Following our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking" course, this lesson talks about the three Chinese characters of the "Revolution" Department: ", , whip". In modern Chinese, the first two are strange characters, and the word "whip" is a common word, which is included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, so the first two words in this lesson can be understood, and the key Chinese character is "whip". The details of the three words are as follows:
1、 。 Read suī. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "緌也. From the leather, the sound of 巂 (guī, bird name, is zigui). "Shape sound word. The original meaning is the tāo of the saddle. Xu Kai's "Biography of the Shuowen Lineage": "According to the "Li" note, the ornament of The Silk Is also." "Guangya Shiki": "The sheath of the so-called." Wang Guowei's "GuanTang Jilin HuFu Kao": "The ancient saddle has a pendant, and the name is known." ”
( Location)
It is also said that it is pulling the belt to get on the car. Zhu Junsheng's "Shuowen TongXun Dingsheng Xiebu": "This should be the revolution of pulling the upper car. ”
It is also extended to vertical appearance. "Guangyun Zhiyun": ", vertical appearance. ”
It can also be directed at the saddle. "Chapters of Sea Categories, Birds and Beasts, Gebu": ", Saddle also. ”
The small seal is written as shown in the figure:
(Small seal notation)
2、 。 There are two pronunciations:
(i) jí. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: ", anxious also." From the leather, the urgent sound. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is to be urgent. Also known as "revolution".
Xu Hao's Commentary on the Interpretation of The Sayings: "Qian Yue: 'Tan Bow': The Master's Illness is Gone. Note: Leather, urgent also, should be the word. 'Hao Press: The ancients said that the revolution was urgent, and then it was a different type of word. The meaning of this sentence in "Sandalwood" is: Your old man's illness is already very dangerous. Because "revolution" has the meaning of removal, this sentence must not be misunderstood as having cured the disease. "Collection Rhymes and Career Rhymes": ", or revolution. ”
(b) qì. This pronunciation is from "Guangyun". The leather is hard. "Guangyun Vocational Rhyme": ", leather whip appearance." "Collection rhymes and professional rhymes": "Wei Jianye. ”
3. Whip. Read biān. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Whip, drive also." From the leather, the sound of the stool. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is to drive horses. Because Xu Shen provided a "whip" of the ancient glyph, the ancient character image of the hand holding the whip shape, which can drive both horses and whip people. So let's also look at its glyphs:
(Glyph evolution of the whip)
In the Qin script, "whip" is a shape-sound character. In paleotypes, the "whip" is a hieroglyph or ideographic character. The ancient glyph is (上亼下攴), 亼 is the meaning of concentration, Wang Yun 's "Reading of Saying Sentences": "From 亼攴者, 亼 (jí, same as "集") person ji ye, ji zhong ge yi 攴 (pū, same as "pounce") also." It's about pooling leather to pounce on people or horses.
(Leather whip)
The Book of Jin, Chronicle of Jian Jian: "With my multitude of brigades, throw a whip at the river, and cut off its flow." With the large number of subordinates I have now, throwing all the horse whips into the river is enough to cut off the river. Later, the idiom "throwing a whip to break the stream" was developed here, which was used to describe the large number of people and horses and the strength of the army.
(Throwing whiplash stream comic strip)
Back to the glyph "whip". The meaning of the word whip refers to both the horse whip and the "driving horse", and these two meanings are the cause of the name and action, and they exist at the same time. "Fifteen Years of Zuo Chuan Xuangong": "Although the whip is long, it is not as long as the horse's belly." "Although the whip is long, it does not reach the horse's belly. The "whip" here is the horse whip. "Zuo Chuan , Twenty-Seven Years of the Duke of Sorrow": "The garment of the son, the scepter, standing on the saka, the horse does not come out, help the whip." Chen Chengzi stood on the hillside in a raincoat, refusing to come out of the horse, pulling it or whipping it with a whip. The "whip" here is to whip the whip, that is, to drive the beating. These basic meanings of whipping are consistent from ancient to modern times.
(Driving horses with whips)
It also refers to whipping. "Zuo Chuan Xiang Gong Fourteen Years": "Gong Fu, Whip Master Cao Three Hundred." Wei Xiangong was angry and whipped Master Cao three hundred times.
In addition to the original meaning of whipping, there are other uses:
(1) One of the ancient official punishments. "Ji Yun Xian Yun": "Whip, flutter also." Shu Shundian (書・舜典): "Whipping is an official punishment." "Chinese Lu On the Sayings": "Thin torture with whips, to intimidate the people also." "The lightest punishment is whipping, which is used to intimidate the people. Shen Jiyi's "Examination of Criminal Law in Past Dynasties: General Examination I": "The nine punishments of speech are ink one, two, three, palace four, da pu five, you liu six, redemption seven, whip eight, and flutter nine, so it is known that the nine punishments are also." In fact, there were early whippings in countries around the world, such as the French painter Jean Baptiste Debrai (1768–1848) who painted flogging in his works:
(Flogging in France)
(2) Bamboo roots. Three Kingdoms Wu Jianning's "Xun Pu Ming": "Bamboo root whip." Su Shi's "Eight Songs and Preface to the Eastern Slope": "Good bamboo is not difficult to plant, but it is afraid of whipping." "Because the bamboo roots spread quickly, it is difficult to grasp the planting area."
(Bamboo root)
(3) A kind of ancient weapon. Such as: bamboo whip; three-edged whip. The fifty-fifth time in the Complete Biography of water margin: "But the whiplash came down and was on the edge of the knife." ”
(Double Whip)
(4) Firecrackers. For example: a whip; a whip.
(Firecrackers)
The small seal of "whip" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Whip's small seal writing)
([Explanation of words] no. 530, some pictures from the Internet)