preface
The complex sentences we are talking about today are relatively rare 1-4 structures.
The first word of this sentence is the predicate, and the other predicate is either the 3rd word or the 2nd word. In some sentence forms, a third predicate will appear.
First, the first and third words are predicates
1, V + dV-BX, the first word is a verb, the third word is a verb
Reward - should sing the song of Du, return - and recommend cherry. The first word is a verb, the next 4 adverbs and verbs with a purpose, are verb-object structures.
Should, and, an adverb, denoted by d. Song, return, verb, V. Proper nouns: Du du, cherry, BX.
杕 (dì): Du is a poem in the Book of Poetry, Xiao Ya, to the effect that the wife is worried about her husband who is serving:
There is a du, there is a look at the truth. Wang Shi Jing, succeeding me on the day.
The sun and the moon stop, the woman's heart is sad, and the conquest is stopped.
Cherry is recommended and fruit sacrifices are offered to the temple in spring. "Etiquette and The Royal System": "Shuren recommends leeks in spring, wheat in summer, millet in autumn, and rice in winter." ”
These two sentences are from one of Du Fu's "Three Songs of Collecting Beijing":
Khan Ma collected the palace que, and Spring City shoveled the thief trench.
Reward - should sing the song of Du, return - and recommend cherry.
The number of miscellaneous crosses is high, and the meritorious hero is the highest.
All parties frequently send joy, and there is no holy labor.
2, F + dV-nN, the first word is an adjective
The predicates in the poem are mostly verbs, but there are also many adjectives. This sentence pattern is almost exactly the same as the previous one.
Jing + should be connected - tiger's den, noise + has gone - crowd.
nN, which is a noun in a juxtaposition relationship, and BX, is a proper noun, both are nouns.
From Du Fu's "Title Bai Big Brother Mountain House Wall Two Songs":
Wild houses flow cold water, and mountain hedges with thin clouds.
The pen holder is stained with window rain, and the bookmark is reflected in the gap.
Xiao Xiao is full of feet and five flowers.
The second word of the above sentence is an adverb of a modifier verb.
Second, the first and second words are predicates
F(V)+V-cnN。
The first word is an adjective or verb, and the last 4 words are verbs with a purpose, verb-object structure.
For example: bundle + ratio - green blade color, circle + qi - jade head. c, indicates the color, cnN, cyan.
Du Fu's "Autumn Day Ruan's Hermitage to Thirty Bundles":
Inside the hermit chai gate, the vegetables surround the autumn.
Ying Basket promises to reveal xue, not waiting for the letter to ask.
Bundle + Ratio - Green Blade, Round + Qi - Jade Head.
Gé is cold, warm and carefree.
Third, the first, second, and fourth are predicates
1、C+V-NNV
The 1st word adjective, the 2nd word verb, the last 3 word sentence form (subject-verb structure) is the 2nd word of the target language (verb-object structure).
The meaning in parentheses is that the last three words are self-imposed. At the same time, the last 3 words are the object language of the second word, that is, the object clause.
C, an adjective that denotes color.
For example: Green + Xi - Peaks over, Yellow + Zhi - Orange Grapefruit to come. Peak-pass, it becomes its own subject-verb structure, and at the same time it is the object language of "pity", which is the object.
Qing, pity, and passing are the three predicates.
Du Fu's "Release the Ship":
Sending guests to Cangxi County, the cold and rainy mountains do not open.
Straight sad riding slippery, pretending to be a boat ride back.
Green + Pity - Peaks over, Yellow + Zhi Orange Grapefruit come.
The river is free, sitting steadily and leisurely.
2、F+V-NNF
This sentence is similar to the above, except that the ending word uses an adjective.
For example: strong + regret - late name, decline + shame - should be more. Strong, pity, late, three predicates.
One of Du Fu's "Two Songs of General Xiao":
The military officer returned to the official candle, and the boatman sang from Chu.
The cold sand is misty, and the moon is clear.
Strong + pity - late name, decline + shame - should be more.
Return to asahi, how the tendons are determined.
3、F+V-cNF
In the above sentence form, words 3 and 4 are juxtaposed phrases, denoted by NN.
The third and fourth sentences of this sentence are partial positive phrases, fN, cN, nN, etc. The color indicated is c, for example: lazy + from - Hua Fa chaos, idle + Ren - white clouds and more.
Liu Changqing (Tang) "Sending Strict Maintenance to Wine":
The ugly lane is happy and sunny, and the fading face is sung to the wine.
Lazy + from - Hua fa chaos, idle + Ren - baiyun more.
The county is simple to fish, and the family is poor and learns to make shuttles.
In front of the door, Nanase, sooner or later Zi Ling passed.
4、F+V-fNV
Sorrow + voyeurism - high bird over, old + chase - crowd line. Crowd, tall bird, adjective modifier noun: fN. Pass, line, verb V.
Du Fu's "Tragic Autumn":
The cool breeze is moving, and the group of thieves is still running rampant.
Family far away from the book day, autumn for the guest affection.
Sorrow + voyeurism - high bird over, old + chase - crowd line.
Originally wanted to throw three gorges, why see the two capitals.
Formally, the last 3 words are the object clause of the 2nd word.
But from the content point of view, the high bird is the object of voyeurism, and the high bird is the predicate. The multitude walks, but it is not the object of the chase. The multitude is the object of the chase, the line, and the old and the chase, sharing a subject. This subject has been omitted.
Conclusion
The 1-4 complex sentences spoken today, the first word is a predicate, and the next 4 words are slightly changed. There is a predicate + object (verb-object structure), and there is a predicate + object clause (subject-verb structure) structure.
In addition, the 1st and 2nd words can actually be seen as 1 modification 2, such as melancholy, decay, so it is like a 2-3 structure, such as: melancholy - high bird over.
@Old Street Taste
In the five-word poem, the sentence at the beginning of the verb, the last 3 words have these changes