preface
In the verses of the ancients, there were often sentences without predicates, and some used words of other parts of speech instead of verbs as predicates. Some simply omit predicates.
These sentences without predicates are incomplete sentences.
Today we are talking about a 2-3 structure. The content comes from Wang Li's Chinese poetics.
First, the first 2 words of adjectives, the last 3 words of nouns
1、FF+N-qN
Quantity word, denoted by q. For example: a thousand poems of agility, a glass of wine. Ethereal, agile, agile, adversity are all adjectives here. These two verses are a combination of adjectives + nouns, with no predicates.
In terms of the content of the verse, the subject is omitted, Li Bai, the predicate is omitted, composing poetry, drinking. Li Bai was very agile in composing poems, and he completed a thousand poems in a moment. Li Bai was alone, and there was only a glass of wine to dispel his sorrows.
From the meaning point of view, the two nouns of poetry and wine in these two sentences seem to play the role of verbs.
From Du Fu's "Gone" in the Tang Dynasty:
Not seeing Li Shengjiu, it is really sad to pretend to be crazy.
The world wants to kill, and I want to have mercy on them.
Agility - a thousand poems, drifting zero - a glass of wine.
Kuang Shan Reading Office, head white good return.
2、FF+F-NN
The third word is an adjective. For example: Decay - Long Wind and Dust. Long is an adjective, meaning long-term drifting in the wind and dust.
Du Fu's "Shangbai Emperor City":
Jiangcheng contains perversion, one new after another.
Heaven desires rain today, and the mountains return to the ancient spring.
Hero - residual cause, decay - long wind and dust.
Get drunk on other countrymen and meet the people of the old country.
Bing Ge still embraced Shu and gave Qin a strong defeat.
It is not a matter of annoyance, but of deep fear and damage to God.
3、FR-ntN
r, denoting overlapping words, fr, is the adjective of overlapping words. t, indicating the bearing.
For example: few - hill in the middle of the thought, small - lake heart, uplink thought and downlink of the heart, are all nouns.
From Chang Jian's "Yanju":
Moss often fills the road, and the water returns into the forest.
Far away from the city, the sun smells of chickens and dogs deep.
Few - in the hills, in the small - on the lake.
Xiao Ao turned to desirelessness, and did not know that Lu Shen had become a land.
Second, the first 2 words of the noun as the subject, the last 3 words of the noun
NN-qqN
This sentence pattern is similar to the previous one, and there is no verb as a predicate.
Pass - three thousand miles, fireworks - ten thousand weights. Du Fu was in Langzhong, learned of the war situation in Chang'an, and lamented that guanxi was thousands of miles away, and the fireworks were heavy in front of him.
The upper link omits the distance, the lower link omits blooming, and there is no predicate. In Wang Li's article, the last 3 words are adjective predicates (three thousand miles, ten thousand weights), and there is no verb.
Du Fu's "Five Songs of Wounded Spring, Ba Lang Secluded, Wounded Spring Strikes, And The Palace Has Been Closed Before Spring":
Although the world is full of soldiers, the spring light is self-evident.
Xijing was tired of hundreds of battles, and the Northern Que was a group of murderers.
Pass - three thousand miles, fireworks - ten thousand weights.
Dust clears the road urgently, and who provides.
Yin restored the former king's way, and Zhou moved the old country.
Penglai foot cloud qi, should be combined from the dragon.
Another example: Bird Road - a thousand miles, ape sound - twelve hours.
From Wang Wei's "Sending Yang Changshi to Guozhou":
The praise does not allow xiǎn, and the son goes nowhere.
Bird Road - a thousand miles, apes - twelve o'clock.
Guanqiao Matsuri sake brewer, Yamaki Girl Shrine.
Farewell to the bright moon, the king should listen to the rules of the child.
Third, the first 2 words of the noun as the subject, the last 3 words of the direction or time language, no verb
1、NN-nNt
Directional language, denoted by t, for example: mountains and rivers - heavenly eyes, world - dharma body. These two sentences omit the predicate "in", which indicates the direction of the mountains and rivers and the world in the eyes of heaven and the Dharma body.
Wang Wei's "Summer Over the Qinglong Temple Gurudwara (Co-authored with Pei Di)":
Long Zhong an old man, Xu Bu Gurudwara Zen Palace.
To ask righteous righteousness, to know emptiness and emptiness.
Mountains and rivers - in the eyes of heaven, in the world - in the Dharma body.
No wonder it is hot and can produce earth wind.
Another example: NN-fNt, Mu Mu - Outside the Lonely City, Jiangcun - Chaotic Water. The third word is an adjective.
From Du Fu's "Xiang Xi":
Mu Mu - outside the isolated city, Jiangcun - chaotic water.
The deep mountains are short,the trees are easy to get windy.
Cranes are near the clouds, and chickens are in the same grass house.
The piano book scatters candles, and the long night begins and ends.
2、fN-nnN
Distant peak - spring snow, spring snow, direction language; cold bamboo - twilight time, twilight time, time language. The upward link position and the lower joint time are more appropriate ways to fight.
From Han Hong's "Tongzhongshu Liu Sheren Inscription Qinglong Shangfang":
After the return of Xiye, Donglin was quiet.
Distant peaks - spring snow, cold bamboo - twilight time.
Laugh at the golden man and listen to the baoyue poem.
More pity tea is happy, good out of the lower late.
Conclusion
Today's 2-3 structure has a characteristic, that is, there is no obvious predicate. The first 2 words are nouns or adjectives, and the last 3 words are noun phrases.
There are many verses without predicates, which are omitted mainly for reasons of length. The verses are short and unavoidable. However, it is precisely because of the removal of verbosity that the imagery is highlighted and more poetic.
Lao Jie looked at his own work, "Reading Chen Ziang Youzhou Tai Song Youhuai" has a sentence: Wind and rain - Jiangshan Li, Yunping - Four Seas Kuma. The first 2 words are nouns, and the last 3 words are in the directional language.
In your work, are there not many predicate verses?
@Old Street Taste
In the five-word poem, what are the similarities and differences between the incomplete sentence form of the 2-3 structure and the 3-2 structure?