preface
In the five-word poem, there is also a sentence form, 5 words form a phrase, that is, a sentence is a word.
This sentence pattern is mostly a 4-1 structure, with the first 4 words being modifiers and the last words being central. But the first 4 words have various variations.
The content is still from Mr. Wang Li's "Chinese Poetics". The letters in the text indicate: n, noun; f, adjective; q, quantity word; t, azimuth; b, proper noun; d, denoting an adverb; v, denoting a verb. Case indicates a master-slave relationship.
First, the last word is a directional language or a time language
1. The first four words are in sentence form
The first 4 words are in sentence form, which is obviously a 4-1 structure of sentences.
1)、nN-dV+N
The first 4 words are the sentence form of the subject-verb structure.
For example: the long flow of the river + the ground, the long flow of the river, is the subject + predicate, as a modifier, modifying the "ground". Shanglian is the place where rivers flow for a long time, and the lower lianshan mountains are thin and twilight.
From Du Fu's "Thin Twilight":
The river flows long + the ground, the mountain clouds are thin and twilight + time.
The cold flowers are hidden in the grass, and the birds choose deep branches.
The old country days,High Autumn heart and sorrow.
Life is no longer good, and the sideburns are white and silky.
2)、nN-V-N+N
The first 4 words are the sentence form of the subject-predicate-object structure, modifying the time language of the last word.
Daughter Linbo + day, God shines the night + year. In the first 4 words, the subject and the guest are very complete: the concubine - pro- wave, the divine light - illumination - night.
From Du Fu's "Two Songs of Covering the Boat":
Bamboo palace when looking to worship, Katsura Hall or ask for immortals.
Daughter Linbo + day, God shines the night + year.
In vain, the sword is slashed, and there is no return to the rhinoceros ship.
The Messenger follows the autumn colors and travels alone to heaven.
2. The first two words are related to the language, and the middle two word predicate form
This is also a sentence pattern with a 4-1 structure.
1)nt-V-N+N
For example: Jiang Shang Yijun + time. The first 2 words of the direction language, the last word of the time language.
From Du Fu's "Sending Du Bits":
The cold day is short, and the poor ape loses its wood and is sad.
In the gorge for the guest + hate, the river remembers the jun + time.
Where is the body of heaven and earth, the wind and dust disease dare to resign.
Seal the book with two lines of tears, sprinkled with new poems.
又如:nn-V-N+N
Wind and dust meet me + land, Jiang Han cries Jun + time. The direction of the last word of the upper link and the time of the last word of the lower link are common battles.
From Du Fu's "Weeping Li Chang Shu Yi Ii":
Qingzhuo accompanied the double entry, and the copper beam blocked a word.
Wind and dust meet me + land, Jiang Han cries Jun + time.
The second time to find the book, Hu'er checked the gift of poetry.
Play the prince table, worthy of the Shi Chen word.
2)ff-tV+N
The first 2 words are adjectives, and the middle 2 words are azimuth modifier verbs.
For example: Old Sick Southern Expedition + Day. Old sickness, described as bad health, south, azimuth word, modifier verb: sign.
However, unlike the upper link, Jun'en is nN, the name of the master-slave relationship.
From Du Fu's Southern Expedition of the Tang Dynasty
Spring shore peach blossom water, cloud sail maple forest.
Stealing growth and avoiding the land, suitable far away is more sticky.
Old sick southern march + day, Jun'en north look + heart.
The song of a hundred years is self-suffering, and there is no zhiyin.
Second, the last word, not the direction language or the time language
1, 4-1 structure
1)、f(v)N-V-N+N
The first 4 word sentence form.
For example: Debater Anbian + Strategy, Yuan Rong Decisive Victory + Wei. This sentence form is easily confused with the subject-verb-object structure. It should be understood as: the strategy of the defender anbian, the power of the Yuan Rong to win the victory.
The first 4 words are the sentence form of the subject-verb structure. Modifier central language: policy, wei.
From the Tang poet Du Fu's "Three Poems of The Western Mountains (i.e., Minshan Mountain, Han Obstruct Qiangyi, Quanshu Giant Obstacle)":
The disciples are still deep, and the siege of the city has not been lifted.
Silkworm cliff iron horse thin, irrigation rice boat thin.
Debater Anbian + Strategy, Yuan Rong Decisive Victory + Wei.
This morning, the black magpie is happy, and wants to repay the triumphant return.
2）、fn-fn-N
The first 4 words are the modifiers of the two famous words of the master-slave relationship, and the modifiers of the central language: shore and boat.
This is more appropriate to think of a 2-2-1 structure than to see a 4-1 structure.
Such as: fine grass - breeze + shore, dangerous tree - lone night + boat. From Du Fu's "Traveling Night Book":
Fine grass - breeze + shore, dangerous tree - lone night + boat.
The stars are flat and wide, and the moon gushes large rivers.
Famous articles, officials should be old and sick off.
Fluttering like, heaven and earth a sand gull.
2, 2-3 structure
1）nt+vn-N
The first 2 word directional language, the middle 2 word predicate form
In front of the bed + mirror grinder, under the tree + shrub gardener.
Wang Wei (Tang) "Zheng Guozhou Xiang passed":
The sun is shining in the spring, and the grass and trees are new at the beginning.
Five horses are frightened of the poor alley, and the two children are old.
The Chinese chef cooks coarse rice, and forgives the Poverty of the Ruan family.
2)f(n)n+f(d)V-N
The first 2 words of time language, the middle 2 words of verb
Autumn + new shadow, cold river + old sound.
From one of Du Fu's "Four Songs of Rain"
Light rain does not slide, broken clouds and return to the line.
The purple cliff runs in the black, and the white bird goes to the edge.
Chai Mo Linye, half mashed incense japonica.
This sentence pattern, mr. Wang Li in the Chinese Poetic Rhythm, is considered to be a sentence pattern with a 2-3 structure.
However, if you think that 5 words are a word, you should think of it as 4-1 sentences, 1, is the central language. For example: the shadow of the new dipping in autumn, the sound of the old falling of the Cold River. The man who sharpens the mirror in front of the bed, the man who irrigates the garden under the tree.
If it is 2-3 sentences, it is: autumn and the shadow of the new dipping, the sound of the cold river and the old fall.
3)qN+ntN
The first 2 words are quantitative, and the middle 2 words are the directional language.
Wanli + Bridge South House, Hundred Flowers + Tanbei Zhuang. It is a little strange that Mr. Wang Li also classified these two sentences as a 2-3 structure. The Wanli Bridge is the place where Zhuge Liang sent Fei Yi out of Eastern Wu, just east of Du Fu Caotang. Baihuatan is Huanhua Creek, south of Du Fu Caotang.
I personally understand that these two poems should be more of a 4-1 structure: Wanli Bridge South - House, Hundred Flowers Pond North - Zhuang
From Du Fu's "Huai Jin Shui Ju Zhi Ii" in the Tang Dynasty:
Wanli + Bridge South House, Hundred Flowers + Tanbei Zhuang.
The layers are all watery, and the old trees are full of frost.
The snow ridge is white, and the Jincheng is yellow.
Pity the shape of the resort, look back at the vast!
4)、tN+qnN
The first 2 words of the azimuth, the middle 2 words of the quantitative language.
Beidou + three more seats, Xijiang + Wanli ship.
From Du Fu's "Spring Night Gorge Prefecture Tian Shi Shi Ting Staying Feast":
The cane climbs the water pavilion and waves the spring.
White hair is annoying and drunk, and the star regrets this feast.
Knowing the cloud and rain gorge, he suddenly went to the edge of the prison.
Another example: Nt + qnN, a night of rain in the mountains, a hundred springs in the trees.
5）、Nt+nnN
The first 2 words of the direction language, the middle 2 words of the time language.
For example, Weibei + Spring Tree, Jiangdong + Sunset Clouds. Wei is a proper noun, generally denoted by B.
From Du Fu's "Spring Remembrance of Li Bai":
Bai Ye poetry is invincible, floating in thought.
Fresh Yu Kai Province, Junyi Bao joined the army.
Weibei + Spring Tree, Jiangdong + Sunset Clouds.
When a bottle of wine, heavy and fine papers.
6）、cN+ntN
The first 2 words are named words, and the middle 2 words are located.
Such as: white flowers + eaves outside the flower, green willow + sill front tip. These two poems are very characteristic, with white flowers outside the eaves and green willow branches in front of the sills.
The poet takes apart the white flowers and willow branches and inserts a directional language in the middle.
From Du Fu's "Title Xinjin North Bridge Building":
Look at the spring city, open a feast near the bird's nest.
White flowers + eaves outside, green willow + sill front tip.
The pond water view is the government, and the kitchen smoke is far away.
Nishikawa offers guests the only way to see it, but this is the outskirts of the river.
7）、fN+BXX
The first two words of time language, the last three words of nouns, the first 2 words, the last 3 words of modification.
Today + Panhuai County, at the same time + Lu Junyi. Panhuai County and Lu Junyi are all proper nouns: Pan Yue, Lu Yun, so they are represented by BXX.
From Du Fu's "Nine Days of Yang Fengxianhui Baishui Cui MingFu":
Today + Panhuai County, at the same time + Lu Junyi.
Sit open the mulberry wine and come to put the chrysanthemum branches.
The sky is clear and frosty, and the public hall cebu is draped.
Late drinking guest dance, the same pool.
8）、nN+nnN
The first 2 word noun, the last 3 word noun.
For example: Jin Room + Danyang Yin, Gongsun + White Emperor City. The first 2 and the last 3 are proper nouns, so they can also be represented by bN-bxN.
From Du Fu (Tang) "Sending Yuan ErShi Jiang Zuo":
After the chaos, we will see each other now, and the autumn will return to the far away.
Wind and dust for the guest day, the river and the sea to send the king's affection.
Jin Room + Danyang Yin, Gongsun + White Emperor City.
After self-cherishing, take the second Mo On Bing.
concentrate:
Some 2-3 sentences that do not use proper nouns have a characteristic:
The first 2 words + the last 1 word can be combined into a word. For example, white flowers, green willow tips; Weibei trees, Jiangdong clouds; rain in the mountains, tree springs. Bedside guest, person under the tree.
The middle 2 words + the last 1 word can also be combined into words. For example: the eaves outside the flowers, the front of the sills; the spring tree, the sunset clouds; the night rain, the hundred springs. Mirror grinder, gardener.
This 2-3 sentence pattern can be understood with 2-2-1 structures, two 2s, double-modified central words (last words).
Conclusion
The whole sentence of the poem is 5 words, which is the sentence form of a word, and most of them are easier to understand as a 4-1 structure. There is also a part of the 2-3 structure, the first 2 words are modified after the 3 words.
The whole sentence is a one-word sentence form, have you used it in your own work? Lao Jie took a look at his own work, and the neck link of the Five Laws "You Laoshan Huayan Temple" once used:
Spring Creek is far to the sea, and the cloud path is deep in Lao. Climb the valley around the bamboo, smell the fragrance and purify the heart.
Wind chimes old monk pagoda, remnants of ancient pine forest. Outside the small zazen door, there was a clear chime sound.
Pagodas with wind chimes, pine forests under the sun. This sentence format often omits the content of "somewhere".
@Old Street Taste
In the five-word near-body poem, 212 structures of incomplete sentence patterns have adverbs without verbs