Lesson 549 of "Explanation of Words and Words": Why does "Yin" have the meaning of "supervision and governance"

Then our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, we talk about the three Chinese characters of the "And" section: "shēn, 夬, 尹." These three characters, the first two characters are rare characters in modern Chinese, and the word "Yin" is more commonly used, so the key Chinese character in this lesson is "Yin". The details of the three words are as follows:

1、shēn。 This word GB font library is not included, we use pinyin instead, its glyphs are as follows:

(glyph of shēn)

shēn is its pronunciation. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "shēn, citation also." From again, Shen Sheng. Shen, Guwen Shen. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is to lead to length. Wang Yun's "Reading of Sayings and Sentences": "shēn, the same as the Shen character, the righteousness shēn is the cumulative addition of the Shen character." "Jade Chapters and Youbu": "shēn, ancient Chinese Shen character." ”

In fact, shēn is a variant of the word "Shen", but "shēn" and "Shen" have a literal difference: shēn means elongated by hand, while "Shen" is an ancient "electric" word, like the shape of electric light flickering and contraction.

(difference between shēn and Shen's glyphs)

Under the "Shen" character in the "Explanation of Words", Xu Shen also said that "Shen" is the glyph of "Shen". It is obvious that Xu Shen is not strict about the distinction between the script and the ancient text. However, when we study the "Explanation of Words and Characters", we must clarify the difference between "Zhenwen" and "Ancient Text":

"籀文" is a script from the time of King Xuan of Zhou and is a Qin script. "Guwen" is the script of the eastern countries in the Warring States period. The two are different and should not be confused.

The Shuowen Jiezi contains the character "Shen", which is the first Chinese character, and we will explain it in detail when the "Shen" character is written.

The small seal glyph of "shēn" is shown in the following figure:

(shēn's small seal glyph)

2. 夬. There are two pronunciations:

(a) guài. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Phonetic Version of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "夬, divide and decide." From again; [コ丨], like a decisive shape. Xu Shen believes that it is a hieroglyph, like the shape of a decision, and the original meaning is a decision. Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen Family": "コ, 物也, 丨 So decide." However, regarding the glyph explanation of the character "夬", there is great controversy in later generations, according to Xu Zhongshu's "Oracle Bone Dictionary": "Liu Yan Shi Zhao, Sun Yi Let Shi Zhao, Hu Xiaoshi Shi Zheng, Ye Yusen suspected of killing the initial text, Tang Lan Shi Qian, Ke Chang Ji Shi Yan, Yu Sheng wu Shi Yu, and later shi dispute... It is a ring-shaped jade with a notch,...... It is the original word of The Curse. Let's take a look at the glyph evolution:

(Glyph evolution of 夬)

According to the Etymology:

"夬" is a hieroglyph, like the shape of a right hand with a wrench. The texts are all written as "decision", "觖", etc. A "ram" is a bone artifact that is attached to the thumb when drawing a string to shoot an arrow. "Collecting Rhymes and Crest rhymes": "夬, so min (kǎi) strings." It is the original meaning of "夬" that is said. Therefore, it is obviously wrong for the Shuowen to say its shape and meaning according to the distorted glyphs, and to think that the original meaning is "division", and so on. "Poetry Xiaoya Che Attack": "Decisively pick up the two." Lu Deming explained: "夬, Ben made a decision again, and the hook string also." Zhu Xi's "Collected Notes": "Decisive, with elephant bones as the one, is on the big finger of the left hand, so the hook string mint body." The original meaning of the proverbly "夬" is that the wrench is credible.

We believe that this statement is reliable. The so-called "ram" is a wrench or hook string device for archery.

(Wrench)

So, the problem arises, according to the "Collection rhyme", when the wrench or hook string instrument is spoken, the pronunciation of "夬" should be "ancient cave cut". It's jué, the next pronunciation.

When pronounced guài, "夬" also refers to one of the sixty-four gua. The shape of the gua is dry down and up. Yi Meng: "夬, Yang in the royal court." Li Dingzuo's "Collection of Interpretations" quoted Zheng Xuanyue: "夬, definitely also." Yang qi dip long, as for five. Fifth, the throne is also, and the yin precedes. It is the sage of Judah who accumulates virtue to please the world, so as to gradually eliminate the villain, as for being ordained as the Son of Heaven, it is called a decision. "And" like: Ze is in the sky, and the dream is in the sky. Wang Bi's note: "The Dreamer, the Elephant of The Ming Fa Decision." ”

(夬卦)

The symbol of the gong gua symbolizes determination: yang in the royal court, the trumpet is powerful. It means that the sins of villains can be publicized in the court of kings and punished, and the people can be warned of danger with good faith.

(ii) jué. As mentioned above, this pronunciation comes from "Ji Yun". "Collecting Rhymes and Crumbling Rhymes": "夬, so the min strings, make a decision." This is actually the original meaning of "夬".

Under this pronunciation, there are two other uses of "夬":

(1) Injuries, injuries. "Sleeping Tiger Di Qin Tomb Bamboo Jane Qin Law Miscellaneous Copy": "Wounded by public opinion horses, one inch of leather, one armor." ”

(2) Pass "lack". vacancy. "Sleeping Tiger Di Qin Tomb Bamboo Jane Qin Law Eighteen Kinds of Qin Law" "Those who have died, those who have died and those who have died, in order to make up for it, there is no need to wait." ”

The small seal of "夬" is written as shown in the following figure:

(Small seal writing method)

3. Yin. There are two pronunciations:

(a) yǐn. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Yin, Zhiye." From again, from the beggar, from the gripper also. "Can mean words. The original meaning is to be in charge, to govern. Take a look at Yin's glyph evolution:

(Yin's glyph evolution)

Yin's oracle bone and gold glyphs are in the shape of a hand-held object (as shown in the picture). This "thing" may be a scepter, it may be a "pen", or it may be a tool of production or life. Of course, the person holding the scepter is the one who governs things, and the person who holds the pen in his hand is a person with culture and wisdom in ancient times, and of course, he is also a person who governs things. Therefore, the original meaning of "Yin" is to be in charge and govern. Wang Guowei's "Guantang Jilin ShiShi": "From the same hand, like a pen shape." Li Xiaoding's "Oracle Bone Script Collection Interpretation" Third: "Yin Chuyi should be the official Yin character, and it is like a pen in the shape of a hand, and the official Yin Zhi will be bound to the book, so it is extended to be trained to rule also." ”

(Queen with the Scepter in her hand)

"Book, Many Parties": "Jian Xi Yin Ming, Yin Er Duo." "Grant a great mission to govern the princes of the nations." Hanshu Geography VIII: "Wei, Cai Shu Yinzhi." Yan Shigu's note: "Yin, lord also." "Wei Guo, governed by Uncle Cai."

In addition to the original meaning of "Yin", there are other uses:

(1) Ancient official names. Erya Commentary: "Yin, Masaya. Guo Pu's note: "It is said that the official Is also zhengye." Hao Yixing's "Erya Yishu": "It is the two righteousness of the official and the chief of the king." Shu Yiji: "Shu Yin Yun Harmonic." Kong Chuan: "Yin, Zhengye." "Hundred officials are harmonious. "Dream of the Red Chamber" 103 times: "And it is said that Jia Yucun has promoted Jingzhao Fu Yin and is also in charge of taxation." "This Jingzhao Fu Yin is equivalent to the chief executive of the capital, just like the current mayor of Beijing.

(Shu Yin Yoon-hyun)

(2) Sincerity. "Guangyun Zhunyun": "Yin, Makoto." ”

(3) Enter. "Guangyun Zhunyun": "Yin, Jinye." ”

There are no application examples in the above two usage texts.

In addition, "Yin" is also a surname. Tongzhi Clan Sketch III: "Yin Clan, son of Shao Hao, was sealed in Yin Cheng, because he thought it was a clan." His descendants were Zhou Qingshi and ate by Yin. There is the tomb of Yin Jifu in present-day Fenzhou, that is, its land. ”

(ii) yún. This pronunciation comes from "Collection rhymes". Dedicated to the word "Fu Yin", it refers to Jade Cai. "Ji Yun Zhen Yun": "Yin, Fu Yin, Yu Cai." "Li Ji • Hiring Yi": "Fu Yin Panda, Xinye." Zheng Xuan's note: "Fu, read as floating." Yin, read like a bamboo arrow. Floating reed is jade color also. "It refers to the same as the jade brilliance and crystalline appearance, just like the words of people who believe in words."

(Yucai)

The small seal of "Yin" is written as shown in the picture:

(Yin's small seal writing)

([Explanation of words] no. 549, some pictures from the Internet)