In December 1949, Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan. He emptied the treasury and took with him a large amount of gold and treasure. In addition, Chiang Kai-shek also specially ordered his subordinates to take away several influential "great masters" in China.
These "great masters" are:
Confucius "Thirty-first Generation Yan Sheng gong", Taoism "Sixty-three generations of Zhang Tianshi", Zhang Jia VII living Buddha, as well as educator Fu Sinian and painter Zhang Daqian
et al.
Chiang Kai-shek thought that by firmly grasping these people in his own hands, he would be able to use the people's "belief" and worship of them to guide public opinion and create trouble when the time came.
However, he did not expect that after liberation, the chinese people's ideological concepts had undergone earth-shaking changes. The people of New China neither worship Buddhism nor believe in God, and at the same time they want to "bring down the Confucius Family Shop"...
In addition to the academic and artistic achievements of these "great masters",
Most of the rest remained on that small island, spending the rest of their lives lonely.
I. The Last "Yan Sheng Gong"
When Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan, the first cultural celebrity he wanted to take away was Confucius's descendant, Kong Decheng, the last "Yan Sheng Gong".
China has been a secular country since ancient times, although some of the Chinese people believe in Buddhism and some worship the Tao, but in general, for more than 2,000 years, the most believed in Chinese is still "Kong Shengren".
The state's legislation, inheritance system, and social ethics were all built around Confucius's Confucianism. Because of the admiration and mythology of the ruling class in the feudal era, Confucius and "Confucianism" were basically equated.
Before and after the "May Fourth Movement," there were people in Chinese cultural circles
I once wanted to imitate Western Christianity and create a national faith for China. At that time, the name was "Confucianism",
And Confucius is the founder of this sect.
The ideas of Confucius and Confucianism are deeply rooted in the blood of Chinese. The descendants of Confucius, who were named "Yan Sheng Gong" by the imperial court in feudal society, actually represented the spiritual idol of the whole people.
The thirty-first generation of Confucius "Yan Shenggong" who was taken away by Chiang Kai-shek was named Kong Decheng, born in 1920, and was the 77th grandson of Confucius.
Kong Decheng was very young when he went to Taiwan, only about thirty years old
。
He first became a professor at National Taiwan University as a Chinese, and at the same time engaged in "Jinwen Research".
Later, Kong Decheng was transferred to the management office of the Forbidden City in Taiwan as the director.
Chiang Kai-shek has always treated him with courtesy, but the times are different, and he has nothing to do. In 2008, Kong Decheng died, and there was no longer a "Yan Sheng Gong".
II. Zhangjia VII
Zhangjia Hutuktu
be
Lama taught the Gelug school the largest reincarnated living Buddha
Chiang Kai-shek actually had other plans for taking Zhang Jia VII away. In 1949, Tibet had not yet been liberated. The local people have an unusually religious faith for historical reasons.
Chiang Kai-shek thought that by co-opting Zhang Jia VII, he would take the opportunity to provoke contradictions, but he made a mistake in his wishful thinking.
Due to the blockade between the two sides of the taiwan strait, Zhangjia VII's influence could not affect his birthplace, and he has been preaching in Taiwan ever since.
In 1952, Zhang Jia VII led a Taiwanese Buddhist delegation to Japan to welcome back the parietal bone of Master Xuanzang, who had been robbed that year.
It is a great thing for Buddhism and the country. In 1957, Zhang Jia VII died in Taiwan.
3. 63rd generation of Zhang Tianshi
Zhang Enpu was the 63rd generation of the Dragon and Tiger Dao, and had colluded with Chiang Kai-shek long before the Kuomintang went to Taiwan.
Zhang Enpu once planned to use the power of the Kuomintang to promote his "Tianshi Dao", while Chiang Kai-shek wanted to use Taoism to achieve his goal of foolish control.
In addition, there are data showing that Chiang Kai-shek was superstitious about Taoists and feng shui in his later years. On the eve of liberation, the Kuomintang's agents who remained on the mainland often used the "Daomen" of the people to do things. However, Taoism, as the indigenous religion of China, has a relatively chaotic inheritance.
In the early days, Daoist monks were divided into the "Huoju Dao" with hair cultivation and the "Quanzhen Dao" of monastic practice. In the Song Dynasty, another Dragon Tiger Mountain Heavenly Master Dao came out.
The vein of Dragon Tiger Mountain was once recognized by the Zhao and Song royal families, so only its inheritance is relatively numerous.
It is probably the succession of the father and the son, relying on the bloodline to pass on.
In view of the influence of the "Heavenly Master Dao" in the southern folk,
When Chiang Kai-shek defeated Taiwan, he decisively took zhang Enpu, his sixty-third generation.
The latter was also ambitious at first, working as the head of the local Taoist association.
However, there are also several branches of Taoism in Taiwan, and no one obeys anyone, so there is no effect.
At the end of the fifties, Zhang Enpu was hollowed out
, no longer responsible for the affairs of the "Taoist Association" in Taiwan,
It's only about getting up and being a layman
he died in 1969.
4. Fu Sinian and Zhang Daqian
Fu Sinian was a historian of the Republic of China period, and he made great contributions to the field of Chinese historiography. Around 1928, he ran a "Institute of Historical Linguistics", under which he recruited a large number of academic celebrities.
Chen Yinke and Zhao Yuanren were all people in his place.
This institute has cultivated a large number of outstanding talents for China's academic cause.
In 1949, Fu went to Taiwan to become the president of Taipei University, but died of cerebral hemorrhage the following year.
This vote of "masters" who were taken to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-shek,
The most dashing life is to have several large thousands.
He was a painter and was not involved in politics himself. After going to Taiwan in 1949, he traveled through Hong Kong to New Delhi, India, the following year to hold an exhibition.
Subsequently, there was contact with the mainland, and he was advised to stay in the mainland, but he refused.
In 1952, Zhang Daqian traveled to Argentina and moved to the outskirts of the Argentine capital
，
He was also received by the President and his wife
。 Next, he went to Brazil.
For more than twenty years, he traveled around the world every year, working on his favorite paintings.
It was not until the second year of Chiang Kai-shek's death that Zhang Daqian moved his family back to Taipei
。 He spent the rest of his life working in the arts until his death in 1983.
epilogue
In 1949, these heavyweight celebrities who were brought to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-shek were in fact excepted
Zhang Daqian is far away from politics and lives the most elegant life,
The others did not make any "achievements".
Fu Si Nian died in 1950 because of a cerebral hemorrhage attack.
Kong Decheng, Zhang Enpu and Zhang Jia VII nested in Taipei, which can be said to be "a place of total uselessness".
Religious forces in China have never been able to override state power, let alone after the founding of New China.
The influence of these three "great masters" of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism
It can only be limited to one small island.
From the time Kong Decheng was born, Kong Men had already declined. Therefore, there is nothing uncomfortable with living on the island for him. He just immersed himself in research and took out to teach and educate people.
Zhangjia VII did not seem to have any great ambitions, and he was only in charge of missionary work. In addition, he also did a "serious thing" by the way, that is, to get the bones of Master Xuanzang back from Japan.
Zhang Enpu's ambitions were a little heavy, but the Daomen lineage and factions were numerous, and Chiang Kai-shek asked him to set up a provincial Taoist association in Taiwan.
In 1957, he was still hollowed out, and finally he had to become a "layman" behind closed doors, and he was not very happy.