preface
The two sentences and 113 sentences mentioned today are all sentence forms as a whole, that is, the subject-verb-object structure. But the last three words are in sentence form or predicate form.
The content is still from the part about complex sentences in Mr. Wang Li's "Chinese Poetics". Wang Li divides the verses into three categories:
Those without predicates are called incomplete sentences, those with only one predicate are called simple sentences, and those with two or more predicates are called complex sentences.
First, the sentence form contains the 113 structure of the sentence form
CV-nVN
There is a particularly famous verse in this sentence pattern, which comes from Du Fu's "Accompanying Zheng Guangwen to the Mountains and Forests of General He":
The remaining water is broken, and the remnants of the mountains are open.
Green hanging - wind folding bamboo shoots, red bloom - rain fat plum.
Silver armor is used to play kites, and goldfish are exchanged for wine.
Move without sprinkling, feel free to sit on the berry moss.
Jaw joint, green hanging - wind folding bamboo shoots, red bloom - rain fat plum. C, representing the color, green, red.
An arrow in the opposite direction, indicating inverted. The normal word order should be: wind folding bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots hanging green, rain fat plums, plum blooming red.
Regardless of the problem of inversion, CV-nVN, this sentence form is sentence form, c, green, subject, v, vertical, predicate, followed by the object: wind folding bamboo shoots.
And "wind folding bamboo shoots", itself is also a sentence form: wind, lord; fold, mean; bamboo shoots, guests.
Therefore, this sentence form is "sentence form contains sentence form".
In addition, this sentence pattern can also be written: C-V-nVN, replace it with -, which is the subject-object object (object is an object clause) of normal word order.
But not to be confused with NV-NVN:
Shrew roar - wind rushing waves, fish jumping - sun reflection mountain;
Night long - tide invaded the shore, cold weather - moon near the city;
Wild wilderness - sky low tree, Jiang Qing - moon near people.
This is the structure of subject-verb + subject-predicate-object, not subject-predicate (object clause).
Second, the sentence form contains the 113 structure of the predicate form
1、N-V-vnN
This is also the sentence form, N, subject, V, predicate, the last 3 words are objects (predicate form, verb object structure).
For example: moon-ming-weeping dew, cloud-by-step-crossing stream wind. The moon illuminated the dew on the ground, and the clouds chased the wind across the stream. The whole sentence is the complete sentence form of the subject-predicate object, of which the last 3 words are predicate form, that is, the dynamic object structure: vertical dew, crossing the stream wind.
From Du Fu's "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou":
Qinzhou Shanbei Temple, the temple of Kui Huan.
Moss Mountain Gate Ancient, Danqingye Hall empty.
Moon-ming-weeping dew, cloud-by-one-crossing stream wind
Qingwei is ruthless and extremely ruthless, and when it is sad, it is only to the east.
Third, the sentence form contains the predicate form, inverted
n-FvnN
This sentence form and the previous sentence form "N-V-vnN", only the second word is the difference between the adjective and the verb. Because they are all predicates, they can actually be seen as the same sentence form.
In addition, this sentence pattern can be reversed or not. Even if you invert a sentence, it is not a sentence inverted, but this sentence pattern can be used for upside down. This is true of many sentence patterns in ancient poetry, the same form (sentence form), because of the change of subject and object, in the understanding of content, there will be differences.
For example: night - foot wet sand rain, spring - more against the water and wind.
As mentioned above, n-FvnN, like "N-V-vnN", is actually a sentence form with a complete subject-predicate structure, except that the predicate uses an adjective: many, sufficient.
Night, subject, foot, predicate, sand rain, object. The 3 characters of The Sand And Rain are themselves predicate forms (verb structure).
Therefore, it is also the sentence form that contains the predicate form. However, from the content point of view, Du Fu used the method of inverted loading.
The normal word order should be: sand and rain - foot - night, against the water wind - more - spring. The wind against the water often appears in the spring, and the rain of sand does not stop all night. If you look at it this way, the subject is sand and rain, against the water and wind, the predicate is foot and many, and the object is night and spring.
From Du Fu's Five Laws of Old Sickness:
The old sick Witch Mountain, stay in chu guests.
The medicine is wrapped in a day, and the flowers are bushed last year.
Night - feet wet with sand and rain, spring - more against the water and wind.
Divide the pen together and give it to the pen, as if it were a float.
Conclusion
The three sentence forms mentioned today are all subject-predicate-object structures, and there are only differences in the parts of speech of individual words. In addition, the object has a subject-predicate object structure and a motion-object structure.
As for whether it is reversed, it has nothing to do with the sentence form. The same sentence form, whether it is reversed, depends on the change of content.
@Old Street Taste
In the five-word near-body poem, there are several complex sentences of 221 sentences