Mao Zedong said in "Throw Away Illusions and Prepare for Struggle": Hu Shi, Fu Sinian and Qian Mu are intellectuals controlled by the reactionary government of imperialism and its lackeys, China.
In 1948, the victory and defeat of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were already known, and the departure and retention began to be placed in front of thousands of Chinese, and at this time the Nationalist government began the "Rescue Movement of Pingjin Scholars", and the rescue targets were all well-known intellectuals at that time. The first of these is Hu Shi.
Hu Shi, president of Peking University, went overseas
At this time, Hu Shi, who was the president of Peking University, was actively preparing for the 50th anniversary of Peking University, and under the repeated urging of Chiang Kai-shek, Hu Shi hurriedly boarded a plane to the south and left Beiping. In a letter to his colleagues at Peking University, Hu Shi said, "Never forget Peking University." The scholars in Nanjing warmly welcomed Hu Shi, but the atmosphere under the storm was difficult to hide his sorrow, and Hu Shi wept that he was "a deserter of dishonor", and he blamed himself for not putting his energy on awakening the people. On December 17, also Hu Shi's birthday, Chiang Kai-shek, Song Meiling and his wife, who never set up banquets at home, invited Hu Shi to a banquet, and also prepared wine, and Chiang Kai-shek never drank alcohol in his life, which was an exception.
Chiang Kai-shek suggested that Hu Shi go to the United States, and repeatedly confirmed that "if you are not allowed to win any US aid, it is to let you go to the United States to see." Hu Shi, who had kept a distance from the Nationalist Government all his life and was willing to be a slanderous courtier and a detractor, visited the United States in his personal capacity and his American background, in essence, Chiang Kai-shek was still fighting for the United States, but at this time, the Truman administration had completely abandoned the National Government under Marshall's persuasion, because Marshall saw the loess slopes that met his wishes.
After Hu Shi arrived in the United States, in an answer to american reporters, he said that he would always be on the side of Chiang Kai-shek and was willing to support chiang kai-shek's government with his personal morality. Hu Shi actively visited American politicians and persuaded the United States to turn, including Stuart Redden, Eisenhower, etc., but the era of Chiang Kai-shek passed, and people abandoned him. At this time, Hu Shi refused the invitation of Li Zongren and Yan Xishan to form a cabinet and always supported Chiang Kai-shek.
In addition to Chiang Kai-shek's struggle, the CCP is also fighting for Hu Shi, and said that Hu Shi will not leave and can continue to serve as the president of Peking University and the director of the Peking Library. According to Ji Xianlin, a peking student at the time, who recalled Hu Shi's reaction, Hu Shi only said lightly, "Will they want me?" and had the thesis of "bread and freedom".
Hu Shi, who went south, temporarily lived in the Academia Sinica Guest House at Jiming Temple in Nanjing. Hu Qiwei, Hu Shi's young compatriot, under the leadership of his uncle, paid a special visit to Hu Shi. According to Hu Qiwei's recollection: When talking about the refusal of his second son Si Du to board the plane to come to the south, Jiang Dongxiu's eyes were red, and Hu Shi saw the situation and said: "What is sad, everyone has their own ambitions, he will regret the day!" ”
Hu Shi's tone was hard to hide his anger. But Hu Sidu became a hidden pain in Hu Shi's later years. He Bingdi, a student and close friend of Hu Shi, described this in his memoirs "Sixty Years of Reading History and Reading the World": At that time, when the two met and were chatting about the sea and the sky, Hu Shi suddenly asked him: Do you believe that Hu Shi's son will scold his old son in the mainland? He Bingdi replied without hesitation: No.
Hu Shi stayed in the United States for 9 years. In 1958, at the invitation of Chiang Kai-shek, Hu Shi returned to Taiwan as the president of the Academia Sinica, which was his second academic official, striving for the "National Academic Ten-Year Plan", thus laying the foundation for Taiwan's academic take-off, which was Hu Shi's contribution and merit. He died in Taiwan in 1962.
Fu Sinian, director of the Institute of History and Languages, crossed the sea to Taiwan
Leaving was a decision that Fu Si Nian had made long ago. Fu Sinian, who had "known Lu Benqi earlier" and was the director of the Institute of History and Language, had removed all the collections and belongings of the Institute of History and Language, and he wanted to leave something for the "cultural desert" and "ideological desert" that he had predicted to appear, which were ready for future generations to use. The Institute of History and Language was also the only institution in the Academia Sinica at that time to complete the relocation. The heads of other institutes all chose to stay on the mainland and refused to relocate, such as Tao Menghe of the Social Institute and Li Siguang of the Geology Institute.
Fu Sinian was also the commander-in-chief of the "Movement to Rescue Pingjin Scholars", and on his connections and seniority, Fu Sinian was far above Zhu Jiahua and Hang Liwu at that time. However, the "Rescue pingjin scholar movement" ended in failure, and the planes that came to Nanjing were empty cabins, and the mathematical people refused to go south. Fu Si Nian could not hide his sadness, and Fu Si Nian's extremely strong and domineering personality was also a reason why many mathematical people refused to go south.
For Fu Sinian's persuasion, most intellectuals think about the problem, not political thinking, they basically do not think about their fate and future from the political "left" and "right", they are a group of pure readers, obsessed with academics and learning. Whoever came, I only disciplined my books, and made bad predictions, not letting them be stuck in a bookstore or a pile of old papers. This is also the mentality of the vast majority of intellectuals.
Qian Mu, a "Chinese soldier", went south to Hong Kong
Qian Mu, a representative of China's traditionalist intellectuals, is not on the rescue list of scholars. But Qian Mu still chose to leave. For traditionalist intellectuals, the most fierce vicissitudes of modern times not only have the meaning of the death of the world, but also the meaning of the death of culture.
Qian Mu wrote in the "Miscellaneous Memories of Teachers and Friends": Mr. Qian Jicheng once advised Qian Mu to stay, and Qian Mu said that "junzhi ancient words, looking at the cross-river proclamation, can have the meaning of generosity and tolerance", and Mr. Qian Jicheng was silent.
Qian Mu, who went south, was willing to continue to spread the Chinese Yuansheng culture in the colony of Hong Kong at that time, as "Zhu Shunshui exiled to Japan to spread traditional Chinese culture", he founded the Central Asia Academy, and throughout his life, Yu Yingshi and Yan Gengwang were all under his door. He told the students: Don't forget that you are Chinese, don't forget your own culture, don't forget China. Qian Mu was the only master of the four masters of the history of the country to have a good death.
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