preface
The so-called poet's language refers to the different grammars of poetry and prose, the most common of which is the method of inversion. There is also a reverse dressing method in prose, but the inverted verses in near-body poetry are often illogical in terms of prose grammar.
Especially in the near-body poems, in order to level the requirements of the parity, the battle, the rhyme, etc., there will be many unique inverted syntax.
Regarding the inversion method of near-body poetry, Mr. Wang Li introduced 5 categories in "Chinese Poetic Rhythms".
First, the subject is inverted
Spring - Fan - Fish and Birds, Jiang Tian - Foot - Lotus.
From the sentence pattern, 2-1-2, the first 2 seems to be the subject, the middle 1 is the transitive verb, and the next 2 appears to be the object. Not really.
In fact, fish and birds and lotus are the subject, spring and river sky represent time and direction, as modifiers, and the central language is the subject: fish and bird, and lotus. Complex, foot, is not a thing verb. So, poetically, these two verses should be structured in 4-1:
Kasuga - fish and birds -----, Jiang Tian - Lotus ----- feet.
In addition to avoiding the vulgarity, there is another reason why the poet writes this way is to rhyme. Let's look at the whole poem, Du Fu's "Late Spring Accompanies Li Shangshu, Li Zhongcheng Crosses the Zhengjian Lake Pavilion and Gets the Rhyme":
Hai Nei article Bo, the lake is full of ideas.
YuZun moved to the evening, and Gui Yu sang with a song.
Spring fish and birds, Jiang Tianzu lotus.
Zheng Zhuang guest land, fading white far away.
It is a rhyming poem in which the poets meet, each composes a poem, and rhymes according to the required rhymes. Du Fu got the rhyme part of the rhyme part that belonged to the word "pass", so he had to rhyme the word of this rhyme.
Note: Over, there are two pronunciations of Ping 仄. The flat voice belongs to the [song] rhyme.
Similar sentence forms, for example:
Night foot wet sand rain, spring more against the water wind. The prose word order is: Sand and rain at night - foot, spring against the water and wind - more.
The bamboo hustle and bustle returned to the raccoon girl, and the lotus moved down the fishing boat. The prose sequence is: in the sound of bamboo noise, raccoon girl - return, when the lotus leaves move, fishing boat - down.
Second, the purpose of the language inverted
This kind of sentence pattern, when Mr. Wang Li explained the five-word near-body verse form, he explained in the 16th category of simple sentences, which is characterized by:
The first 2 words are inverted. Chinese Poetics, Chapter 1, Verse 16.
The purpose language of this sentence is preceded, that is, the first 2 words are the target language. There are 3 types.
1. The subject is 2 words in the middle
Chu Sai - Sanxiang - Jie, Jingmen - Jiupai - Tong. 2-2-1 structure.
The prose word order is: Three Xiang - Jie - Chu Sai, Nine Sects - Tong - Jingmen, Subject-Verb Guest, 2-1-2 Structure. The poet mentions the target language to the first 2 words.
2. The chinese word is a relational language
The second of the 16 types of sentences: the middle two words are relational words. The example sentence is from Wang Wei's "Early Dynasty":
Fang Shuo - Kinmen - Waiter, Ban Ji - Yu Yuan - Ying.
At the Golden Gate - Summoning Servant - Dongfang Shuo, with a jade dragon - greeting - Ban Ji.
3. The middle 1 word is the main language
The third of the 16 types of sentences is: the middle 1 word is the main language. The example sentence is from Du Fu's "Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou":
Divine fish - people - not seen, blessed land - language - true transmission.
Man - do not see the god fish, language - true preaching blessed land. The subject is placed in the 3rd word.
Imitation poems:
The green mountains - people - have gone, the empty valley - birds - still roost. Man has left the green mountains, and birds still inhabit the empty valley.
Empty valley - immortal - live, green mountain - bird and bird - song. The gods and immortals live in the empty valley, and the birds and finches sing on the green mountains.
Third, the subject and the target language are inverted
This sentence pattern has a very famous example sentence, which comes from Du Fu's Five Laws:
Green hanging wind folding bamboo shoots, red blooming rain fat plum.
Regarding this sentence form, Mr. Wang Li's analysis is: the bamboo shoots of the wind fold are green, and the plums of rain and fertilizer are red.
Bamboo shoots and plum are the main language, but inverted in the last word, green and red are the target language, but the front is placed to the first word. Wind folding, rain and fertilizer, are the sentence forms of subject-verb structure, as modifiers, modifying the subject.
Du Fu's "Accompanying Zheng Guangwen to General He's Mountain Forest":
The remaining water is broken, and the remnants of the mountains are open.
Green hanging wind folding bamboo shoots, red blooming rain fat plum.
Silver armor is used to play kites, and goldfish are exchanged for wine.
Move without sprinkling, feel free to sit on the berry moss.
Imitation of poetry, such as: leaves falling - frost to urge the tree, heart frightened - rain to cover.
Fourth, the subject is inverted, and the target language is partially inverted
The subject inversion is well understood, and the inversion of the target language has also been mentioned earlier, but what is a part of the purpose language inversion?
Mr. Wang Li quoted another aphorism from Du Fu here:
Fragrant rice pecking parrot grains, biwu perched old phoenix branches.
The word order of the prose is, parrot - pecking - fragrant rice grain, phoenix - perching old - bi wu branch. The subject is parrot, phoenix, rear positioned in positions 5 and 6. This is easier to understand.
The target language is fragrant rice grain and green sycamore. Among them, Fragrant Rice and Biwu are modifiers, modifiers grains and branches, so some of the target languages are prepended.
From Du Fu's "Eight Songs of Autumn Xing":
Kunwu Imperial Residence is self-contained, and Zige Peak is yin into The Yin.
Fragrant rice pecking parrot grains, biwu perched old phoenix branches.
The beauty picked up the green spring and asked, and the fairy moved in the same boat at night.
The color pen used to dry the weather, and the white head groaned bitterly and hung low.
5. Inversion of verbs of prepositionality
This grammar is common in ancient poetry, for example:
The dove will be carved with a staff, and the shell of the turtle will be used with a support bed.
Will - dove -engrave cane, with - turtle shell - support bed. Will, use, is placed back to the middle of the 3rd word. One of the latter positions is that this structure does not conform to the rhythm of the near-body poems, and is acceptable in the ancient poems. The main reason is that it does not meet the requirements of the flat servant, with - turtle shell - support bed, the flat flat, not the law sentence.
Another example:
The clouds are far apart, and the moon is lonely forever.
Flake clouds - common heaven - far away, eternal night - same month - lonely. The common, the same, should be in the 3rd position, posed to the 4th word. The reason for the latter can be understood as the need for a flat servant, eternal night - the same month - lonely, and the servant is flat and flat, nor is it a law sentence.
The book and sword are wasted, and the smoke and xia officials are idle.
Book Sword - Same Body - Waste, Smoke Xia - Co-Official - Idle. Same, total, should be in the 3rd position, posed to the 4th word.
This sentence pattern fully meets all the requirements of the near-body poetry, and the reason why it is posterior has nothing to do with the flatness is entirely the intention of the poet.
The sword and the body first throw out irrelevant images to make the reader strange, and then find out what they have in common: the same waste. The same is true of yanxia and officials.
Imitation of poetry, such as: falling wood - heart - silence, Yangtze River - people - flow.
Conclusion
The first three of the above five inverted methods are easy to learn, because they have to be reversed because they have to meet the requirements of flatness and rhyme.
However, the latter example of the latter 4th and 5th types (the book sword body is abolished) has nothing to do with ping and rhyme. That is, the author does not do so for some rule, but because of rhetorical necessity. This kind of inversion is not easy to learn.
The front of fragrant rice and biwu makes the reader feel that this is not ordinary fragrant rice and biwu, as if the parrot grain and phoenix branch in the back are all to modify these two words. Make the imagery more prominent.
@Old Street Taste
Grammar of the Vinaya: The transgender of words, Ju Zhan tai bai xue, like to see the martial arts heaven