preface
Wang Li divides the five-word near-body verse style into nine categories in the form of meaning rhythm. Yesterday said the first type of 212 structure, containing 8 classes.
Today we are talking about the 221 structure, which is also divided into 8 categories. Two of these categories are very similar.
1. Simple sentence: the first 2 subjects + the middle 2 directions (or time) + the last 1 word predicate
The first 2 words are nomenclatures, the middle 2 words are azimuth or temporal language, and the last word is a verb or adjective.
Bright Moon - Matsuma - Illumination, Clear Spring - Ishigami - Stream. fN-nt-V。 The first 2 words of the noun are the subject: Bright Moon, the 5th word verb is the predicate: Photo, and the 3rd and 4th words indicate the position: (in) Matsuma.
This means that the bright moon shines in the pine and the clear spring flows on the stone.
From Wang Wei's "Mountain Residence Autumn Breeze":
After the new rain on the empty mountain, the weather came late in autumn.
Bright Moon - Matsuma - Illumination, Clear Spring - Ishigami - Stream.
The bamboo hustle and bustle returned to the raccoon girl, and the lotus moved down the fishing boat.
Feel free to rest in the spring, and Wang Sun can stay for himself.
Another example: nN-fn-V, wild crane - early morning - out, mountain spirit - daytime + hiding. The subject is the first 2 words: wild crane, the predicate is the last word: out, and the middle word is the time language. Wild cranes appear in the early morning, and mountain spirits hide in the daytime.
Similarly, there are nN-nN-V, such as: pear blossom - sunset bird - Tibetan. This sentence pattern is very similar to fN-nt-V (Bright Moon-Matsuma-Photo) and nN-fn-V (Wild Crane - Early Morning - Out).
However, this poem "Pear Blossom - Sunset Bird - Tibetan" is completely different from the other two in terms of content and word order.
The moon shines in Matsuma, the wild cranes emerge in the early morning, and the sunset birds hide in the pear blossoms. It can be seen that the main language of pear blossom - sunset bird - Tibetan, the main language is the middle 2 words: sunset bird, is placed behind, pear blossom has become the direction language, is placed in front. The predicate is hidden.
From this, it can be seen that some verses are literally the same sentence form, but from the content point of view, it may be another sentence form.
Second, simple sentences: the first 2 words are stacked or continuous words, the middle 2 words are the main language, and the last 1 word is predicate
fr-fN-V, Cham Cham - Yangtze River - go, meditate - drizzle - come. This sentence pattern can also be seen as 4-1 sentences, Cham Zhan Yangtze River - go, meditate drizzle - come.
From Du Fu's "Plum Rain":
Nanjing Xipu Road, ripe yellow plum in April.
Cham Cham - Yangtze River - go, meditate - drizzle - come.
The Moutz is easy to get wet, and the clouds are dense and difficult to open.
The day is full of dragon joy, coiled and shore back.
Note: During the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Xuanzong avoided Shu and designated Chengdu as Nanjing, Xipu Province belonged to Chengdu Prefecture, Du Fu's residence, and the seat of government was in present-day Xipu Town, Pi County.
3. Complex sentences: The first 4 words are inverted predicate forms, and the last 1 word predicate
b (or n)N-d (or n)V-F, the first 2 word name words, the middle 2 word verb, the first 4 words form an inversion.
For example: Shu star - yin see - less, river rain - night smell - more. The normal word order is: Yin See - Shu Xing - Less, Night Smell - River Rain - More. Meditation - drizzle - come.
It can be seen that the first 4 words are the predicate form of the verb-object structure. The subject is omitted, Shu Xing, Jiang Yu, is the object of yin and night.
This sentence form, in fact, can also be seen as a 4-1 structure: Shu Xing Yin See - Less, Jiang Yu Night Smell - More, the first 4 words as the subject, "Shu Xing Yin See" This phenomenon is rare (appears), but the phenomenon of "Jiang Yu Night Smell" is very much.
From Du Fu's "Zhu Fang from Hangzhou and His Hometown to Make the Emperor Erect a Monument, Because of Feng Jian, Scatter sorrow two songs":
Long-term guests should be swirling, and the king of Xing has not stopped.
Shu star - yin see - less, river rain - night smell - more.
Millions of transmissions go deeper, and the universal area looks forward to banditing it.
Situ lowered Yan Zhao and collected the old mountains and rivers.
4. Complex sentences: the first 4 words of double predicate form, the last 1 word predicate
VN-VN-F, the first four words are two sets of predicate forms. The last word is also a predicate, so this sentence has 3 predicates, so it is a complex sentence.
For example: with the wind - the mantle - small, with the rain - the forest - micro.
Both verses omit the subject "fireworks". At the same time, these two sentences can also be seen as a 4-1 structure: with the wind between the mantle - small, with rain forest - micro.
Simplified, it means that (fireworks) is small and (fireworks) is small. How small and micro ? Fireworks with the wind to separate the mantle - small, fireworks with rain forest - micro.
From Du Fu's "Fireworks" in the Tang Dynasty:
Fortunately, because of the rotten grass, dare to fly close to the sun.
If you are not in the book, you can order a guest clothes.
With the wind - the mantle - small, with rain - forest - micro.
In October, the frost is heavy, and the drift is zero.
5. Complex sentences: the first 2 words of the main verb + the middle 2 words of the verb + the last 1 word adjective
NV-VN-F, e.g. 鵩集- ZhanShu -久, Luan Hui -Carved Seal -Xin. From Liu Changqing's "Zhu Fang from Hangzhou and His Hometown to Make the Emperor Erect a Monument Back, Because of Fengjian":
After the stone sheep, the desolate riverside.
Good words for eternity, tears for thousands of families.
鵩集 - Zhan Shu - Jiu, Luan Hui - carved seal - new.
Can't bear to hate each other, the words are dusty day by day.
鵩集, subject + predicate; Zhanshu, predicate + object; long, adjective.
To understand this sentence pattern, we must understand the allusions of Jia Yi's "Bird Fu":
The quarry is set to the house. Stop at sitting in a corner, look very leisurely. Foreign objects come to extract, and privately blame them. Sending books to occupy the xi, rumors of its degree,
Jia Yi said that an unlucky owl came to my eyes, so I opened the book for divination, and I didn't know whether it was fierce or auspicious.
The subject of the collection is 鵩, but the subject of "Zhan Shu Jiu" is me, which has been omitted. Because of the "Quill Collection", I "occupy the book for a long time".
Qiu Zhao'ao, in the Detailed Notes on Du Shi, pointed out that du Fu's poems often have a causal relationship in their use:
Du sentence has a method of upper cause and lower cause. Because of Zeng Yun's birth, the upper two words are because of the bottom. See the bird into the place, the next three words because of the top. The upper cause is the lower one, and the inverted sentence is also. The lower cause is up, and the sentence is also. The end is the meaning of climbing Mount Tai and small world.
Stratus clouds are born on the chest, and the birds are returned to the birds. It is a famous sentence in Du Fu's "Wangyue". Because of the birth of Stratus clouds, it "swings the chest", up because of the bottom; because of the decision, it "enters the bird", and the lower cause is up.
It can be seen that because of the "collection of birds", so "occupying the book for a long time" is the lower cause and effect.
These two verses can also be seen as a 2-3 structure: 鵩集 - Zhan Shujiu, Luan Hui - carved seal new.
6. Complex sentences: the first 2-word verb with a purpose, the middle 2-word predicate form verb, and the last 1-word adjective
VN-VN-F, Apes - Tears - Exhaustion, No Dogs - Appendix - Frequency.
From Du Fu's "Rain and Qing":
When it rains, the mountains do not change, and the gorge is as new as new.
Tianlu looks at the special customs, and Qiu Jiang thinks of killing people.
There are apes - tears - exhausted, no dogs - attached books - frequency.
The homeland is frowning, and the long song wants to damage God.
There are apes - tears - exhausted. There was always the sound of apes in my ears, evoking my homesickness, and the tears that should have flowed were all gone.
No dogs - appendix - frequency. I don't have such a clever dog as Yellow Ear, so there are not many letters exchanged.
This sentence form, in fact, is exactly the same as the fourth category, which is also: VN-VN-F, with the wind - the mantle - small, with rain - forest - micro.
7. Complex sentences: The sentence form contains 2 words of adverb predicate form
vN-vn-V, e.g. shepherd boy - lookout village - go, hound dog - follow the person - also.
The first 2 words are nouns as the subject: shepherd boy, hound. Looking at the village and following people is the first predicate form; going, also, is the second predicate form.
Why is Wangcun a lowercase vn? Because the secondary ones are all lowercase. These two verses leave the words represented in capital letters, which can be reduced to: the child goes, the dog returns.
From Wang Wei's "Qi on the Pastoral Matter":
Pingju Ki water, East Wild no mountain.
Outside the Sun Hidden Mulberry Garnet, between the Wells of Heming Lu.
Shepherd boy - lookout village - go, hound dog - follow the person - also.
What is the matter with the quiet, the jingfeng rides on the day.
8. The first 2 words of the noun, the middle 1 word verb, the last 2 words of the main verb
nN-VN-V, stone chamber - no one - to, rope bed - see tiger - sleep.
The first 2 words of the noun, but not the subject. The normal word order is: no one - to the stone room, see tiger - sleep - rope bed.
From Wang Changling's "Encounter with Xue Mingfu Gurudwara Shangren":
Happy to meet Bai Liang's old age, gong Zen gong zen.
Stone chamber - no one - to, rope bed - see tiger - sleep.
The cliffs often hold snow, and the dry streams are springs.
Although the provenance is different, the same joy is in the feast.
Conclusion
The above eight sentence patterns are common sentence patterns in the 212 structure.
The fourth and sixth sentence forms are the same, both VN-VN-F. However, we can find that when it comes to the content of the verse, even if the literal sentence form is the same, because of the difference in content, the subject-object order of these five words may be different.
Therefore, it is not possible to summarize all the changes in a sentence form, and the grammar of the same sentence form may not be the same. For example, "Wild Crane - Early Morning - Out" is the same as "Bright Moon - Matsuma - Illumination", but different from "Pear Blossom - Sunset Bird - Hidden".
On the other hand, even the same sentence form can have different variations. The poet's ability to turn decay into magic lies in his proficiency in the use of these sentence patterns.
@Old Street Taste
Five-word near-body sentence summary Part 1, 212 Structure is divided into 8 categories, 2 types of simple sentences and 6 kinds of complex sentences