preface
In the Chinese Poetic Rhythm, Mr. Wang Li divides the five-character near-body poems into three categories: simple sentences, complex sentences, and incomplete sentences. The three major categories are subdivided into more than ninety sub-categories, with hundreds of sub-categories.
The example sentences used in so many sentence forms are all confrontational sentences of the five-word verse.
However, in many opposing sentences, we often find that many of the upper and lower sentences are not exactly the same, or the sentence patterns seem to be the same, but the syntax is different.
However, there are many confrontations with these characteristics, but they look very neat.
This article, let's briefly talk about the nuances of the battle sentence.
First, the sentence structure is different
1, the empty valley returns to few people, and the green mountains are cold on the back.
Wang Wei's "Reward Forbid Ministry Yang Yuanwai Twilight Su Qintai Chao Shu Ge Shu Ge Er See Gift":
Old Jane dusted to see, and the piano waited for the moon to play.
Taoyuan is a Han surname, and the pine tree has Qin officials.
Empty valley returns to people - less, green mountains - back to the cold.
Envy the hidden place, looking at the white clouds.
Mr. Wang Li used the neck link of this poem as an example: there are few empty valleys and few people, and the green mountains are cold on their backs.
From the literal understanding: empty valley to green mountains, back to back, people to the sun, less to cold, is still very neat.
But overall, the sentence pattern of the upper link is: empty valley return to people - less, fnvN-F, 4-1 structure, the first four words are noun phrases, and the last 1 word adjective. The subject is: (Empty Valley) Return to Man. Less, is the predicate.
The lower sentence pattern is: Aoyama Back Sun Cold, cN-vn-F, 2-2-1 structure, or: cN-vnF, 2-3 structure. The subject is Aoyama, and the (back sun) cold is the predicate.
The upper link is: few people, and the lower link is: mountain cold. But man is in the upper link 4th word, mountain in the lower link 2 word.
2. This sells the text for work, and the room is upside down
Du Fu (Tang) "The Six Officials of Wen Husi Have Not Returned":
The old man went to Nan County, and went to ask for money for the monument.
This sells the text for a living, and the room is upside down.
Thorns are deep in the vines, and the soil file is cold and smokey.
The old man gave up the scoundrel and returned to the province drunk.
The jaw link of this poem is also very distinctive: this sells the text for a living, and the room is upside down.
This pair of flips, sells on orders, text on the room, for the living pair of upside down, is also considered neat. But combined, that's not the case.
Ben - selling text for living, in fact, is a 1-4 structure, turning order - room - upside down, is a 212 structure.
This kind of phenomenon, although the sentence pattern is different, but the same sound steps when reading, so when chanting, the rhythm is still the same.
The ancients were flexible and flexible in battle. It was a work of ingenuity under strict law.
Second, the sentence pattern is similar, and the part of speech is different
Part of speech, sentence form slightly different. In similar sentence patterns, there are occasionally too many pairs of different parts of speech, such as adverbs versus verbs, adjectives versus verbs, nouns versus verbs, etc.
1. Noun to verb
For example: five lakes - three acres of house, ten thousand miles - one return to people. From Wang Wei (Tang) "Sending Qiu to the Fall of the First Return to Jiangdong":
Pity Jun is not happy, and the situation is back to wicker spring.
For the guest gold exhausted, but also home white hair new.
Five lakes - three acres of house, ten thousand miles - one return to people.
Zhi'er could not recommend, and was ashamed to call him a devotee.
q represents the number, and the two verses of the neck link use 4 number words: five, three, ten thousand, one.
Five Lakes - Three Acre House, qN-qnN, Wanli - One Guiren, qN-qvN. Mu, noun n, to battle return, verb v.
2. Verb-to-adverb
For example, Du Fu's "Shangtu Rate Temple" Jaw Link:
Tushi is a well-known temple, really like the Hall of The Fa.
Jiangshan - there - Bashu, Dongyu - Zi - Qi Liang.
Although Yu Xin mourned for a long time, He Hao did not forget.
The white bullock cart is near and far, and wants to go on Cihang.
The jaws are: Jiangshan - There - Bashu, Dongyu - Zi - Qi Liang. NN-v-BB, NN-d-BB has, verb v, to fight self, adverb d, verb to battle adverb.
3. Adjectives versus verbs
In many sentence forms, the adjective is used as a predicate, as opposed to the verb. For example, Du Fu's "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou":
Qinzhou Shanbei Temple, the temple of Kui Huan.
Moss Mountain Gate Ancient, Danqingye Hall empty.
Moon-ming-weeping dew, cloud-by-one-crossing stream wind
Qingwei is ruthless and extremely ruthless, and when it is sad, it is only to the east.
Neck link: moon-bright-weeping dew, cloud-by-one-crossing stream wind. Ming vs. each other.
These confrontations of different parts of speech are often when one word is active as another, or one word represents an omitted verb.
For example: Ming is an adjective, but has the meaning of illumination. Self, is an adverb, but has a meaning of self.
In addition, the importance of words in the status of modifiers is lower, for example, "the central language of the person is a person, and whether it is a person, a guest, or an idle person, does not affect whether someone is a name word."
Third, the sentence is right, the meaning is not right
There is also a manifestation that the upper and lower sentences are the same, but there are differences in understanding the meaning of the sentence.
1, the clouds are far away, the eternal night and the moon are lonely
For example: the clouds are far away, and the moon is lonely forever. The sentence form of both sentences is: fN-nv-F.
The upper link is upside down, which can be seen as: the sky is cloudy and far away, and the moon is lonely with eternal night. You can think of the day and the moon as the subject. The sky is far away, and the moon is lonely.
It can also be seen as another kind of inversion: sheet clouds - common sky - far away. The lower link is also upside down: eternal night - same month - lonely. You can also regard pieces of clouds and eternal night as the subject, clouds are far away, and the night is lonely.
However, in terms of syntactic meaning, the real subject of the lower link is neither eternal night nor moon, but the omitted character. In the eternal night, man is alone with the moon.
It can be seen that the subject of the upper link is the cloud, the subject of the lower link is the character (omitted), the cloud is far away, and the person is lonely.
However, in the literal sense, these two sentences are very neatly aligned. Clouds - the sky is far apart, eternal night - the moon is lonely.
Du Fu's "Jiang Han":
Jiang Hansi returned to the guests, and Qiankun was a corrupt Confucian. The clouds are far apart, and the moon is lonely forever.
The sunset is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick. Old horses in ancient times do not have to take long distances.
Conclusion
When fighting in the five laws of the ancients, it is often relatively literal.
Literally, the sentence pattern may not be correct, and the meaning of the sentence may not be completely correct. This can all be seen as a workaround in the battle. When everyone learned about the battle, they understood what it was to borrow the right (wine debt is common everywhere, and life is seventy years old. ), it is easier to understand these phenomena mentioned today.
By mastering various sentence patterns, you can flexibly use the skills of fighting. With more skills, it is easier to express poetry through strict rules. Of course, I don't always put the words "harmful intentions because of the law" on my lips.
This is called power.
@Old Street Taste
In the five-word poem, the whole sentence is a sentence pattern of one word, have you used it in your poems?