Following our "Explanation of Characters in Chinese" course, this lesson will talk about the ten Chinese characters of the "Ministry", which are all rare characters in modern Chinese, namely: "[Gu +], [Lamb +], [Speed +], [Yu +], [Mi + Contempt +], [Ear +], [芻 +], [Zhai +], [者+], [孛 + ]". Because they are all strange words, the GB font library does not include these words, we can only describe the glyphs, the details of the ten words are as follows:
1. [Ancient +]. Read Hú. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[Ancient +], also." From , ancient sounds. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is paste. Porridge. Modern Chinese is mostly written as "paste". Duan Yujie's Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text: "[Gu +], The Commentary: 'Gluttony, 饘也. ' as this word. Nowadays, Jiangsu folk flour rice wheat is porridge paste. ”
(Black sesame paste)
The small seal of "[ancient + ]] is written as shown in the following figure:
([Ancient + ] small seal writing)
2. [Lamb +]. Read gēng. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[Lamb +], Wuwei Lu Soup also." From , from the Lamb. The poem says' there is also a harmony [lamb +]. 'Soup, little seal from the lamb from beauty. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the soup of the five flavors. In fact, it is the "soup" of modern Chinese. The "Shuowen" does not have the word "soup", but mentions "soup", and there has always been much debate about the accurate meaning of "soup", and Mr. Wang Li once made a judgment:
"A soup is meat with juice, so its word comes from lamb. The old Ci Hai Yun: 'Soup, the sum of the soup to the five tastes.' The new "Etymology" cloud: "Soup, and flavor of soup." The new "Ci Hai" Yun: "Soup, which originally refers to the soup of the five flavors, also refers to the food cooked into a thick liquid." It's all wrong. The mistake is to say that soup is a soup, but it should actually be said that soup is a kind of meat. Erya Shiki: 'Meat is a soup. The dishes used by the ancients for rice were often only a bowl of meat, and that bowl of meat was called 'soup'. "Zuo Chuan Yin A.D.": '(Uncle Ying kao) has been dedicated to the public, the food given by the public, the meat of the house, and the public question. To the king: "The little man has a mother, and all of them taste the food of the little man, and they have not tasted the soup of the king, please leave it behind." "The front says 'meat', the back says 'soup', so it can be seen that 'soup' is meat. "Later Han Shu Successive Biographies": "Continuing to be imprisoned, see the soup, and know the work of the mother." The onion will be broken, and the meat will be square, so as to know it. "The soup is the meat, and here's the meat seasoned with shallots." Since 'soup' is meat with juice, the meaning of the word shifts to soup. That was after the Middle Ages. ...... Different times, the meaning of soup is also different. (Wang Li, "Studying Ancient Chinese to Establish a View of Historical Development", Language and Language Teaching, edited and printed by Anhui Institute of Education, 1983)
We believe this statement is more reliable. Therefore, the original meaning of "soup" should be meat with juice. Later, it developed into a soup with meat.
(Beef with juice)
The "poems" mentioned here refer to the Shang Song Liezu: "There are also [lambs +]. "Now I wrote "soup". It means that the meat soup is prepared again.
[Lamb +] also refers to boiling. Jade · Ministry: "[Lamb +], boil also." ”
The small seal of "[Lamb + ]" is written as shown in the following figure:
([Lamb + ] small seal writing)
3. [Speed +]. Read sù. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Ding food, only reeds and pu." Chen Liu is said to be [speed +], from , rapid sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the food in the ding. Later added: Including vegetables such as reeds and grasses. The place where Chen Liu is located is called Mi Zuo [Speed +]. It has a variant character "餗", which is basically written in modern Chinese. The DingZhong food here, Duan Yujie's "Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text": "There is meat, vegetables, and rice in the Ding. Rice and soup are known as millet, and so on. Therefore, the ancient precepts, or the raising of vegetables as words, or the raising of rice as words. "So, [speed+] can refer to all the delicacies.
([Speed + ])
"Poetry Daya Han Yi": "What if its [speed +]? Wei Zhen and Pu. "What are the dishes used?" Tender shoots are fragrant.
The small seal of "[speed + ]" is written as shown in the following figure:
([Speed + ]'s small seal writing)
4. [Yu +]. Read yù. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[Yu +], porridge also." From , Yu Sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is porridge. Judging from its variants, this [毓+] mostly refers to rice porridge.
([Yu + ])
The small seal of "[毓+]" is written as shown in the following figure:
([Yu + ] small seal writing)
5. [Rice + Contempt + ]. Read miè. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[rice + contempt +], Liangzhou means porridge as [rice + contempt +]." "Shape sound word. The original meaning is porridge. Gui Fu's "Zhapu Township Old Smell • Wheat Paste": "In the southern part of Yizhou, soybean barley crumbs are used as porridge, which is called wheat paste. "Obviously, this is dialect usage. However, it also refers to porridge made from wheat beans.
(Wheat porridge)
The small seal of "[rice + contempt + ]" is written as shown in the picture:
([Rice + Contempt + ] small seal writing)
6. [Ear + ].. Read ěr. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[Ear +], powder also." Bait, [ear +] or sound from the eating ear. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is confectionery. Duan Yujie's Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text: "Zhou Li: 'Bait powder. The Food Department says: "Dumplings, rice cakes also." This is called: "Cover the beggar." Rice that is not floured is a cake. Baits, rice flour for bread, and texts are enough for each other. ”
(Cake)
The small seal of "[ear + ]" is written as shown in the following figure:
([Ear + ] small seal writing)
7. [芻+]. Read chǎo. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[芻+], boiling also, from, 芻声." "Shape sound word. The original meaning is stir-frying, that is, putting things in a pot and turning them over to cook or dry. Duan Yujie's Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text: "[芻+], Erya Yinyi quotes the Three Cangs: 'Boiling also. "Sayonara": 'Fire dry matter also.' 'It's different from what it is now. "Guangyun Qiaoyun": "[芻+], the same as 'stir-fry'." ”
(Stir-fry)
[芻+] also refers to a kind of fried dried cake bait in the dialect. Gui Fu 'Zhapu Xiangli Old Wen · 麨": "My hometown (Qufu) and honey or salt to make cakes, cut into small squares, [芻 +] to eat, called [芻 +], that is, 麨也." ”
The small seal of "[芻+ ]" is written as shown in the following figure:
([芻+] small seal writing)
8. [Zhai +]. Read yuè. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[Zhai +], thin out of the inner meat and vegetable soup." From the mane, Zhai sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is to put the meat and vegetables in the boiling soup and boil them slightly. In fact, it is the same as the modern "boiling water". Duan Yujie's Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text: "Meat and vegetables are forced out of boiling soup, which is now commonly known as 煠也." The "煠" mentioned by Duan Yujue is actually the current "fried", which is not the same as "boiling".
(Blanched green vegetables)
The small seal of "[Zhai + ]" is written as shown in the following figure:
([Zhai + ] small seal writing)
9. [Subject +]. Read zhǔ. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[Zhai +], Fu Ye." Simmer, [Zhai +] or from fire. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is cooking. Fu, Xu Kai's "Biography of the Sayings of the Literary System" as "cooking". "Boiling" is a "boiled" variant.
(boiled corn)
The small seal of "[者+]" is written as shown in the following figure:
([者+] the small seal is written as shown in the picture)
10. [孛+]. Read bó. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[孛 +], blowing boiling also." From , Boo. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is that boiling water overflows in a kettle. Duan Yujie's "Notes on the Interpretation of The Words of the Sayings": "Cooking, each book blows, and now from the "Class Chapter". Kettle boiling overflow, each book is kettle overflowing, Song ben is boiling, and now it is determined to be kettle boiling overflow. Nowadays, Jiangsu is commonly known as fire and water boiling overflow to spread out, and the transliteration of [孛+] is also used as the word [孛+]. "The Henan dialect is called silt pot, and the Jiangsu dialect is called the shop pot.
(Overflow pot)
The small seal of "[孛+ ]" is written as shown in the following figure:
([孛+] small seal writing)
([Explanation of words] no. 536, some pictures from the Internet)