Text | Zhao Mengde
Yesterday I saw a news, is about the Spring Festival after the wave of divorce hit again grand scene, the scene is very congested, for divorce, modern people are very simple, fast, so how to deal with the breakdown of marriage in ancient times? Is it really a piece of paper to pass away? Let's briefly recap.
In 1975, in the Qin Twilight Bamboo Jane in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, a "Legal Q&A" was unearthed, which for the first time let people know that in the Qin Dynasty, if the relationship between husband and wife broke down, men could choose to repudiate their wives, obviously the woman was on the passive side. However, there are also certain restrictions, "abandoning your wife without writing, and being a second class"
That is, once a man chooses to repudiate his wife, he must report it to the government, otherwise he will be fined two sets of leather armor, although this punishment is not a big deal, but from two thousand years ago, you can see the shadow of "Chinese-style divorce".
Qin dynasty bamboo Jane
During the Eastern Zhou and Zhou Kingdoms, ritual law gradually faded out of the stage of history, and the Warring States countries were involved in marriage in the change of law, and they were engraved in the ding to maintain the seriousness of marriage. There is a record in the "Zuo Chuan" that the woman was suspended by her husband to return home
He rode back to his mother's house on the horse he had when he was married, and the man returned to his wife's horse when he got married, indicating that the husband and wife would never leave each other, and they would grow old together. Therefore, this situation is called "anti-horse". In the Han Dynasty, the comprehensive constraints of ritual religion were further formed, and with the increasingly mature provisions, very strict norms for women were made
For example, the rendering of works such as "The Legend of Lienu" and Ban Zhao's "Female Commandments" have undoubtedly become teaching books for promoting women's three virtues and four virtues.
In fact, in the Confucian golden mean, men do not want to repudiate their wives, they hope to have a happy family, so as to achieve "father and son, brother harmony, husband and wife, and family fat", in modern terms, "home and all things prosper".
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When Qin Shi Huang traveled around the world, he did not forget to leave some teachings to the local people, often carving large characters on the stone when leaving, such as the "Huiji Stone Carving" when he was in Shaoxing, which recorded that "if you have a son, you will not marry, you will die twice as chastity", that is, to warn a woman who has a son and wants to remarry to double the death penalty to punish her infidelity. At the same time, he made demands on men, such as messing with the style problem, "killing is not guilty", so it can be seen that "The Law of Great Qin" is full of Qin Shi Huang's personal color, because he grew up from this unfortunate ethic.
In the Han Dynasty, there were seven most direct and tough reasons for a man to repudiate his wife, the so-called "seven outs". For example, there was a man named Bao Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who was very filial to his stepmother, but because his wife scolded the dog in front of his mother, Bao Yong sent her back to her mother's house and completely rested. In addition, wives who failed to wash their mother's feet in time were also repudiated, so in the Han Dynasty, it seemed that marriage was in the service of filial piety, and in-laws were always the strongest ones.
In addition to the seven outs, there is also a "three do not go", which is counted as protecting women's certain marital rights. At that time, the sister of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty took a fancy to the minister Song Hong, because Song already had a wife at this time, but the princess still hoped that her brother would personally come forward and make the high-ranking official Houlu a condition for his repudiation. Unexpectedly, this Song Hong did not be Chen Shimei of the scumbag
He also uttered an ancient saying: "The poor and the poor must not be forgotten, and the wives of the chaff do not go to court." It has become a good man classic that warms thousands of years.
In the Jin Dynasty, the word "divorce" was gradually formed, and according to the Book of Jin, a man named Wuqiu Jian was to be executed for a crime, and his wife was also beheaded according to the law
Because the woman's maiden family had some background, she asked the emperor to break the marriage contract with him, so that her life could be saved, and finally the emperor approved, which became a recorded divorce event, but it did not have many representatives, and it was a kind of self-protection under special circumstances.
In the Tang Dynasty, the word divorce gradually became a common word, for example, the Book of Tang recorded: "Princess Gu'an, and her mother are not compatible."
Dahir ordered divorce. Since then, some elites have also separated from each other due to emotional discord, so it can be seen that divorce was a matter for the upper class at that time, and few ordinary people could do so. Behind these is due to the face of the royal family, ending the woman's humiliation and grievances by way of divorce.
This form of transformation can be regarded as a counterattack of the aristocratic power class women to the patriarchal society, because since the Zhou Dynasty, women have always been in a passive position, only being "seven out", such as in the "Book of Rites": "Women have seven goes, disobey their parents, go, have no children, go, adultery, go, jealousy, go, have evil diseases, go, talk more, go, steal, go, disobey their parents, and go against virtue..." It can be seen that most of these seven reasons are norms in the emotional sense, and the subjective color is too strong, so these so-called "crimes" It is possible to let the housewife who has paid for the family leave
It's chilling enough.
Fortunately, there is also a corresponding "three nos", that is, a woman who is abandoned by her husband should return to her mother's house according to the etiquette system, but if there is no one in her mother's house, the husband's family cannot abandon his wife. After the death of her in-laws, wives are required to serve them for three years in accordance with the ceremonial system, and cannot be abandoned, and if the husband was originally poor and became rich because of his wife after taking a wife, the wife is kind to her husband and should not be abandoned.
When it came to the Tang Dynasty, there were more specific norms for the divorce of men and women, if the wife did not commit a crime "seven out", the man could not casually repudiate his wife, if he did, the government would intervene and the sentence would be invalid, and the man was required to go to the woman's mother's house to apologize, invite his wife home, and reunite the mirror, but if the woman suffers from a bad disease or has an extramarital affair, even if there is a "three no-go" situation, she will still be suspended according to the man's wishes. In fact, there is another uncomfortable dispersion, that is, the two people have a good relationship, but they are not optimistic about their parents, and even because of the so-called "generational" reasons, they cannot be together. This includes the love between Lu You, the great poet of the Song Dynasty, and Tang Wan, because the separation of the parents eventually caused great regret, so many years later, Lu You wrote a song "Phoenix with a Head" to pay tribute to that sincere love.
In the Qing Dynasty, the general Peng Yulin of the Xiang Army fell in love with a woman who was a generation older, and finally failed to get rid of the worldly vision, which eventually caused regret, and Peng Yulin was not able to marry in his life, and also painted 10,000 plum blossoms for that woman, known as "Xueshuai", so the ancients attached great importance to feelings, they easily did not separate, and some were forced to cause a pain that was difficult to heal for a lifetime, so they preferred to choose to be single than find someone else.