preface
Continuing the grammar of the near-body poem, today we introduce category 4: the metaphorical method.
Metaphors are metaphors, and there are many forms of figurative methods, and Chen Qi, a Southern Song Dynasty man, divided the figurative methods into ten types in the "Wen Ze":
Metaphor, metaphor, analogy, metaphor, pair, metaphor, metaphor, metaphor, metaphor, metaphor, metaphor.
The classification of Chen Qi is very complicated, and we are now generally divided into categories: metaphors, metaphors, and borrowing metaphors.
Mr. Wang Li also divides the metaphor into three categories, but he distinguishes them from the perspective of position: the front, center, and rear styles.
First, the preposition of the metaphor
The metaphor is in front and the subject is behind, for example:
Powder makeup plum blossoms, gold brush wicker.
To explain it simply, its poetry is: plum blossoms are like powder flakes, wicker is like gold wire.
The three elements of metaphor make up: ontology, metaphor, and figurative words.
These two verses omit the figurative words such as and like. The body is a plum and a wicker, and the metaphor is a powder and a gold wire. It is a metaphor that omits the figurative word.
The beauty of this is that the figurative words are omitted, and two verbs are added: makeup, brush, and a bit of anthropomorphism. The flowers of the plum are made of powder, and the branches of the willow are like gold wire brushes. Figurative words have become sentence forms with the nature of figurative words: powder makeup, gold brush.
From Bai Juyi (Tang) "New Spring River Times":
Pu dry tide did not respond, the embankment wet and frozen first sale.
Powder makeup plum blossoms, gold brush wicker.
Duck head new green water, goose teeth small red bridge.
Mo Wei Ke sound shattered, spring came five horses proud.
Another example is the neck joint:
Duck head new water green, goose teeth small red bridge.
The color of the new water, green like a duck's head, the form of a small red bridge, like goose teeth. The neck joint omits the figurative words such as and like, and there is no verb.
For example, the four verses of the poem can be seen that the metaphor is in the front: powder, gold wire, duck head, goose teeth, and the main body is in the back, so Mr. Wang Li classifies it as: the preposition metaphor.
Second, the mid-positioned metaphor
The second metaphor is: the mid-positioned metaphor. For example:
Mountain tea powder contains eagle syrings tender, and sea grenades are evenly bloomed.
Pink camellias are budding and tender as an eagle's beak, and fiery red pomegranate flowers bloom as evenly as a brocade (the boundary checkerry pattern on the brocade).
To put it simply, camellia is as tender as an eagle's beak, and pomegranate flowers are as even as a brocade.
The main body is in the front: mountain tea, sea grenade, and the metaphor is in the middle, so Mr. Wang Li classifies it as: the middle metaphor.
From the Middle Tang Dynasty poet Yuan Shu's "Early Spring Denglongshan Jingsheng Temple, Shi Fei Xiu Huan, Sikong Concession, Yes Xing, Because of the Gift of the Princes in the Curtain":
Xie Fu knew that the prosperity was new, and Xu Xungao Temple looked at Jiang Chun.
Long Wenyuan swallowed the flat shore, and the horns of the sheep swirled fine dust.
Mountain tea powder contains eagle syrings tender, and sea grenades are evenly bloomed.
Returning laughing and asking everyone who were engaged, there were a few people who took advantage of the idle line.
Third, the post-analogy
The metaphor is followed by a poem called: post-metaphor. For example:
The drunkard drifts down the wind before the swallow, and the poetry society withers the frost after the tung.
To put it simply: the drunkard - such as - the wind before the swallow, the poetry society - such as - the frost after the tong.
The figurative word is also omitted. The main body is in the front: the drunkard, the poetry society, and the metaphor is in the back: the wind before the swallow, the frost after the tong.
The drunkard is likened to a swallow danced by the wind, which is more graphic. But the analogy of the poetry society to a sycamore seems a bit strange. This refers to the withering silence of the poetry society, just like the image of the sycamore after the autumn frost, but in fact, the main body is the atmosphere of withering. The parable of the drunkard and the swallow is actually a metaphor of two forms.
From the Song Dynasty Su Shunqin's "Canglang Pavilion Huaiguanzhi":
The vicissitudes of the waves are not sad, chatting about the danger of the platform in the middle of the four looks.
Autumn colors into the forest red dim, daylight through the bamboo green exquisite.
The drunkard drifts down the wind before the swallow, and the poetry society withers the frost after the tung.
Jun came and went for the time being, drunk and groaning who accompanied the decline.
Another example:
The mountain name Tianzhu Pile Qingdai, the lake number Qiantang poured green oil.
Tianzhu Mountain is like a pile of green daisy, and Qiantang Lake is like a green oil pouring out. To put it simply:
Tianzhu is like Qingdai, and Qiantang is like green oil.
From Bai Juyi's "Answering Questions hangzhou":
Stop the wine cup for me, and talk to Jun about Hangzhou.
The mountain name Tianzhu Pile Qingdai, the lake number Qiantang poured green oil.
The large eaves are equipped with goose teeth, and the small ships also have dragon heads painted.
There are no three hundred waterways, and the official department has to swim again.
In both cases, the metaphorical body is at the end of the sentence, so it is: post-metaphor.
Conclusion
Mr. Wang Li divides metaphors into three categories according to position, which are analyzed from the perspective of studying grammar, rather than from the perspective of studying rhetoric.
Therefore, from the position of the metaphor, it is divided into: pre-type, mid-type, and post-type. Knowing this classification, you can flexibly choose sentence patterns with different structures when creating.
@Old Street Taste
Near-body poetry grammar 03-2, 11 kinds of omission, heard the Lord mention three feet, saw the fool thief a piece