When we started writing articles on improving children's mathematical literacy before, Luo Luo and I talked about how to write this series of articles, number sense, spatial concepts, and data analysis are very important, but is there a ability hidden in them, playing a very important role?
This ability is the ability to think logically.
Logical thinking ability refers to the ability to think reasonably correctly, that is, the ability to observe, compare, analyze, synthesize, abstract, summarize, judge, reason, etc. of things, which is reflected in all aspects of children's daily lives.
For example, when the child calculates the number clearly, he will find a way to count with the help of blocks; when the child is not clear whether the chopsticks on the dining table are enough, he will swing to see if it corresponds to the dining staff one by one; when the child plays the puzzle, according to the pattern prompt at the boundary of the puzzle board, complete the puzzle, etc., which are the embodiment of logical thinking.
Logical thinking mainly contains two aspects, one is the thinking process, and the other is the expression method. A person with logical thinking ability can not only think independently and solve problems reasonably, but also express his thinking process in a coherent and clear manner.
Today we mainly talk about the thinking process, how to improve the child's logical thinking ability, follow-up we will talk about how to cultivate the child's logical expression ability.
The "problem-method" is a simple summary of logical thinking, and when we find a problem, we often say, "Let me think about it." "Thinking about it here is thinking, and by thinking about it, the problem is solved, and the whole process from finding the problem to solving the problem depends on thinking."
In fact, to say that a child thinks well is what we usually say in a broad sense of intelligence.
Logical thinking skills are very important for children's growth and should be cultivated from an early age.
Intuitive Action Thinking Stage (0-3 years old)
Children's initial thoughts tend to be intuitive action thinking, mainly in an intuitive, action-oriented way. This kind of thinking is carried out in direct perception, and cannot be separated from intuitive things, can not be separated from the child's own actions.
A typical way of intuitive action thinking activity is to try and make mistakes. Children do not subjectively have predetermined goals and plans of action before action, nor can they foresee the consequences of their own actions, so we cannot ask children in the adult way of thinking.
The most typical example is that when children at this stage play with blocks, they will not think well and then swing, but first take the blocks to play and then think, while playing and thinking, while thinking and playing.
At this stage, when children begin to recognize numbers, they initially cannot understand the abstract 1, 2, and 3, but they can well identify 1 strawberry, 2 cookies, 3 books, etc. in front of them. The child cannot directly say the result of 3+2, but with the help of fingers, first extend 2 fingers, and then extend 3 fingers, you know that a total of 5 fingers are extended.
Therefore, the child's thinking improvement at this stage must use physical objects and use actions.
At this time, parents should respect the age characteristics of their children and give him enough time to experience and trial and error.
For example, there are some strawberries on the table, and the child wants to eat them but the one is too low to reach, what should I do? Some parents will help their children to take it, and some parents will tell their children to climb on the stool to take it, but we do not actually provide methods immediately, but encourage children to seek solutions on their own.
After bouncing around a few times, he might think of using external force to move his little bench over, stand on it, and finally get the strawberry on his own.
This is a process of using external forces to achieve their own goals, and children will understand this truth in continuous attempts.
Specific Image Thinking Stage (3-6 years old)
Concrete image thinking is developed from the basis of intuitive action thinking, children at this age, began to solve more complex problems, but can not accurately carry out logical reasoning activities, they use what they see, as well as some information collected in the past experience, to understand the world, often because of insufficient knowledge and experience, leading to wrong inference.
Psychologist Professor Zhu Zhixian once said an example:
A four-year-old asked his mother: Why is there wind in the car?
Mom said: Why do you think that?
The child said: The wind blows out of the wheel.
Because in the eyes of the child, as soon as the wheel moves, there is wind, and when the wheel stops, there is no wind.
Seeing is believing, is the basic principle that children follow at this stage.
At this stage, we should take children to do some visual thinking games according to their age characteristics. For example, building blocks, playing puzzle painting, etc., we must first use the drawings, and do not rush to let them create themselves, now with the help of drawings to build more, later can be better created; when you know the length, you must personally measure a measure, measure a test, feel the corresponding length of 1cm, 1m, etc.; with the help of a small stick, 10 bundles, understand the composition of the numbers, etc.
I would like to recommend a game of "Finding Treasure" to everyone:
Prepare a gift for your child as a treasure, such as a book or toy he likes; cards to indicate where to go.
Parents first put the treasure in a slightly hidden place in the home;
Make some instruction cards, you can match the text with pictures (to help children read), such as drawing a desk, and then writing "desk", slightly older children can also write pinyin, and then hide the cards in the corresponding position;
Give your child the first "desk" prompt card, and he will be able to go to the desk to find the next instruction card;
......
And so on until the child finds the treasure.
Through this game of "first go to the table, find the next small card, and then find the table..." The child can learn the logical concept of first and last. Parents can also increase the difficulty of the game according to the age of the child, such as drawing a plate on the card, the child will think of the place to put the plate is the cabinet, and then look for the next small card in the cabinet.
Abstract Logical Thinking Ability (6-11 years old)
This stage is a critical period for cultivating children's abstract thinking ability, and we should pay special attention to cultivating children's abstract thinking ability. However, the child's thinking ability is gradually developed, and the abstract logical thinking ability is developed on the basis of action thinking and image thinking, so the cultivation and training of children's early thinking ability is very important.
Number games, strategy board games, building blocks, thinking questions, complex text narratives and other ways can cultivate children's logical thinking ability.
1. Play strategy board games with your child
Usually, I like to play all kinds of board games with Meng Meng, and the ones that have persisted the longest are the chicken chirping and Go that have been recommended to everyone before.
Take chick chirping as an example, when three or four people play together, children have a lot to think about:
When I have a fox in my hand, whose eggs do I steal first?
I already have an egg, do I have the cards in my hand to make up as many roosters, hens, and chicken nests as possible, and hatch another egg, or to make two hens and hatch the chicks as soon as possible?
When I've hatched two chicks, do I wait for the fox or do I put together three cards to continue hatching eggs?
When children think about these questions, they will promote the improvement of thinking.
Go is a project that I and Meng Meng must play every weekend, sometimes two people sit for an hour or two, the benefits of which, in "Why should I choose an online Go lesson for Meng Meng" and shared with everyone, I will always insist on playing Go with Meng Meng.
2. Creating and compiling stories can improve children's logical thinking and logical expression ability
We have always underestimated the role of the story, fictional concepts can be better transmitted to children through stories, so that children can repeat and summarize the story, not only to cultivate children's logical thinking ability, but also to improve children's memory and understanding.
In addition, we can try to let children design different endings for the same story, a story usually contains a lot of details, different characters, the background of the story, the relationship between the characters, etc., and the interaction of all these elements forms the final ending.
But the ending of each story can have a variety of possibilities, the child rewrites the ending, it is necessary to rewrite other factors in the story synchronously, so that the logic is smooth, which is the brainstorming of the child's abstract thinking.
3. From easy to difficult Sudoku, it is really a game for smart children
When I am idle now, I will find a nine-square grid to challenge, and this habit has lasted for many years, mainly to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
The Sudoku game is the nine square grid, but many people have a misunderstanding of the nine square grid, thinking that the 9 squares of 3 × 3 are the nine square grid, in fact, it is just a number filling game.
The Sudoku plate has nine houses, each of which is divided into 3×39 small grids. Give a certain number of known numbers in these 81 squares, using logic and reasoning, and fill in the other spaces with numbers from 1-9. Each number from 1 to 9 appears only once in every row, every column, and in every house, so it is also called the "nine house grid".
But for children, there are many factors to consider in the nine-house grid, and it is difficult to complete. I recommend starting with the simplest four-square grid, mastering the method and entering the six-house grid, and finally trying the nine-house grid.
Children's logical thinking ability is not improved overnight, must be slowly accumulated, because the correct reasoning and judgment is based on previous experience, so the key to cultivating logical reasoning ability is to let children through more seeing, listening, touching, playing more, to enrich his knowledge and experience. When encountering problems, parents should not conclude early, but should mention a few more "whys" to guide children to use their brains and think deeply.
I hope that every parent can pay more attention to the development of their children's thinking from an early age, so that our children will grow into "smart" children.
I attach great importance to children's thinking training. Although Puwa attaches great importance to it, she will not be the same as a genius, but it is still achievable to be better on her own basis.
Why do you attach great importance to the cultivation of logical thinking ability? I believe that everyone has met some people in their lives, who have become adults, but there is really no logic, either they do not work hard, or their brains are not clear, and they can't understand a thing.
The method shared by Teacher Xiao Zhou, although it is very specific, but more still provides some ideas for everyone. For example, allowing children to try and make mistakes in the experience, before the age of 3, let children use physical objects to understand the quantitative relationship, etc., we can adapt to the implementation according to the specific situation of our children.
Anyway, in the process of raising qiqi, I often feel that some of The sharing of Teacher Xiao Zhou is also of great reference value to me, and maybe everyone will feel the same way.
I won't go on parenting. In order not to be labeled as a parenting blogger, you can find more good things for everyone at will, share some fun, And Luo Luo also tried his best...
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