Then our course "Explanation of Characters in Speaking Texts", this lesson talks about a Chinese character "Le" in the "Revolution" Department (modern Chinese mostly classify Le characters into the "Force" department), "Le" is a common Chinese character in modern Chinese, included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, the details of which are as follows:
strangle. There are three pronunciations:
(i) lè. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Bookstore's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "Le, matou luo also." From leather, force sound. "Shape sound word. The leather on the horse's head is tied with a horse's chew. The title refers to the horse chew. Zhu Junsheng's "Speaking of The Voice of The Sayings of the General Training": "Le is the title of the family, so it is known as the title." In the mouth of the horse, the two ends are connected to the head of the cage, and this set of harnesses is called "Le". So, "Le" is actually a horse's head with a chewy mouth.
in Le
In practice, "Le" is connected to "辔", and the other end of the "辔" is held in the hands of the Emperor, who achieves the purpose of driving the horse by pulling the "Dragon" to control the "Le". "Interpretation of the Name and Interpretation of the Car": "Le, the network also, the network of its head and the introduction of it." That's what it means. The Book of Han and the Xiongnu passed down: "An chariot rides, saddles a body." Yan Shigu's note: "Le, Ma Yuanye." "A car, a saddle, a set of horses."
It can also be used as a verb. Point to the horse to put on the leash. "Chu Ci Nine Chapters Si Meiren": "Le Qi Ji and more driving, the father for me to do it." "Then I will put the good horse on the rut and ask the Father to carry the whip for me."
In addition to the original meaning, there are many uses:
(1) Tighten the reins to stop the horse. For example: cliff pulling. The second wedge of Wang Shifu's "Records of the Western Chamber": "I gave up my life to carry the sword and the sword, and I was even more afraid of the horse stopping." ”
(CliffHanger)
(2) Rectification; command, deployment (soldiers and horses). For example: Le Bing. "History of Sun Tzu Wu Qi Lie's Biography": "Lu Lu Yue: 'The thirteen articles of the Son, I have done my best to see it, can I try to fight the soldiers?' "I have read all thirteen of your soldier's books, can I use it to try to command the army on a small scale?" ”
(3) Constraints; Restrictions. "Jade Chapter, Libu": "Le, Or Le ye." The Later Han Dynasty Book of Ma Liao: "Liao is lenient and cannot teach his descendants." "Ma Liao has a gentle personality and cannot teach and restrain his children.
(4) Strong (to be); coerced. For example: extortion; extortion. "Huainan zi feng theory": "The Qi people have gold thieves, and when the city is busy, they will go away." Le asked him, "And if the gold is stolen in the city, why not?" "I see no one, but I see the golden ear." There was a Qi man who stole gold, and when the market was bustling and bustling, he saw the gold and left, and after being caught (forced), he asked him: "How dare you steal gold in the market?" The man replied, "I don't see anyone, only gold." ”
(Qi people win gold)
(5) Engraving; engraving. Such as: Le Shi; Le Bei. "Jade Chapter, Libu": "Le, carved also." "Etiquette And Moon Order": "The name of the worker is to test its sincerity." Zheng Xuan's note: "Le, carved also." "Later Han Shu Dou Rong Biography": "Xian, Bing Sui climbed Yanran Mountain, went to Sai more than 3,000 miles, carved Stone LeGong, Ji Han Weide, and Ling Ban Gu zuo ming." Dou Xian and Geng Bing then ascended Mount Yanran, more than three thousand miles away from Biansai, carved the merits of this time on the stone, recorded the Weide of the Han Chamber, and ordered Ban Gu to make an inscription for this. Later, the idiom "Yanran Legong" was developed, which means to carve the gong character on the stone, that is, to carve the stone to remember the gong, but also refers to the establishment or achievement of merit. The "Le" here is the engraved meaning.
(Yanran Legong schematic)
(6) Codification. Southern Dynasty Song Pei Xiao's "Preface to the Collection of Historical Records": "Although there are sometimes Miao Miao, Shi Le has become a family, and it is always a greater comparison, and the great talent of the world is also believed." Zhang Shoujie justice: "Although there is a small Miao, it is actually compiled into a family book." Liu Zongyuan's "Reply to Yuan Raozhou on spring and autumn": "Le into a volume, in order to hang the future." "It's all in that sense.
(7) Writing. Feng Menglong's "Cautionary Tales of Cui Waiting for the Wrongdoers of Life and Death": "When the real one is here, you will issue a military order." "It's about writing a military order."
(8) Sketching. Su Shi's "Guan Hangzhou Ju Jurisdiction Ou Yu Sword Battle Robe": "Qing Aya's shirt is warmly lined with armor, and the red line is light around the ribs." Qing Dynasty Zhu Yizun "Old Stories Under the Sun", volume XXVIII (supplement): "Xiaojing and plum, chrysanthemum, orchid, pine, ink bamboo, outline is very good." ”
(Gong Pen Outline Narcissus)
(9) The name of the calligraphy horizontal painting in ancient chinese calligraphy. "Shuyuan Jinghua Yongzi Eight Laws": "Horizontal for Le." ”
(Yongzi Eight Laws)
(10) In the Qing Dynasty, the Jiangsu people called the crown of women Le. Xu Ke's "Qing Barnyard Banknotes and Costumes": "Nowadays, the Su people call the crown of women. ”
(11) Bamboo name. Song Luyou's "Notes on the Achievements of the Old Scholar": "The bamboo sticks in the counties of Dan and Ya in Hainan are larger than the astringent bamboo, and the skin has a mango, and can be clawed." Dongpo Yun: 'Tired of looking at the astringent, Le Dark Barbarian Village' is also. "To modern times, there is a bamboo bonsai.
(Lezhu Bonsai)
(12) Pass "ribs". ribs. "Zihui Libu": "Le, common with rib characters." ”
In addition, Le is a surname. "Genealogy of Ten Thousand Surnames and Career Rhymes": "Shule, the name of the country in the Western Regions, thought to be a clan." Moreover, Han has Lezun and Jin has Leman. ”
(ii) lēi. There are two usages:
(1) Tie or tie it with a rope and then tighten it with force; hoops, bundles. For example: tightening. The third time in "Dream of the Red Chamber": "Wearing a purple and gold crown with a bunch of hair on his head, qi eyebrows and two dragon play beads gold smeared on his forehead." "Refers to Baoyu's head with a scruff of his forehead."
(The jade with the forehead smeared)
(2) Knives, ropes, cloth and other strips close to something to rub and cut. As the rope tightened, a deep opening was drawn.
(Strangulation marks of masks)
(iii) lei. Same with "Boo". Mood words. Barkin's "Pigs and Chickens": "(Room money) has now risen to fifty yuan, and I heard that it will be increased." Here Le, in the same tone, is used for the word "boo."
The small seal of "Le" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Le's small seal writing)
([Explanation of words] no. 527, some pictures from the Internet)