Following our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, this lesson talks about the four Chinese characters of the "You" section: "[Fu Wuyue], [屮又], [祟又], 叔". These four characters, the first three words in modern Chinese have been basically used, "uncle" is a common word in modern Chinese, included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, so the focus of this lesson is "uncle". The details of the four words are as follows:
1. [Serve without a month]. (GB font library does not have this word, describe the glyph, "serve" word to remove the "month" part). Read fú. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Zhiye." From again, from jié. Oh, the festival of things also. "Can mean words. Xu Shen believes that the original meaning of "[serving no moon]" is governance. Take a look at the glyph evolution:
(Glyph evolution of [Serving No Moon])
Oracle's "[Serve No Moon]" is a hand pressed on a person's back. It means to hunt people with their hands and capture the enemy. In Oracle, it is more common and is used as a noun to refer to captured enemy personnel. Xu Zhongshu's "Oracle Bone Dictionary": "Like a person who suppresses kneeling with his hand, he will surrender and subdue, which should be the first text of the service." "Sayings": 'Serve, rule also. ' is an extension. ”
(Subdued)
Shang Chengzuo's "Interpretation of the Oracle Bone Script Hidden by fu": "That is, the original character of the service." "[Serve wuyue] In order to obey, he strokes his back from his hand, and the so-called center is pleasing and sincere." That is, ""will either be willing to capture the enemy, or will be willing to obey." Xu Shen's "(holding the festival) governance" is an explanation of the small seal glyph, which is inconsistent with the early glyphs. Taken together, "[Serve No Moon]" is a synagogue. The original meaning is surrender, subdue. It is the original word for "service". "Governance", "service (engaging in... Work) is actually an extension of "". Because "Shuowen Zhoubu" also has the word "service", the detailed explanation of the service is detailed in the word "service".
"[Serve No Moon]" borrows the word "serve" in the classics. Gui Fu's "Proof of Saying The Meaning of Literature": "Classic borrowing words." "Shu Pan Geng": "If the farmer serves Tian Li yong." "It's like a farmer doing field labor. The word "service" here is actually "[serving the moon]", which refers to engaging in field labor.
The small seal of "[Serve No Moon]" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of [Serving No Moon] is written)
2. [屮又] (GB character library does not have this word, describes the glyph, for the upper and lower). Read tāo. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[屮又], slippery also." Poetry Cloud: '[屮又] 兮達兮. 'From again, from again, One day to take also. "Can mean words. There are two original meanings: one is slippery, the other is flirtatious, and the other is take.
According to Dai Jiaxiang's "Jin Wen Da Zidian", the character "弢" is explained: "The original meaning of [屮又] should be the shape of picking pendants with the hand. In this way, both meanings are easy to understand. Reaching out to pick up (women's) pendants has both the meaning of "oily", "frivolous", and the meaning of "taking".
The "poem" here refers to the "poem Zheng Feng Zi Zhen", which is now a work: "picky And Da Xi", and the "Biography of Mao" explains "Pick Da" as "meeting each other back and forth". Xu Hao's "Duan Notes": "Pick up, cover light and dissociative, so it is slippery Taiye." "[屮又] 達、挑達,以及作佻達,[佻達)", is a double-voice continuous word, the sound is not taken from the meaning, there is no such thing as the original word, the false word, [屮又] should take "take" as the original meaning.
In addition to the original meaning, there is another use of "[屮又]. The big name of the drum. "Guangyun Haoyun": "[屮又], waist drum big head name." "Ji Yun Hao Yun": "The head of the Rong Drum is called [屮又]".
(Bronze War Drum)
The small seal of "[屮又]" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of [屮又])
3. [祟又]. (Gb Font Library does not have this glyph, and the glyph is described as left and right again). Read zhuì. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "[祟又], the Chu people call bu qi ji ji "Shape sound word. The original meaning is an ancient name for sacrifice. "Guangyun" is also pronounced as although it is cut, it is suì. Because there is no difference in meaning, we will take the "Sayings" as the standard for the time being.
Wang Guowei's "Yin Virtual Script Hidden in the Shou Tang": "From holding the wood before the display, it is also the name of the sacrifice." Cheng Peiyuan's "Guangshu Answer Questions and Answers": "[Qi] is the competition of the Winter Tournament." 'Winter Race Shrine'. It is said that praying for abundance and asking for water and drought also. The notes of the Zhou Li Duzongren, the Book of Han and the Suburban Ancestral Zhi, and the Urgent Passage are all borrowed for it. Cold is also the colloquial word for "祟又". ”
"[祟又]" also refers to Bu Qi Ji. Obviously, this is the dialect usage, which is what Xu Shen said, "The Chu people call Bu Qing Ji Ji [祟又]." ”
The small seal of "[祟又]" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of [陳])
4. Uncle. Read shū. The explanation given in the "Explanation of Words" is: "Uncle, pick up also." From again, loud and loud. Runan's name is taro as an uncle. Xu Shen thought that Shu was a shape word. The original meaning is to pick. Let's look at the glyph evolution of "uncle":
(Uncle's glyph evolution)
In Jin Wenli, "Uncle" is like holding the shape of digging soil to collect taro. The "bow" resembles a sharp, upper-lying excavation tool on the lower part. Under the "yi" is the shape of soil and taro. "Harvest" is the original meaning of "uncle". Digging taro and picking taro are the two stages of collecting taro, and xu Shen's "picking" is actually an extension of "uncle". Guo Moruo's "Two Weeks of Jin Wen Ci Dashi Examination Interpretation": "Shu Zi ... In terms of the golden glyph, it is actually from holding the ge to dig the taro also. ”
(Taro)
The meaning of picking up is an extension of "uncle". "Zihui Youbu": "Uncle, clean up also." "Poetry Wind, July": "August is broken, September is uncle." "August arrives to pick gourds. September picks up autumn hemp seeds.
However, the original meaning of "uncle" is not commonly used, and there are many commonly used uses:
(1) Calling the husband's younger brother. "Erya Shiqin": "The brother of the husband is the uncle." "Warring States Policy, Qin Ce I": "My wife does not regard me as her husband, and my sister-in-law does not regard me as her uncle." (Su Qin said: ) The wife does not recognize me as a husband, and the sister-in-law does not recognize me as a little uncle. Before Su Qin became famous, he was constantly humiliated by his sister-in-law.
(After Su Qin became famous, his sister-in-law knelt down to greet him)
(2) Father's younger brother. It is also commonly referred to as a man of the same age as his father and younger than his father. "Erya ShiQin": "The father's Kundi, mr. is the father of the world, and the later born is the uncle." Mencius: "Respect your uncle? Respectful? "Should I respect my uncle?" Or do you respect your brother?
(3) In the brother ranking order of "Bo, Zhong, Uncle, and Ji", it means third. "Ceremonial Ceremony: Bo Moufu." Zhong, Uncle, Ji, only what he deserves. Zheng Xuan's note: "Uncle Bo Zhong, the name of the eldest and youngest." ”
(4) Same as "Shu". Good; good. Du Fu's "Hanzhou Wang Dalu Mansion Works": "Yi'er Cai is a famous uncle, and he has more than enough sympathy." ”
(5) Genus. Guangya Commentary: "Uncle, genus also." ”
(6) Pass "Shu". beans. "Zihui Supplement and Youbu": "Uncle, Bean also, and Shu Tong." "Zhuangzi Lieyu Kou": "Zimifu Niuhu? Clothes are embroidered with text, and food is eaten by uncle. Lu Deming explained: "Uncle, soybean also." "Have you ever seen a cow that is ready for sacrifice?" It is draped with a brocade embroidered with a pattern and fed with grass and beans. Book of Han and Chronicle of Emperor Zhao: "Sanfu and Taichang Commandery were given to Shusu. "The three auxiliaries and too often should be allowed to pay taxes, and the chestnut and chestnut can be used as money.
(Soybean of "Shu")
In addition, "uncle" is also a surname. "Guangyun Wuyun": "Uncle, surname." Tongzhi Clan Sketch IV: "Shu shi, Ji surname, after Shu Ya, the son of Duke Huan of Lu... Shuya was guilty, drank and died, so Gongsun Zi was made uncle. ”
The small seal of "uncle" is written as shown in the figure:
(Uncle's small seal writing)
([Explanation of words] no. 553, some pictures from the Internet)