Then we followed our "Explanation of Characters in The Sayings" course, which talked about a Chinese character "ju" in the "Ge" Department. "Ju" is a common chinese character in modern Chinese, which is included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, so the content of this lesson needs to focus on memory. Details of the word "ju" are as follows:
bow. There are three pronunciations:
(i) jū. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "Ju, Ju Ju Ye." From the leather, the roar. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is an ancient leather ball made of leather.
(Bow)
Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen Family": "Bow, with leather as a round sac, really with hair, and with a kick as a play." Also known as bowing. Xu Hao's "Duan Notes": "Bow and turn with a sound." That is to say, ju, is 毬, the leather ball in ancient times was called ju, the sound is changed to "毬" (ju and 毬 are not variants, nor ancient and modern characters, but homologous characters). Keju is a sport that has been passed down since ancient times, and is said to be the predecessor of modern football.
(Keju)
"History of Su Qin lie biography": "Linzi is very rich and practical, and its people are all playing drums, playing the piano, fighting cocks and running dogs, and six Bo bowers." "Linzi is rich and solid, and there is no one here who does not play the drums, play the piano, fight cocks and dogs, play chess and kick football. Han Liu told the Beilu: "Keju, it is rumored that the Yellow Emperor did it. Or it originated at the time of the Warring States. "Obviously, the sport of playing football has been around for a long time on the mainland.
In addition to the original meaning of "ju", there are many uses:
(1) Bending. "Chapters of Sea Categories, Birds and Beasts, Gebu": "Ju, Qu ye." "Like bowing. Also be cautious and respectful. Tang Huilin's "All The Sutras and Sounds" Volume 63: "Ju, Kao Sheng Yun: 'Respectfully. "Orthographic Tong Gebu": "Bow, be respectful." "History of Funny Chronicles": "If you have a strict guest, you will bow your head." "If my parents have a distinguished guest coming home, [I] roll up my sleeves and bend over. Sima Zhen's "History of SuoYin": "Bow, qu bow also." ”
(Bow)
(2) Creeping. "Chu Ci Oriental Shuo Chu Fang": "Block Xi Ju, Dang Dao Su." Wang Yi's note: "Creeping is a bow." "Describe loneliness as a homeless place, creeping to sleep.
(3) Birth; Arya Commentary: "Ju, Shengye." Dialects Volume 1: "Ju, Yangya." Chen, Chu, Han, and Zheng juju. "Poetry Xiaoya Tateshina": "The Father gave birth to me, and the mother bowed to me." "Parents, you gave birth to me and raised me.
(Xiao Ya Tsuga)
(4) Love. Tang Huilin's "All Sutras and Meanings" Volume XIX: "Ju, love also." "The New Language of the World: Long-cherished Wishes": "Ju love is too much to be born." "[Huan Chong's] love for Huan Xuan has already surpassed that of his own children.
(5) Childishness. Erya Commentary: "Ju, Nagisa." "Shu Kangyu": "Brothers do not recite bows and mourn, and they are not friends with brothers." "The older brother also does not think of the younger brother's childishness, and is very unfriendly to the younger brother."
(6) Profit; Erya Shizhixia: "Ju, Yingye." Xing Fushu: "It is said that there are many people." "Poetry Xiaoya Jie Nanshan": "HaoTian does not serve, and this bow is lowered." "The Great Lord of the Heavens refused to let the sun shine and bring such a great plague to the human world.
(7) Admonition. Tang Huilin's "All The Sutras and Meanings" Volume XIX: "Ju, sue ye." "Poetry Xiaoya Caiyun": "Chen Shiju Brigade." "Refers to the formation of the oath of division, issuing a declaration of victory.
(Oath Teacher)
(8) High appearance. Zhang Heng's "Nan Du Fu": "Bowing majestically in its hidden sky, looking down at the clouds." Li Shan's note: "Ju, Gao Maoye." ”
(9) Star name. "Dai Li Ji Xia Xiaozheng": "Ju Ze see, Ju He Ye, Star Name Also." ”
(10) Pass "鞫 (jū)". Arya Commentary: "Feng, poor also." Tang Lu Deming explained: "鞫, also as a bow, the same." "There are three usages:
A. Interrogation. "Guangyun Yayun": "Ju, push the poor also." "The Chronicle of Li Silie": "Therefore, the princes of the group were guilty, and they were high (Zhao) and ordered Ju to rule." Therefore, the courtiers and princes were guilty, so they handed it over to Zhao Gao and asked him to interrogate him.
(Interrogation)
B. Poverty. "Book of Pan Gengzhong": "Erzhu himself is self-inflicted." "You yourself are impoverished and troublesome.
C. Exhaustion. Tang Luzhao's "Inscription of Xuanzhou Xinxing Temple": "Therefore, there is Chongji Guangsha, Wen Yong carved, and bowed as an earth stem." "All kinds of bustling things have turned into dirt stems.
(11) To love "Chrysanthemum". chrysanthemum. "Etiquette and Moon Order": "There are yellow flowers in the bow." Lu Deming explained: "Ju, Ben is also a chrysanthemum." "Chu Ci, Nine Songs, And Li Souls": "Chunlan Xi Qiu Ju, long and endless, and the end of the ancient world." Jiang Ji's note: "Ju, Ju Tong." ”
(Yellow chrysanthemum)
In addition, Ju is also a surname. "Guangyun Wuyun": "Surname, out of Donglai." The "Customs and Customs" says: "Han YouShang Shu Ling Pingyuan Ju Tan." There is an actress Ju Jingyuan in the contemporary era.
(ii) qū. This pronunciation is from "Guangyun". There are two usages:
(1) Fruits and vegetables. Dragon Shrine Tejin Gebu: "Ju, lettuce also." ”
(2) Pass "(Kamitake Under the Bow) 麯". yeast. "Ji Yun , House Rhyme": "麯, Shuowen: 'Wine mother also.' Or bow, koji, or koji. Zhu Junsheng 'ShuWen Tong Xun Ding Sheng Fu Bu': "Ju, pretend to be (ShangZhu Xia Ju)." ”
(iii) qiōng. It is pronounced from "Collection rhymes". Bow. i.e. Qian qian (Sichuan qian). Apiaceae. Perennial herb. The rhizome contains volatile oily alkaloids. In traditional Chinese medicine, dried rhizomes are used in medicine.
(Juju)
"The Twelfth Year of Zuo Chuan Xuangong": "There are mountains and bows? None. Du pre-note: "Bow so wet." Kong Yingda Shuo: "The Materia Medica has a root and is the name of the herb. "Is there a river root?"
The small seal of "Ju" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Ju's small seal writing)
([Explanation of words] no. 520, some pictures from the Internet)