chinese revolution is a long-term and arduous cause, and the Communist Party and its members cannot win without the unity of will and action, without the indomitable persistence and iron discipline. ”

After the founding of New China, Chen Yun presided over financial and economic work. There is no ready-made experience to follow in socialist construction on the basis of "one poor and two whites." Chen Yun's "Notes on the First Five-Year Plan", written in June 1954, studied the issue of proportional development of the national economy, including the proportion of agriculture and industry, the proportion between light and heavy industry, the proportion between the various departments of heavy industry, the ratio between industrial development and railway transportation, the problem of the imbalance between the need for technical forces and supply, the balance between fiscal revenue and expenditure, the balance between foreign exchange, and the balance between purchasing power and commodity supply. The article states: "The law of proportional development must be observed, but the specific proportions between the various branches of production will not be the same in every country, or even in every period of a country." A country should stipulate the proportion of the plan according to its own economic situation at that time. "The mainland, because of its economic backwardness, has to catch up in a short period of time, so the planned balance is a tense balance ... But tension must not reach the point where the equilibrium breaks. "The idea of comprehensive balance is the result of Chen Yun's practical exploration.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the focus of the work of the Party and the state shifted to socialist modernization, and Chen Yun's article "Persisting in Adjusting the National Economy according to the Principle of Proportionality" written in March 1979 pointed out that the reality of China is the starting point for formulating the blueprint for construction. "Under what circumstances did we carry out the four modernizations and build a strong socialist country?" To seek truth from facts, we must first make clear the 'facts'. If this question is not clear, nothing can be done well. In view of the problems of eighty percent of the Chinese population at that time in the countryside, the backwardness of the industrial base and technological forces, and the serious imbalance in proportion, he expounded the view that modernization was not proportional and could not be relied on by borrowing more foreign debt.

The new ideas and new viewpoints expounded by Chen Yun in the article are the theoretical sublimation and experience summary of his revolutionary practice, and are the precious spiritual wealth he left to future generations.

Clarify the situation and find a solution

The articles written by Chen Yun are material and well-founded, and this is inseparable from his ideological and work methods of always seeking truth from facts and paying attention to investigation and research. He insisted on the materialistic dialectic of "not only the superior, not only the book, only the reality, exchange, comparison, and repetition", and advocated that "more than ninety percent of the time should be spent to clarify the situation, and less than ten percent of the time should be used to decide the policy." He always writes articles on the basis of investigation and research, lays out the real situation, and then proposes practical and feasible solutions to the problem.

In the second half of 1939, Chen Yun wrote several articles on mass work, including "Consolidating the Party and Strengthening Mass Work" and "Carrying Out Mass Work is the Center of Local Work at Present," which were based on his investigation and study of party building in the base areas of North China. At that time, Yan'an was separated from the enemy rear in North China, so he sent an inspection group of the Organization Department to North China to inspect the work and talked with the party branch secretaries of the 9 townships behind the enemy lines in North China who came to Yan'an. In his article, Chen Yun introduced the situation of many investigations and studies, and pointed out that the weakest link in the party's work in North China is mass work, carrying out mass work is the center of local work at present, and that the base areas behind enemy lines should enter the stage of strengthening the upper levels by consolidating the lower levels after completing the stage of building up from the top down.

Chen Yun's two articles, "The Current Financial and Economic Situation and Several Methods for Overcoming Difficulties" and "Speech at the Meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Group," written in early 1962, made realistic estimates of the situation during the three-year difficult period and put forward reliable solutions, which were an important part of Chen Yun's financial and economic work. To this end, he did a lot of research before the meeting, and from late June to early July 1961, he also went to The Xiaosheng People's Commune in Qingpu County, Shanghai to conduct a 15-day rural survey. In the article, Chen Yun used a large number of data and examples mastered by investigation and research to clarify the serious difficulties in five aspects: agricultural production reduction, excessive scale of infrastructure construction, inflation, a large number of urban banknotes transferred to the countryside, and the decline in the living standards of urban people, and proposed that the financial and economic steps should be decided according to the speed at which agriculture is first of all grain production increases A series of measures such as strict cash management, doing our best to ensure the minimum living needs of urban people, and doing everything possible to promote agricultural production.

Chen Yun wrote the article "Working Together to Build Baosteel" in June 1979. At that time, he was the director of the Financial and Economic Commission of the State Council, leading the economic adjustment to solve the problem of serious imbalance in the proportion of the national economy, and one of the thorny problems he faced was the construction of the Shanghai Baoshan Iron and Steel Plant under the condition of financial and foreign exchange tensions. Chen Yun learned about the situation in many ways and went to Shanghai for field research. In the article, Chen Yun introduced the research situation, proposed that Baosteel work to the end, postpone the progress, build in two phases, buy equipment and buy technology and patents. On September 18, he delivered a speech entitled "Economic Construction Must Be Down-to-earth" at a briefing meeting of the Financial and Economic Commission, pointing out: "At present, the people yearn for the four modernizations and demand relatively rapid economic development. But they also demanded that there be no more tossing, and that there be a relatively fast development rate under the condition of no longer tossing. We should explore the speed of development under such conditions. Under the leadership of Chen Yun, the adjustment policy has been implemented, and the modernization drive in the new period has been able to stabilize the position and then advance.

Mao Zedong commented that Chen Yun "will not speak until he investigates clearly." It can also be said that Chen Yun did not write before the investigation and research was clear, and when he wrote an article, he had to write clear facts, informative content, clear methods, clear arguments, and persuasive.

Don't be bothered, the style is simple

Chen Yun's pragmatic work style is reflected in the fact that when he writes articles, it is also a clear and concise, concise and clear, empty discussion without making long speeches. In the "Newspapers Should Think of the Vast Number of Readers" included in the "Chen Yun Anthology", he reviewed the "People's Daily", praised some articles for being concise and concise, and suggested that long articles should be simple and clear, attracting more people to read the newspaper. He demanded that "newspapers should think of a wide range of readers" and that "newspaper leaders and editors should always remind themselves: 'If I were a reader,' 'if I were a very busy reader.'"

"Adhere to the Principle of Correcting Mistakes" is a group speech made by Chen Yun at the Central Work Conference before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in November 1978. The speech, which is less than 1,500 words in full, opens with a clear sense of support for shifting the focus of work to socialist construction, proposing that "some remaining issues that have a great impact or involve a wide range of issues need to be considered and decided by the central authorities." There are not many words in this speech, but it talks about issues of concern to the whole party and the people of the whole country, and the sentences are to the point and the arguments are forceful, which has aroused great repercussions at and at the meeting.

Chen Yun's "Promoting and Cultivating Young and Middle-Aged Cadres is a Top Priority" written by Chen Yun on May 8, 1981 has greatly promoted the replacement and cooperation between new and old cadres. Chen Yun first clarified the problem; a large number of veteran cadres are still working in the front line of the party, government, and army, and more and more people are dying of overwork and illness; it is obvious that they can no longer adapt to the heavy leadership work of a country with a population of nearly one billion on the mainland. Chen Yun responded to some of the doubts of the veteran cadres: First, there were painful lessons in the promotion of rebels during the "Cultural Revolution."Chen Yun said that "we want to promote middle-aged and young cadres with both political integrity and ability."; second, whether there are a large number of such middle-aged and young cadres in the party to promote, Chen Yun believes that there are, "The problem is that we have not promoted and trained"; third, the middle-aged and young cadres lack experience, Chen Yun believes that "talent is tempered, not born", and the middle-aged and young cadres have vitality and most of them have professional knowledge." They have more strengths than when we were promoted to cadres." He also made a comparative system recommendation on the deployment of related work. The article is less than 3,000 words, but it talks about problems, proposes countermeasures, dispels doubts, and makes arrangements, and analyzes the urgency and feasibility of promoting middle-aged and young cadres very thoroughly.

The Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in 1984 was a very important meeting, which adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Reform of the Economic System", shifting the focus of reform from the countryside to the cities, carrying out comprehensive reforms, and clarifying whether the socialist economy or the commodity economy is a planned commodity economy on the basis of public ownership. Chen Yun made an important speech, that is, "Written Speech at the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China", which is only about 1700 words in the whole text, but expresses his ideas on reform very clearly and in place. He believes that the ongoing structural reform should break the "big pot of rice," greatly arouse the enthusiasm of labor, and liberate the productive forces; he affirms that the generalization of the reform of the planning system is in line with the current actual situation, "At present, the scale of the mainland's economy is much larger and more complicated than in the fifties. Many of the practices that were applied in the 1950s are no longer applicable now." He believes that the scope of the reform is quite wide, the vast number of cadres are not very familiar with them, and some problems that are now difficult to foresee will arise in the course of their progress. These important articles are very concise in length, the language is very simple and natural, the reasoning is so thorough, and the effect is so remarkable. Chen Yun writes articles that focus on substance, not form. The style of writing is also the style of the party. Chen Yun's good writing style is always worth learning.

Column Editor-in-Chief: Qin Hong Text Editor: Yang Rong Caption Source: Zhu Juan Photography Photo Editor: Zhu Juan

Source: Author: Learning Times