Then our course "Explanation of Characters in Shuowen", because our course is explained in the order of the words of "Shuowen", so the strange words are not skipped, and this lesson talks about the six strange words of the "Revolution" Department in order: "鞀, [Ge Grievance], 鞞, 鞎, 鞃, 鞪". The details of the six words are as follows:
1. Tarponite (mole). Read táo. The explanation given by the "Explanation of Words" is: "Tarpon, Tatsumi Liaoye." From the revolution, the call. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is 鞀辽. Tatsuragi is an ancient type of drum. In addition, the Shuowen mentions several variants of the tarponite: "鞉, [Shanggu Xiazhao]", and also mentions the glyph of the tartar "[Shangyi Xiazhao]". The word commonly used in modern Chinese is "鼗". Because there are so many glyphs, Duan Yujie's "Notes on the Interpretation of Words in The Text" believes: "This compound character has not been deleted." ”
(Pre-Han Dynasty)
"Tartar" is now commonly written as "鼗", which is a musical instrument, now a long-handled drum, commonly known as the drum of pulling waves or the drum of cargo lang. Before the Han Dynasty, the drum had pillars running through it and was erected in time; after the Han Dynasty, it changed to the current form. "Jade Chapter, Drum Department": "The mole, like a drum and small, is also a tarpon." "Zhou Li Chunguan Xiaoshi": "Palm teaching drums, moles, 柷, 敔, 埙, 箫, pipes, strings, songs." Zheng Xuan's note: "The mole is as small as a drum, holding its handle and shaking it, and the side ear also hit itself." ”
(The tarpon in the hands of the later generations)
Lu Xun's "Collection of Collected Pieces and Supplements: My Seed Pox": "The same toy is Zhu Xi's so-called 'holding its handle and shaking it, then both ears still hit themselves'. In fact, this passage first came from Zheng Xuan, not Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi was quoted.
(Lu Xun's "Collection of Collected Remains supplement" book shadow)
The small seal of "tartar" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of the tarponite is written)
2. [Redress of injustice]. Read yuǎn. The explanation given in the Commentaries on the Interpretation of Texts is: "The [reform of injustice] in measuring things." One: Lyric well [reform]. Ancient Egret. From leather. Grievances. "Shape sound word. There are two original meanings: one is that it is an ancient instrument for measuring things. Another meaning is that it is a tool for digging wells to get mud. In ancient times, it was made of leather. There are variants of "". Whether it is from "injustice" or from "Wan", there is the meaning of "bending", because according to the "Sayings", "wronged, qued also." "Wan, the grass is self-covering also." So this word is a word in sound.
These two meanings can be said separately:
The first meaning is that it was an ancient instrument for measuring things. Zhang Shunhui's "Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text": "With leather as the ruler, it is like the leather ruler of the present." "The leather ruler needs to be "bent" into a ball when not in use.
(Vintage Leather Tape Measure)
The second meaning, Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen System": "Lyrical well, now yan Taojing also." [Reform], the tool for taking mud. Zhang Shunhui's "Commentary on the Interpretation of The Words of the Sayings": "Today, the soil is taken from the ji, commonly known as the [Ge Unjust] Ji." Ming Dynasty Fang Yizhi 'Tongya Vol. 34 Instrument Uses': "Dialect: Basket Yue [Ge Grievance], Wulin is called the Water Pocket." Huang Kan's "Spring Language": "The present-day Wuxiang language is called shengni zhi zhi [ge unjust] pocket." ”
(Wicker dustpan)
In fact, it is formed after the wicker or bamboo strip is bent, so it has the meaning of "injustice" and "wan". In addition, after the dustpan is contained, it is often eventually poured out into other containers, so it is a bit "wronged", and in the Henan dialect, some people call the dustpan "fool", which is also the reason. As for why it is in the "leather" department, it is because in the early days it was often made of leather, and there are dustpans for filling dirt made of old tires on modern construction sites.
The small seal of "[Revolutionary Injustice]" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of [Ge Unjust] is written)
3. Whip. There are four pronunciations:
(a) bǐng. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "鞞, knife room also." From leather, humble voice. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the sheath of the sword. Tang Huilin's "All The Sutras and Sounds" volume 56 quotes "Dialects": "(Sword cutting) Kanto Yue cut, Kansai Yue Yue. "Poetry Daya Gong Liu": "Wei Yu and Yao, 鞞琫容刀." Kong Yingda Shuo: "The whipper, the name of the sheath of the sword." "It is said that the whip is an ornament at the end of the sheath of the knife. Dai Zhen's "Mao Zheng Shi Kao Zheng Zhan Pi Luo Yi Ii Chapter": "Under the sword, nai wei ye." ”
(raw cowhide sheath)
(b) bì. The ancient tong "bì" refers to a kind of clothing that was hidden in front of clothes during the ancient hajj or sacrifice. "Lü Shi Chunqiu Lecheng": "Mí (refers to the newborn fawn) Qiu and Wan, throwing it into the invincible." "Dressed in a deerskin coat and knee-covering, it's okay to abandon him. Qing Dynasty Bi Yuan's "Correction": "The old blackmail of the character 鞞. Case: As 韠, it is the same as 芾 and 绂字. ”
(Location diagram of 韠 [绂])
(c) pí. There are two usages:
(1) Pass "mole". Drum name. "Ji Yun Qi Yun": "Ding, Shuowen: 'Ride the drum also.' or whip. Zhu Junsheng's "Speaking of Wen TongXun Dingsheng And Xiebu": "鞞, under the guise of 鼙,"
(2) Same as "pi". The name of the county. Qin. In the middle of the present-day Chengdu Plain in Sichuan Province. "Ji Yun Zhi Yun": "Pi, the name of the county, in Shu, or as a whip." ”
(Pixian Douban)
(iv) bēi. Dedicated to the term "bull whip". The name of the ancient county. Han Place. The ancient city was in the east of present-day Jianyang County, Sichuan Province. "Guangyun Zhiyun": "鞞, Niuyi County, in Shu." "The Book of Han and Geographical Chronicles is contained.
The small seal of "whip" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Small seal writing of the whip)
4. Lute. Read hén. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "鞎, Che Ge Qian Yue. From the leather, the sound of the gun. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the leather cover in front of the ancient car box. Erya Shi ji: "Before the Revolution of The Public Opinion, it is called the Lu ( fú , the cover behind the car " . Wang Yinzhi's "Jingyi Narrative": "鞎, Che Lu ye, with leather as the basket, is called the former Aslugi, and in the latter it is called 笰." The limit of the words of the Tatsumi is also limited. Limit the inside and outside, so that the dust can not enter also. "Poetry Qi Feng Zai Drive": "Zhu Yun. Kong Yingda omitted Li's note: "Before the revolution of public opinion, it is said that before the revolution of public opinion, the leather is used as a car decoration. "The front curtain hangs low red.
(Approximate location of Tatar)
The small seal of "鞎" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of 鞎 is written)
5. Martingale. Read hóng. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Martingale, Che Shi also." From leather, hongsheng. The poem "Miè" reads ruoqi. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the leather wrapped in the middle of the wheel. "Hail shallow drapery" is from "Poetry Daya Han Yi", which refers to the leather wrapping of the middle of the hub, and the shallow fur of tiger skin covering the hub. The body of the car wrapped in tiger skin shows that the car is very well decorated.
(Location of the hub)
Wang Yun's "Reading of Saying Words and Sentences" is "the target of the car". The target finger is the wrapping (see lesson 517). The middle section of the wheel is where people hold it by hand, so it is tied with leather. Duan Yujie's "Notes on the Interpretation of Words in The Sayings": "It is said that the people in the skin of the hair removal are relied upon." "Same opinion.
The small seal of "martingale" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Small seal writing of the martingale)
6. 鞪. There are two pronunciations:
(a) mù. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the "Explanation of Words", and the explanation given is: "鞪, the axle bundle also." From the leather, the sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is a belt that is tied and reinforced on the rut. Also as a decoration. The axle trim shown in the picture.
(鞪)
Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen Lineage": "Tie the axle with leather and make it crack." "The system here refers to stopping. In ancient times, in order to prevent cracking, it was wrapped in leather, which is "鞪". Gui Fu's "Proof of Sayings of The Meaning of Literature": "This is synonymous with the sound of "楘" in Mubu. 楘 is 辀 (that is, rut) bundle, 鞪 refers to shaft bundle. Wang Yun's "Explanation of the Text": "The word 鞪 and 楘 is the word, and the one who is bound is leather, and the one who is bound is muye, so the two are subordinate." "It's all wrapped in leather. It's just that the parts are different, so it becomes two words.
"Poetry Qin Feng Xiao Rong": "Xiao Rong Li harvest, five Liang Yuan." "Here the word "楘" is used, referring to the rut, the chariot is light and shallow, and the five leather strips are wrapped around the rim.
(ii) móu. It is pronounced from Guangyun. Dedicated to the word "鞮鞪", i.e. 鍪鍪. helmet. "Guangya Shi Ji": "The Hood is called the Gizzard." Wang Niansun's "Guangya Evacuation Evidence": "鞪 and 鍪 are connected at the same time." "The Book of Han And the Biography of Han Yanshou": "Ordering the knight's military vehicle to camp Chen on all sides, he was taken by the armored man on the horse, holding the crossbow and carrying the crossbow." Yan Shigu's ancient note: "鞮鞪 is also 鍪也." "Order the cavalry to be deployed on all sides, dressed in armor and wearing a helmet, riding on a horse, holding a crossbow and carrying a basket.
(Helmet)
The small seal of "鞪" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Written in small seals)
([Explanation of words] no. 521, some pictures from the Internet)