"Heaven forbid" Fu Si Nian
The bloodiness and courage of intellectuals
Text: Pick-up Editors: Kuang, Li Qiang
He is a figure who cannot be avoided by the changes in modern China.
Chen Yin regarded him as a close friend and lamented that "the hero of the world is the only king"; Hu Shi regarded him as the most proud disciple and praised him as "a moral force no matter where he is"; Mao Zishui, a master of traditional Chinese studies, said that he "represented the aura of haoran all his life"; and the famous educator Luo Jialun called him "a kind of righteous qi between heaven and earth". He was known for his "cannon" and "tiger" and so on.
Some people praised him as the most learned, ambitious, bloody and cultivated intellectual model in Chinese history, and this person was the historian Fu Sinian.
In the winter of 1941, the Japanese army captured Hong Kong. Rumbling artillery fire approached, and Chen Yinke and his family hurried to the airport, ready to flee by plane. But he was stopped.
The daughter, Miss Kong Er, also wanted to take this plane, and she commanded the domestic servants to stuff the old mother, foreign dogs, toilets and bed boards into the plane, leaving the desperate Chen Yinke's family and the important people from all walks of life stranded here.
At this time, in the distant Chongqing, someone was anxiously waiting for news, when he learned that the national treasure-level master was forced to give way to the families and foreign dogs of high-ranking officials, stranded in the war zone, and his life and death were uncertain.
This big Man of Shandong, who was fierce and domineering, jumped like thunder and roared angrily: "Kill Kong Xiangxi to thank the world!"
This righteous indignation is none other than Fu Si Nian.
This man is a well-known "academic predator", entering Peking University at the age of 17, studying in Europe at the age of 24, and building a first-class research institute at the age of 32. However, personality is a true fighter.
Writer You Yuming said: "After seeing Fu Sinian's photos, each one is a tense face, a look of ready to duel with people at any time. ”
This time, the fighter Fu Sinian confronted the "official bully" Kong Xiangxi.
Kong has long been infamous, and in the 11 years he held an important government post, there were 6 major cases of corruption and perverting the law alone, using his power to embezzle state property. Everyone hated him for tickling his teeth, but there was nothing they could do about it.
Kong Xiangxi's background is too hard, he is connected with Chiang Kai-shek, he is also the president of the Executive Yuan, the head of the National Government, and a high-ranking official among high-ranking officials.
The Kong family is also a first-class magnate in the Republic of China, in charge of the lifeblood of the country's economy, and its power is overwhelming.
Fu Si Nian is a reader, single-handed, powerless and powerless. But he laughed domineeringly: "Why have I ever been afraid?" ”
▲ Kong Xiangxi
Fu Sinian wrote to Chiang Kai-shek twice, and his words became more and more fierce each time, and Chiang Kai-shek ignored them. But he was not discouraged, and while he was collecting evidence, he was ready to submit it to the National People's Political Consultative Conference in the form of a proposal.
Chiang Kai-shek entrusted his secretary Chen Brei to mediate from it, and Chen Xiaozhi reasoned: "If Sir really proposes to impeach Kong Shi, he is only afraid that the countries of the world will think that Chinese officials are corrupt and fraudulent, and do not give support for the War of Resistance, what should they do?" ”
The War of Resistance was a big deal, but corruption was no small matter. Fu Si Nian changed his approach, changed the proposal to a questioning case, and continued to expose it.
Chen Brei was gone and found his teacher Hu Shi.
Hu Shi wrote a letter from the United States to persuade Fu Sinian bitterly: "Jiang Gong's meaning, don't you understand? Besides, how many unfair things are in the world, how can we manage it, this matter is too dangerous, don't get into trouble! ”
Fu Sinian asked rhetorically, "When I read a book, I can neither go into battle to kill the enemy, nor can I read the books of the sages. ”
Well, even Hu Shi couldn't stop it.
In order to avoid being secretly calculated, Fu Si Nian packed the evidence into a small box, kept every step of it, and put it under the pillow when he slept.
Everything was ready, and Fu Sinian was at the political participation meeting, and a burst of shelling shocked the government and the opposition.
Chiang Kai-shek could not sit still, invited Fu Sinian to dinner, and wanted to intercede for Kong.
During the banquet, Jiang asked, "Mr. Meng Zhen, do you trust me?" Fu replied, "Of course I trust." ”
Jiang said, "Since you believe, you should also trust the people I use." ”
Fu Zhengse said, "I trust the chairman of the committee, and as for the people you appoint because I trust you, I should also trust the people you appoint, then, cut off my head, I can't say the same!" ”
As soon as this remark came out, everyone around them was stunned: I can get on this, Fu Cannon, it's too cattle! Chiang Kai-shek was so intimidated that he could not open his mouth, so he stopped arguing.
Soon, Kong Xiangxi rolled up and left.
More than 2,000 years ago, ZengZi asked Confucius, "What is Dayong?" Confucius's answer was loud and clear: "Shrinking in self-defeat, although there are tens of millions of people, I am going to die." ”
Ask yourself, as long as justice is on my side, even in the face of the obstruction of tens of millions of people, I have no remorse. As far as Fu Si Nian is concerned, Ren'er's east, west, south, and north winds are where righteousness lies, and there is no fear or regret.
Fu Si Nian and Chiang Kai-shek
After Kong Xiangxi stepped down, Chiang Kai-shek's brother-in-law Song Ziwen took his place.
At first, Song won the favor of everyone. But before long, the original form was revealed, more than the hole.
Fu Cannon couldn't sit still again.
Three articles denouncing Song Ziwen in a row: "Song Ziwen like this must go", "The Failure of Song Ziwen", "On the Must Eradication of Rich Capital", bombarding all the way, denouncing Song's crimes: "There is a public case in ancient and modern China and abroad, where a dynasty and a political regime want to collapse, not because of the revolutionary forces, but because of his own collapse..." "The country can't eat him, the people can't eat him, he really should go, if he doesn't take everything, he will collapse..."
Fu Si Nian's condemnation aroused the indignation of the crowd, and supporters from all walks of life continued, and even some newspapers shouted "Fu Si Nian wants revolution."
Under the pressure of public opinion, Song Ziwen also slipped off the stage.
An intellectual once said of Fu Si Nian: "Sir has spoken of forty-five million people, and what he wants to say but cannot say but dare not say, is both wise and courageous, and more enthusiastic." ”
Fu Si Nian, a scholar in the chaotic world, did not have a single soldier or a pawn, but he pulled down two powerful and corrupt officials, looking at the entire Republic of China, who is comparable?
If a person has the greatest enthusiasm for fairness and justice, has the courage, can take responsibility, dares to speak out, has a bright heart, and is just to the right, then he is a person who is so strong that he is invincible.
In Kunming in May 1945, there was a gentle rain. The professors gathered at the Southwest United University to discuss the reconstruction of Peking University after the victory.
At that time, the factional struggle was fierce, and being the headmaster was a chore. Moreover, Peking University needs to maintain "academic independence" and must exclude political officials.
The professors thought about it, and the "violent temper" Fu Si Nian seemed to be the most suitable candidate.
As a result, Fu Si Nian received a letter of appointment: the acting president of Peking University.
After receiving the letter of appointment, Fu Sinian stood up in his clothes and looked solemn: What Hu Shi did not dare to do, I did for him, Hu Shi did not dare to offend, I offended for him. "I've leveled the world for him in the past few months, and he'll run Peking University down."
At that time, Peking University had long been unrecognizable.
The original teachers and students guarded the "cultural context" to the south, but the traitorous literati stayed in Beiping and enslaved the youth. The freedom wind and cultural backbone of Peking University have disappeared.
After the victory of the war, the whereabouts of the pseudo-teachers became a very difficult issue, involving the interests of too many people.
But who is the new headmaster, fu Si Nian who is not afraid of heaven.
He didn't care what interests he had, what he recognized, and when he was in Chongqing, he fired at Beiping: "Peking University will resume its school, and we will never delay the employment of any pseudo-Peking University staff!" ”
When he arrived at Beiping Airport, Professor Chen Xueping came to greet him. Fu Sinian split his head and asked, "Do you have any contact with the pseudo-Peking University faculty?" Chen Xueping was overwhelmed: "Only on necessary occasions." ”
Fu changed color and said, "Han thieves don't stand on opposite sides, and they shouldn't even shake hands." ”
▲ Fu Sinian, Hu Shi and Hu Zuwang
And the pseudo-professors who received the news here did not sit still. First, they threatened with a collective strike, and then, they joined forces to petition high-ranking officials, moved around to rescue soldiers, or went to protest, or published newspapers to defend, forcing Fu Si Nian to obey.
Friends urged him to compromise: "What is the advantage of making too many enemies?" ”
Fu Si Nian sighed, "If I agree, how can I be worthy of the professors of Southwest United University?" Didn't they make sacrifices in vain? ”
Therefore, in the face of the scolding of pseudo-professors, Fu Sinian's attitude was firm: "My position is to make me think of everything I can to keep Peking University clean!" It is right and wrong, discerning between faithful and adulterous! ”
Fu Sinian's teacher, Zhou Zuoren, pretended to be a teacher and scolded him in the letter: "You take me as a fake today, and I know that no one will take you as a fake in the future!" ”
Zhou Zuoren probably forgot that when Fu Sinian was a student at Peking University, he threw them away because of his professor's mistake in lecturing; during the New Culture Movement, he fired fiercely at "old stubbornness" such as Huang Kan, who wanted to pass on his mantle; during the War of Resistance Against Japan, he almost broke off friendship with Hu Shi because he was defending the government, and let you be the most powerful role, what can you do?
Sure enough, Fu Sinian tore the letter to pieces: "In the future, even if there is a false one of me, it will be a matter of partisan struggle, but you will never say that I am a traitor; and you Zhou Zuoren is a traitor, but it has been engraved on the pillar of shame and can never be changed." ”
As a result, Zhou Zuoren was never able to enter Peking University again.
▲ Zhou Zuoren
After dealing with the teacher, what about the pseudo-students?
Fu Sinian reversed his previous fighting posture and said, "What is the young man? Today's twenty-year-old college students were just children during the War of Resistance, and as long as the pseudo-teachers did not use them, it was beneficial to the students. Otherwise, the next generation of young people will not know what to do, and those who bear the responsibility of education today will not all become sinners of the state? ”
During the short period when Fu Sinian presided over Peking University, he was scolded a lot, but it was also during his tenure that the atmosphere of Peking University was revived.
Fu Si nian is not a struggle of righteousness, let alone a fight of factions, but a struggle for the backbone of the literati.
If intellectuals do not know how to stick to them, do not respect their honors, and when the wind rises, they will not be able to stand steadily, and if the wind continues to blow, they will only scatter and fall, can such people educate young people who think independently and dare to challenge authority?
Later, Fu Si Nian went to Taiwan. His health gradually deteriorated, he worked hard all year round, and he had a strong personality, suffered from high blood pressure all year round, and became a regular visitor to the hospital.
As a result, he dragged his sick body to take over a mess - to serve as the president of National Taiwan University.
After the Nationalist government moved to Taiwan, the number of students suddenly soared, and NTU could not accommodate so many people. In order to obtain admission qualifications, some officials and dignitaries, with their power in their hands, have made the school smoke miasma, and the children of poor families have been blocked out.
After Fu Si Nian took office, he immediately formulated a rule: regardless of whether rich or poor, all admissions were based on admission standards.
Some people are not dead hearted and try their best to intercede with him. Fu Si Nian regained the "cannon" style of his youth and continued to open his eyes.
He put up a sign at the door of his office with a large letter: "Those who have said things for their children's school enrollment, please do not open your mouth!" Fu Si Nian! ”
Then, Fuss began to rectify the school spirit. Professors who do not meet the academic standards are expelled; medical personnel who are not professional are expelled; and staff members who are mixed up are all dismissed.
He offended too many people and brought a bunch of trouble.
The men attacked everywhere and slandered him in the newspapers.
Just at this time, the national Taiwan University and the Normal College broke out.
When the military police surrounded NTU, Fu Sinian had an extremely tough attitude, and he warned commander-in-chief Peng Mengji: "I have a request, when you drive away the students tonight, you can't bleed, if there are students bleeding, I will fight with you!" ”
Peng Mengji relied on his power and never paid attention to people, but in the face of Fu's fight to the death, he was shocked and blurted out: "If someone bleeds, I will commit suicide!" ”
As a result, NTU avoided tragedy.
▲ The Taiwan university student rescued by Fu Sinian wrote a letter of thanks by hand
Decades later, when the masters and students of the Taiwan Division talked about this incident, they praised Fu Sinian as a great husband who stood tall in the sky.
His righteousness was awe-inspiring, and in the era of white terror, he protected the lives of many people and maintained the academic independence of the university. To this day, taiwan's military and police are not allowed to enter the campus of National Taiwan University at will.
On December 20, 1950, Fu Si Nian attended the education conference as usual. During the banquet, a senator suddenly popped out, Guo Guoji, known as "Guo Cannon".
But unlike the integrity and courage of "Fu Cannon", Guo Cannon is a scoundrel and is the best at provoking trouble. He repeatedly questioned Fu Si Niantai where the funds went.
Fu Si Nian was furious, and the two argued.
The more Fu Sinian spoke, the more excited he became, and he roared: "When we run a school, we should first solve difficulties for students, so that they can first have a stable living environment, and then ask them to study diligently." Can you treat students as human beings? ”
As soon as the words fell, Fu Si Nian suddenly fainted and fell to the ground and closed his eyes. A generation of bookish business, the backbone of a generation of intellectuals, died in this regard.
Conclusion
General Patton once said, "The best place for a soldier is to be killed by the last bullet in the last battle." ”
A true fighter, the noblest posture of death, is to stand and fall in the struggle, to die for justice, to die in silence.
Tao Xisheng was puzzled by this: "When Fu Si Nian was alive, people were afraid of him, but when he died and encountered things to argue for reason, they found that no one had come out to fight for you." ”
Fu Sinian is a scholar, politician, social critic and academic leader, his promotion and construction of the modern academic system is indispensable, and the personality of the intellectual he upholds is also worthy of solemn remembrance by all Chinese people.
But unfortunately, we on the mainland have almost forgotten him. In academia, the study of Fu Si Nian's life is just beginning. For this reason, Prophet Bookstore sincerely recommends: "Fu Si Nian: Individual Life in Modern Chinese History and Politics", this book just fills the gap in the study of Fu Si Nian's influence on Chinese history and about him, which can be said to be opportune.
The author of this book, Wang Fansen, is also very promising. He studied under the famous historian Yu Yingshi. This book is a work completed by Wang Fansen under the guidance of Yu Yingshi. This book is problem-oriented, informative, broad-minded, and a model for historical research—by grasping the ups and downs of individual lives, and then grasping the pulse of China's modern and contemporary historical changes.
Witness the wind and bones of a generation of intellectuals, read Mr. People, read Mr. Thoughts. Recognize the QR code in the following figure to collect it with one click. (Note: You can also choose the signature version of "Southern Crossing and Northern Return" in the specifications to witness the spiritual history of a generation of masters such as Fu Sinian, Hu Shi, Wang Guowei, and Chen Yinke in the great era.) It is also a book of historical destiny in the twentieth century. Out of print many times, republished is not easy, the whole book has not been deleted, and there are freebies)
Note: This article is selected from the public account to pick up the leftovers, thanks to the original author for his efforts. If you need to edit and modify it, such as infringement, please contact to delete it.