Following our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, this lesson should talk about the three Chinese characters of the "and" part: "right, three, fork". These three characters, the "right" character has been discussed in detail in lesson 171, this lesson will not say in detail, "厷" is the original character of "肱", and is not commonly used, and "fork" is a commonly used Chinese character in modern Chinese, included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, therefore, the key Chinese character in this lesson is "fork", and the difference between the hairpin and the plutonium mentioned in the title is detailed in the last paragraph of the article. The three words explain as follows:
1. Right. Read yòu. The explanation given in the "Explanation of Words" is: "Hand and mouth help each other also." From again, from the mouth. Note that the word "right" has already appeared in the front "mouth" part, which is re-emerged here, but the explanation is slightly different, Xu Shen believes that "right" is a ideographic word, the original meaning is help, both from the mouth and from the hand, therefore, we see this word in both the "mouth" and "and" parts. Regarding the classification of the six books on the right, in Li Xueqin's "Etymology", the "right" of the "mouth" part is classified as a shape sound character, and the "right" of the "and" part is classified as a huiyi character. It is because of the differences caused by the different academic directors of the two departments. In fact, the original word for right is "and" (there is no "right" in the oracle bone), that is, the pictogram of the right hand, and after the word "right" appeared later, the specific reason for the word construction is likely to be Xu Shen's "will intention", help, from the mouth, but also from "again". We will not change the old theory for the time being, and still use Xu Shen's saying (in the previous 171 lessons, we did not classify the right as six books): "right" is the meaning of the word ,有意, and the original meaning is help (佑助).
(Help)
For uses other than the original meaning of "right", see Lesson 171.
The small seal of the "right" is written as shown in the figure:
(Small seal on the right)
2. 厷. There are two pronunciations:
(i) gōng. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "On the arm also." From again, from the ancient text. 厶, ancient Chinese, pictogram. Humerus, porphyry or from meat. "Can mean words. The original meaning is the upper part of the arm, that is, the part of the arm from the elbow to the shoulder, which is actually "humerus". 厶 is the ancient Chinese way of writing 厷, like the shape of a curved arm. "Humerus" is a three-body or body. From meat.
(Humerus)
"Hanshu Wang Mang's Biography": "Ri de Yuan's right, Situ Dian to Wen Rui, Kao Yuan Compliance." Yan Shigu's ancient note: "厷, ancient humerus." "The sun symbolizes virtue, just like the emperor's right arm, that is, the Great Situ, is responsible for achieving civil rule, paying attention to harmony and conforming to the rules. "Dunhuang Variations: Biography of the Former Han Liu Family Prince": "The Han Emperor Aixian, with whom he lay on the temple, with his hand pillow xian head. "It's about putting your head on your arm.
(ii) hóng. This pronunciation comes from "Collection rhymes". Same as "macro". Chase. "Ji Yun Farming Rhyme": "Three, Chase also." Generally, macros. ”
The small seal of 厷 is written as shown in the figure:
(Small seal writing)
3. Fork. There are five pronunciations:
(i) chā. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the "Explanation of Words in The Text", and the explanation given is "fork, fingers are wrong." From again, like the shape of a fork. "Refers to the word. The original meaning is that the fingers are staggered and crossed. Because we can't find the ancient glyphs of the forked characters (the earliest glyphs are small seals), we still use Xu Shen's explanation. "Jade Chapters and Parts": "Forks, refer to intersections also." ”
(Fingers crossed)
There are many uses of "fork" beyond this meaning:
(1) Misguided instruments or weapons. For example: steel forks; rice forks. Duan Yujie's "Notes on the Interpretation of Words in The Sayings": "It is said that the fingers and things are also wrong. Van Bu refers to the fork between the wrong things. Therefore, all the heads are forked. Su Shi's "Reply to Qin TaiXu": "Every month Shuo, he took four thousand five hundred dollars and broke it into thirty pieces, hung it on the roof beam, and Pingdan used a painting fork to pick a piece, that is, hid the fork." ”
(Steel fork)
(2) Fork symbol. The shape is an "X", which is generally used to flag something wrong or invalid. The second chapter of the first part of Li Jieren's "Big Wave": "I saw him put a cross on my name. ”
(Points deducted for crosses)
(3) Thorns. "Later Han Shu Ru Lin Chuan Yang Zheng": "The head of the han is also a fork in the government, hurting the chest, and the government is still not retreating." Xu Tou used his halberd to stab Yang Zheng again, stabbing Yang Zheng in the chest, and Yang Zheng still did not retreat.
(4) Take something with a fork. "Orthographic Pass Ando": "Fork, take also." Tang Dynasty Li Qunyu's "Xianmingzhou Slogan": "Banpu night song smells soup paddles, a star of fire illuminates the fork fish." ”
(Forkfish)
(5) Push outward with a stuck hand or appliance. The third time in the "History of Ru Lin": "After a command, the two sides walked past a few wolf-like public servants, and forked the boy with his arms, all the way with his head, and forked outside the gate." ”
(Fork the gangster)
(6) Plug. Tang Xianzu's "Peony Pavilion Persuasion Farmer": "Bamboo hedge hut wine flag fork, rain over the cooking smoke a wisp of oblique." Fang Zhimin's "Lovely China": "With his hands crossed in his trouser pockets, a vicious smile appeared on his face." ”
(Wine flag fork)
(7) Play (mahjong). The twenty-first time in the "Official Record": "His own love is gambling, and he often invites a few good friends to his home to fork the sparrow (will)." ”
(8) Night fork. A legendary cannibalistic evil spirit in Buddhism.
(Night Fork)
(ii) chá. This pronunciation appears in dialects. Blocking; blocking. For example, the intersection makes the vehicle forked; the valley is forked, and the reservoir is built.
(c) chǎ. Separate; open. For example: crossed legs.
(Forked cat)
(iv) chà. There are two usages:
(1) Use the same as "fork". Song Huihong's "Summer": "The smoke rises at the intersection of the three forks, and there are one or two white tile green flags." ”
(Three Forks)
(2) Same as "杈". Branches protruding from the trunk. Guangya Shimu: "Fork, strand branch also." ”
(Branches)
(e) chāi. It is pronounced from "Hongwu Zhengyun". Jewelry for ancient women. Shaped like a fork. Later, it was called "钗". "Hongwu Zhengyun Jieyun": "钗, woman is ambiguous." "Sayings" was originally forked. In fact, the difference between "hairpin" and "钗" lies in this, "hairpin" is a single strand, and "plutonium" is a kind of jewelry that is crossed by two strands of hairpins, like a "hairpin" divided into "forks". In ancient times, "hairpin" can be used by both men and women, but "钗" is more used by women, and "钗" is mostly used in cultural meaning for love keeps or covenant keepers (because it is two parallel jewelry, which has a common symbolic meaning representing the parallel and common symbolism of both sides), and the name of Baochao in "Dream of the Red Chamber" may also originate from this.
(Butterfly Noodles)
The small seal of the "fork" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Forked small seal notation)
([Explanation of words] no. 546, some pictures from the Internet)