Then in our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts" course, this lesson talks about the first three Chinese characters of the "Ge" Department: "鞹, 靬, (Ge Ge)", which are all rare characters in modern Chinese, and "(Ge Ge)" is no longer included in the GBK character library. Therefore, the content of this lesson is enough. The details of the three words are as follows:
1. 鞹. Read kuò. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "鞹, de-fur also." The Analects says: 'The leap of the tiger and leopard. 'From Ge, Guo Sheng. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is to remove the fur of the skin. In fact, it is "revolution". Here is a quote from the Analects of Yan Yuan: "The Tiger and Leopard's Yin Yu Dog and Sheep's Yang." The present Analects are written as "鞟." Tigers and leopards whose fur has been stripped are like dogs and sheepskins that have been stripped of their fur.
(frosted cowhide)
Gui Fu's "Explanation of The Meaning of Words in The Interpretation of Texts": "鞹 is an alias for Ge. In other words, "鞹" and "leather" are synonymous, both refer to the skin of the fur. The variant of the character 鞹 is written as 鞟, and the sound from which it follows is a variation of the ancient character "郭".
By the way, the word "鞟", its usage in addition to the original meaning of "ge", there are two other uses:
(1) Tanning. Liu Xiang's "New Order: Miscellaneous Matters I": "Its Judas are also big, and the way of cracking is also." "It's as big as making leather, but that's what's going to split. It also refers to wrapping in leather. Volume 366 of the Taiping Imperial Records quotes Lü Shi Chunqiu: "It is to make the officials smash their fists." High temptation: "To leather sac its hands also." "It was (when Guan Zhong was imprisoned in the State of Lu) that officials were sent to put leather around Guan Zhong's hands (to escort him to the State of Qi).
(Guan Zhongxiang)
(2) Boots. The Fifth Dynasty Gao Yanxiu's "Tang Que Shi Xi Shangshu Rat Demon": "Ri Su Xing, will see things, the belt has been completed, the left hand is led, before the foot is trapped, suddenly a giant rat crosses the court, and dances in the north arch." "I got up early in the morning, I was going to go out to run errands, and when I was finished, I was about to put on my boots in my left hand, and my feet had not yet been put in, when suddenly a huge rat came to the front of the court, arching and dancing in the north direction.
(Ancient boots)
The Shuowen Jiezi does not include the word "boot", and the ancients expressed the meaning of the word "boot", either using "鞟", or using the word "鞾 (xuē)" that will be mentioned later.
The small seal of "鞹" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Written in the small seal of the leap)
2. Jing. There are four pronunciations:
(a) jiān. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "Jing, Qiange also." Wuwei has Lijing County. From leather, dry sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is dry leather. The "dry" here is the "dry" dry without moisture.
"Guangyun Mountain Rhyme": "Li Jing, the name of the country, in the western region, its people are good at dazzling. "The Book of Han, The Western Regions, and the Rest of the Kingdom": "With the great bird eggs and the dazzling people, the Son of Heaven said." "[The emissaries of the Sabbath Kingdom] also presented camel eggs and ploughs to the emperor of the Han Dynasty who played magic tricks, and the emperor was very happy. Note that the "犂靬" here is not the "Li Jing" recorded in the Shuowen, but refers to the Great Qin State in the western region of the Han Dynasty, which included the countries along the Mediterranean coast such as Egypt. Its location is roughly as shown in the figure:
(Location of Ancient Country)
There is also a usage of "靬", which is the name of Zhuge Liang's "flowing horse" part. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, ShuZhi, Zhuge Liang": "Wooden cattle and flowing horses, all unexpected." Pei Songzhi's note quotes "Zhuge Liang Ji Zuo Mu Niu Liu Ma Method": "The shape is like an elephant, and the mound is four inches long." ”
(Imitation of wooden cow and horse)
(ii) qián. Pronounce "Ji Yun" and "Guang Yun". Dedicated to "Li Jing". The word. The name of the ancient county, the original site is in the south of present-day Yongchang County, Gansu Province. The Shuowen says that "Wuwei has Lijing County." "Refers to this Li Jing, also written Li Jing. Wang Yun's "Reading of The Sayings": "Shi Zhou said: 'Li Jing is the country of the Western Regions, and the Han Dynasty has placed counties with its descendants. ’”
(Lijing Ancient City)
(iii) kān. It is pronounced from Guangyun. There are two usages:
(1) Bow coat. "Jade Chapter, Gebu": "Jing, wear a bow coat." "Guangyun Hanyun": "Jing, bow coat." "It's the leather sac with the bow."
(2) Sagittarius. "Jade Chapters and Gebu": "Jing, Sheng Ya Instrument." "An instrument for bows and arrows."
(iv) hàn. It is pronounced from "Collection rhymes". There are two usages:
(1) The collective name of saddles. "Ji Yun Han Yun": "Jing, horse quilt." ”
(Crystal horse and its saddle)
(2) Same as "釬". Arm armor. "Guan Zi Jie": "Huan Gong Tomorrow Yi zai, Guan Zhongyi Pengchao, Gong Wang's second son, Chi Bow shedding the bow." (The present edition of the Pipe is "釬.") The next day, Huan Gong shot a hunt near the rice barn, Guan Zhong and Kui Peng came to see them together, and when Huan Gong saw the two of them, he took off his bow and armor.
(Arm armor)
The small seal of "靬" is written as shown in the figure:
(The small seal of the thunderbolt is written)
3. (GBK does not have this glyph, it can only describe glyphs). Read luò. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "(Ge Ge), raw leather can be a bundle of wisps." From the leather, each sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is raw leather. Raw leather can be made into a ribbon, because it refers to raw leather.
(Leather ribbon: leather rope)
Niu Shuyu's "School Record of Speaking Texts": "The Jade Chapter: 'Raw Leather Wisps.' "Guangyun Duoyun": "(Ge Ge), Shengge." "Mozi Beixiao": "Let the potter be popped, allow more than forty buckets, because of the obedience to thin (leather) leather." Sun Yi let "MoziJian Praise": "Shun as a 幎 (mì, covering). ...... Solid pipe to thin (leather) leather, said to be leather firmly covered poppy mouth also. "Order the potter to burn a large and small jar, the size of which can hold more than forty buckets, and to cover the altar with thin leather and put it into the well (to hear the direction of the enemy's digging tunnel). "Lü's Spring and Autumn Ancient Music": "It is drummed up with elk (ge ge) placed on the mole." "(Quality) and beat the elk's pimon on the clay vessel. This is actually the most original drum.
(Skinned drums)
The small seal of "(GeGe)" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of "Ge Ge" is written)
([Explanation of words] no. 514, some pictures from the Internet)