The number of soldiers and soldiers who fell from the Kuomintang to the Communists in the War of Liberation reached almost 2 million, and the number of soldiers who were so many was 800,000 more than the total number of communists in the early days of the War of Liberation. Moreover, the number of oncoming defections is so large that it has to arouse people's curiosity.
Origin of the millions of national troops who surrendered
During the conscription process during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, many people in the Kuomintang area voluntarily joined the army to resist Japan, and there was also a large number of phenomena of "grasping zhuangding." Various evil forces manipulate the lottery for conscription, causing the people to hate military service and be reluctant to become soldiers.
At that time, many Zhuang Ding were forcibly kidnapped, framed and deceived, and impersonated. There are also records showing that the soldiers who arrived at the barracks "did not save one out of ten", and some officers would deliberately let go of these strong men in order to save the cost of transportation, and then arrest them again, and when they were caught, they would directly correct the law on the spot, and the saved costs went directly into their own pockets.
Unlike the Kuomintang army, the Communist army has strict conscription discipline, and joining the army is all voluntary, precisely because they understand that the Communist Party can bring a good future to China, they are willing to enter the ranks of the Communist Party, and they are willing to give their lives to build a beautiful China.
Treatment of surrendered soldiers
The Communist Party has always been very humane in disposing of prisoners, not to fight or scold, still less to restrict your freedom, and if you are sick, it will help you to treat your illness, and if you go, you will be paid for the road. But there was a slight shift in policy toward the 1.88 million troops surrendered in the War of Liberation, in short, from the initial "freedom to go" to "no release at all."
At that time, because the number of our army was smaller than that of the Kuomintang, we needed these prisoners to join the army to solve the problem of soldiers, and in addition, the equipment captured by our army from the Kuomintang needed some prisoners to teach us how to use and act as technicians.
At that time, the recruitment method within the Kuomintang was rough and barbaric, resulting in uneven overall quality of soldiers, veterans bullying new recruits, and it was very common for the commander to withhold military salaries and eat empty salaries.
The soldiers were in a miserable situation, and the whole army was more like a scattered collection, and such an army could have any combat effectiveness. But when these soldiers come to the Communist Side and get something they have not experienced, first of all, the Communist Party will give them full respect and will not casually flip their personal belongings, and secondly, the commander will take the initiative to help these soldiers, ask them about their difficulties, help them solve their difficulties. There is strict discipline within the Communist Party, and the phenomenon of beating soldiers and withholding military salaries will not occur.
Compared with ancient and modern China and foreign countries, we can better find the humanity of the Communist Party's treatment of prisoners
In the war between the Qin and Zhao states more than 2,000 years ago, the Zhao army defeated 400,000 soldiers and was captured and killed; Japan, which had invaded China since 1931, also treated the prisoners with extreme cruelty and violated the international humanitarianism at that time. In addition to China, there are also records of brutal abuse of prisoners in other parts of East Asia, and the "Bataan Death March" is famous.
The Bataan Death March was the most painful atrocity of World War II in the United States, and the U.S. Army regarded it as an unprecedented shame in the history of the U.S. Army , after the surrender of 80,000 U.S. and Filipinos to the Japanese , the Japanese army forced prisoners of war to march, killing more than 15,000 people, and a large number of American prisoners of war were slaughtered by the Japanese army.
Compared with the brutal treatment of prisoners by the Japanese, the communist army is very humane, compared with the two, it is simply an angel and the other is a devil. In dealing with the 1.88 million national troops that surrendered, the Communist Party did not indiscriminately kill innocents, but incorporated them into various units, let the commander take the initiative to enlighten them, and found that these soldiers had difficulties and would take the initiative to help solve them.
How surrendered soldiers were transformed
Peng Dehuai, a member of the family of these liberation fighters, has conducted a survey of 70 percent of the poor peasants, about 25 percent of the middle peasants, hired workers, and other poor people, and 5 percent of them are from landlords, rich peasants, and other exploiting classes.
This shows that most of the captives are actually workers and peasants, and they all come from the same class as the People's Liberation Army, but they do not realize that they were forced by Chiang Kai-shek to fight a civil war, and they are maiming the Chinese nation and themselves. The Communist Party of China has a broad mind and does not just want to destroy the enemy: "Our people's army is a big school, our purpose is to save China, we cherish the essence of the Chinese nation, we want to educate them as best as possible, and organize them to fight for the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation." ”
Organize a grievance conference and let these surrendered soldiers go up one by one to talk. He complained about the suffering of the landlord class in exploiting the working people, and the suffering of the Kuomintang reactionary army in oppressing the soldiers and the masses. The grievance movement was a mass educational movement and the most vivid and effective method of raising class consciousness at that time. According to their personal experience, they complained about the suffering of the old society and the suffering of exploitation and oppression, so as to raise everyone's class consciousness and consciously kill the enemy courageously.
The process of complaining generally means that the soldiers first pour bitter water, and then dig up the bitter roots, so that everyone understands what exploitation is and what is the class, and then through induction and summary, the bitter roots will naturally dig up the "three mountains" represented by Chiang Kai-shek, so overthrowing the "three mountains", establishing a new China, and thoroughly digging up the bitter roots have become the common aspirations of everyone.
This method of using abstract preaching such as leaders' lectures will not work, and we must enlighten and educate the masses with the examples of grievances that have emerged among the masses, so that they can universally and consciously participate in the grievances, so that the purpose of the grievances education can be achieved.
After complaining about the education, the People's Liberation Army carried out "three inspections and three rectifications." The "three checks" are to check the class, work, and fighting spirit, and the "three rectifications" are to straighten out the organization, straighten out the thinking, and straighten out the work style. Like the complaints, the "three checks and three rectifications" are also aimed at all commanders and fighters of the whole army and not specifically at the captives, but the "three checks and three rectifications" really correct the ideological style of the captives.
The reformed soldiers, who understood why they were fighting, had undergone great changes compared with those in the Kuomintang army before, and played a huge role in the Liberation War.