Then for our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, this lesson only talks about one Chinese character in the "Struggle" department: "鬭". We can first put the answer to the question in the title: in modern Chinese, two words can be universal, and "鬭" is actually a variant of "斗", which is a different way of writing a word. Since it can be universalized, why are there two glyphs of "bucket" and "mane"?
(The glyph of 鬭 in the Great Dictionary of Chinese Calligraphy)
In fact, in the pre-Qin period, the meaning of the word "struggle" is "struggle", and later because this glyph outer frame is easily mixed with "door", in the Warring States period, in order to distinguish the outer frame of "struggle" and "door", people created "mane, bow, fish, beard", "閗" and other glyphs, replacing "fight", "bucket" word gradually withdrew from application. Note that in the "Chinese Calligraphy Dictionary" included in the famous calligraphy glyphs, "鬭" in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming period was written "door" character frame, during this period, the "dou" character in people's daily use basically disappeared, to the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially in the Qing Dynasty, primary school Daxing, philologists original Qingyuan, "斗" returned to people's daily use, "鬭" character coexisted as a variant character. Obviously, during the Warring States period to the Song and Yuan dynasties, the meaning of the word "fight (struggle)" other than the word "鬭" was actually misuse influenced by Xu Shen.
Let's look at the detailed explanation of the "mane".
struggle. Read dòu. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "鬭, encounter also." From the fight, the clamor. Xu Shen believes that "鬭" is a shape and sound character, and the original meaning is to meet; to cooperate. Duan Yujie's Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text: "Whoever is in the clouds of this day is the reason for encountering." In fact, the glyph of the struggle can explain the problem, and two people who fight will inevitably meet, so the meaning of "encounter" explained by Xu Shen is actually an extension of "struggle". However, due to the great influence of the Shuowen Jiezi, the word "鬭接" still exists in a large number of dialects, such as Sichuan and Hunan dialects.
"Chinese Zhou": "Gu and Luohu will destroy the palace." "It means that the valley water and the Luo water are competing for the current, and the water level is soaring, and it is about to flood the palace." However, it also makes sense to interpret it as the confluence of valley water and Luoshui (encounter).
(Tani, Raku Meeting)
"鬭" also refers to relative. Zhang Xiang's "Poetry, Song, and Rhetoric" Volume II: "Yu, Ju is also right. Su Shi's "Remembering Dreams palindrome Two Songs" No. 2: "Red roasted shallow Ou new fire, dragon tuan small mill blue window." ”
But for the most part, the "mane" is used for fighting; fighting righteousness. It is "fighting." Tang Dynasty Huilin's "All The Sutras and Sounds" quotes the Cangjie Chapter: "Mane, fight also." "Analects of Ji Shi": "Flesh and blood are strong, and the precepts are in the beard." "When we are in our prime, and our flesh is full of energy, we must be vigilant not to be victorious and fight."
(Fight)
"History of Fan Ju Cai Ze Lie": "The people are timid and brave in public war, and the people of this king are also." "The people do not dare to fight over private matters, but they bravely fight for the country, which is a good people on which to establish the king's business."
He also directed the fight. "Warring States Policy Qi Ce I": "Linzi is very rich and practical, and its people all blow drums, build a piano, a chicken and a dog, and a six-bo and [foot]. "The people of Linzi are very rich, and ordinary people will play the pipe, drum, build, play the piano, fight cocks, race dogs, six Bo, and play football. Cockfighting is making chickens fight.
(Cockfighting)
It also refers to competition; competition (also a derivative of "fight"). Tang Dynasty Huilin's "All The Sutras and Sounds" volume 44 quotes the "Character Mirror": "Mane, Jingye." Yan Shu's "Fisherman's Pride": "Yue Nu Cai Lian River north bank, light radius and short radius with the wind, human appearance and flowers are beautiful." ”
(Hundred Flowers)
In addition, there are other uses of "鬭":
(1) The ancient astronomical term, astrological strike, is the interlacing and clutching of stars. "History of Tianguan Shu": "When the stars enter the moon, their wild ones are phase by phase; with the Taibai mane, their wilds have broken armies." "The star of the year is hidden behind the moon, and there is a banished prime minister in the field; the star of the year and the white star are in a reciprocal clutch, and there is an army in the field where it is defeated.
(2) Chaos. Zhang Xiang's "Poetry, Song, and Phrases" Volume II: "Judas, Judah, Chaos." Han Yu's "EighteenThrenciative Laws of the Chu Nan Food Yiyuan": "Zhang juches the vest note, and the beard presents itself with a strangeness." ”
(3) Used as an adverb. Indicates the mood, which is equivalent to "sudden". Later written "Steep". Zhang Xiang's "Poetry, Song, and Phrases": "鬭, Ju Steep Also, Dun Ye." "Later Han Shu Guangwu Emperor Chronicle": "The lieutenants Ruyun and Wang Long and more than twenty other people were separated, and everyone who heard about it knew: 'Lian Gong is dead, and I am the one who lives.'" 'Thieves, all killed in battle.' "Smelling" means "steep smelling", suddenly hearing the news. "Xu Xia's Travels and Travels iv": "It is late, the southwest wind is strong, the boat travels thirty miles, to the sea mouth berth." "Wind, referring to steep winds, sudden winds.
(4) Used as a preposition. Indicates the use of conditions or opportunities, equivalent to "taking advantage". Wang Jian's "Jiangnan Three Tai Four Songs" No. 4: "The body is strong and healthy early, and the head and white teeth are difficult to chase." ”
"鬭" is also used as a surname. "Yuan He surname 纂· Hou Yun": "After chu ruo'ao in the "Left Biography", there is a beard-like birth of Bobby, bobby sheng gu Yu Yu, ziwen, substitute for Chu Qing, has this surname." ”
The small seal of "鬭" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of "鬭" is written)
([Explanation of words] no. 543, some pictures from the Internet)