preface
In Mr. Wang Li's "Chinese Poetics", the five-word near-body poem is mainly divided into simple sentences and complex sentences, and there is a sentence form that is not easy to classify called incomplete sentence form.
The previous articles are all simple sentences of five-word near-body poetry, starting today, learn about complex sentences.
In simple terms, five sentences of two or more predicates are complex sentences.
Part I: The first 4 words are in sentence form and the last word is predicate
1. The first word is the subject
1) 1-1-2-1 structure, N-V-nN-F
For example: crane - nest - pine tree - all over, people - visit - Tsuen Mun - thin.
Noun capitalized N: crane; verb capitalized V: nest; lowercase n, pine, uppercase N, tree, pine modifier tree, so is lowercase, tree is central, primary status, so it is uppercase. The adjective capitalized F, over and over again.
Subjects: Crane, Pine, Two Predicates, Nest, All Over. Literal translation: Crane nests in pine trees, and pine trees are everywhere. Paraphrasing: (Many) cranes inhabit pine trees everywhere.
The pine tree is the object of the nest and the subject of the whole. The crane can also be seen as the only subject: the crane nests in the pine tree, and the crane is everywhere. The same principle is the same as the following: people - visiting - The gate, (the people in front of the door) - rare.
The upper link indicates that there are more cranes and more trees, and the lower link means that there are fewer house squatters. Use contrasting rhetoric.
From Wang Wei's "Mountain Residence is a Matter"
Loneliness covers the wood, and the sky is dark against the sunset.
Crane-nest-pine-all over, people-visit-cucumber-thin.
Green bamboo contains new pink, red lotus falls on the old clothes.
The ferry head was on fire, and everywhere it was collected.
2)C-V-nN-F,
Red-in-peach-peach-tender, green-return-willow-new.
The first word is color, the others are exactly the same as the previous sentence. The subjects are red and peach blossom. The predicate is in, tender.
From Du Fu's "Early Spring Works of the Cousin of The Governor of Li Du":
Sit in the morning, and come sadly in early spring.
Turn to the sad companions, and feel more old and follow people.
Looking forward to the countryside should be over, and the four seas are still dusty.
Peach blossom is the object of red entry, and it is also the subject of tenderness. It can also be seen that there is only one subject, such as red (part of the red peach blossom) appearing on the peach, and the red part appears very tender.
In this sentence form, whether the object is the subject of the second predicate seems ambiguous. However, in the sentence form of the following example, there is only one subject.
2. The first 2 words are the main language
1) 2-1-1-1 structure, fN-V-N-F
Cold worm - pro - masonry - urgent, clear blowing - yuan - lamp - frequency. This sentence form is actually the same structure as the above sentence form, except that the subject is two words and the object is one word.
In the upper link, the cold worm is the subject, and the pro and hurried are the two predicates. Masonry is the object of pro. The subject of urgency, or the cold worm.
Qingfu (風) is the subject, Yuan and Frequency are the predicate of Qingfu, and lamp is the object.
From the Tang poet Chang Jian's "Listening to the Qin Autumn Night gift to Kou Zunshi"
When the piano is listened to on autumn nights, it is a cave man.
One finger to the law, one sound refreshing.
Cold worm - pro - masonry - urgent, clear blowing - yuan - lamp - frequency.
Why should the bell be heard, high and self-amiable.
In the same sentence form, the part of speech has been changed, such as:
fN-V-N-V: Loud-blow-ground-turn, the last word is a verb.
nN-V-N-V: Stone horn - hook - coat - broken, the first word is a noun.
nN-V-N-C, Jincheng-Yu-Nichi-Huang. , the last word is color.
2) 2-2-1 structure, NN-FF (VV)-F
This is a special, 2-2-1 structure, the 3rd and 4th words use two adjectives or verbs to form a predicate, and the 5th word is the second predicate.
For example: boats - oblique - disease, ichthyosaurs - lying down - high. Boat 楫欹 oblique, boat 楫病, two sentences and one sentence: boat 楫 -欹斜 -病.
From Du Fu's "Crossing the River":
The Spring River is not crossed, and February has been windy.
Boats - slanted - disease, ichthyosaur - lying down - high.
Nagisa and plain brocade, Tingcao chaotic green robe.
Jokingly ask the weeping guests, and see Ru Cao slowly.
3. The first three words are the main language
1）3-1-1结构，n（fc）nN-V-F
Dinghu Dragon - Go - Far, the subject is one: Dinghu Dragon, nnN, the predicate is two: go, far.
Du Fu (Tang) "Lishan":
Lishan was desperate and lucky, and the calyx came to the table.
There are no candles in the ground, and there are gold in the world.
Dinghu Dragon - Go - Far, Silver Sea Goose - Fly - Deep.
Long live Penglai Day, long hanging old yulin.
The first three words are the subject, the third word is the central language: dragon, goose, the first two words are modifiers: Dinghu, Silver Sea, and the modifiers can be a variety of parts of speech.
For example: South return goose, tvN; lone goose, fvN, etc.
Conclusion
The first 1 word and the first 2 words are complex sentences that are the main language, which can actually be seen as a category, which are all nouns + verbs (or adjectives, etc. as predicates) + nouns + verbs (or adjectives and other predicates)
This category has a characteristic, that is, the second noun, that is, the object of the first predicate, is also like the subject of the second word predicate, whether it is or not, but also depends on the overall context.
The first three words are complex sentences with the subject, which is relatively simple, because only the last two words are left, so it must be two predicates.
Today I have only studied the first category: the first 4 words are in sentence form, and the last word is predicate. Continue tomorrow.
@Old Street Taste
In the five-word poem, the overlapping words only appear in these 3 positions, and the use of overlapping words has a characteristic