This article is the 460th original work of deep diving atom
In 2021, when Wei Xiaoli landed on the US stock market and the market value soared, the wave of "car-making" began to sweep all walks of life again, Baidu car-making, millet-made car-making, apple-made car-making became the "hot search word" throughout the year, and new new forces such as the light orange era, self-traveling home, group car, and Binli also entered the high-profile at the end of the year. However, the car has not yet been mass-produced and listed, and the policy direction of car manufacturing has quietly changed.
According to the "Auto Industry and Economics" report, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology invited some car companies to conduct an internal discussion at the beginning of this year, and one of the important changes is that the OEM policy will change from the single qualification requirement in the past to a double qualification requirement, that is, not only the OEM enterprise needs to have production qualifications, but also the entrusting party. If the policy of network transmission is implemented once it is implemented, it means that the "pocket" of the more relaxed OEM car manufacturing policy implemented since 18 years will be tightened, and the new brand that has not yet "got on the car" will basically have no opportunity to enter the car manufacturing field in the OEM mode. At the same time, it will become a new burden for car companies that still have no production qualifications, and if they want to continue to go on, they must find ways to obtain production qualifications.
For example, the head player Weilai, last year, has achieved the 100,000th off the production line, but it still does not have production qualifications. In addition, the current Gaohe, which is foundry by Dongfeng Yueda Kia, the self-touring home that is founded by Mahayana, and the light orange era, which is founded by BAIC Yinxiang, also do not have production qualifications. Industry analysts predict that when the new regulations are implemented, the above-mentioned car companies that do not have production qualifications will obviously need to reconsider the purchase qualifications, and perhaps this new regulation will become a roadblock in their car-making process.
01
OEM car building was once the kangzhuang avenue of the new forces
Production qualifications from birth to now only twenty-one years, before that, car companies want to withdraw from the new car must first apply to the relevant agencies, approval and approval before allowing production, so at that time private car companies can only be attached to the state-owned enterprises. Until the release of the "Announcement of Vehicle Manufacturers and Products" in 2001, the production qualification made the private car enterprise justified, and Geely Automobile became the first private enterprise in mainland China with car manufacturing qualifications.
Unexpectedly, more than ten years after the birth of production qualifications, with the introduction of the national encouraging policy for new energy vehicles, another wave of car manufacturing climax came, and new car-making forces took the stage. Different from Geely's wave of car companies, in 2018, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Administrative Measures for Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Product Access" on its official website. It clearly encourages R&D and production capacity cooperation between road motor vehicle manufacturers, and allows road motor vehicle manufacturers that meet the specified conditions to entrust processing and production. The promulgation of the "Measures" has officially clarified the legal status of oem production.
As a result, a large number of new forces that have neither a production base nor a production qualification entrust the new car to the traditional car companies with production qualifications for OEM production. Weilai chose Jachuai for OEM, and Xiaopeng Automobile relied on Seahorse to reflect this model.
△ Automotive processing
After two years, in July 2020, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Amendment to Further Relax the Conditions and Restrictions for OEM Work of Automobile Enterprises".
Under the dual promotion of the "Measures" and the "Provisions", OEM car manufacturing is regarded as a "shortcut" for new car manufacturers to quickly clear customs. According to incomplete statistics, among the new brands that have announced car manufacturing since 2021, only Xiaomi has explicitly announced that it has entered the market to build cars through the Self-built Factory in Shunyi, Beijing. Other new brands have almost all chosen to start their own car-making road with "OEM", and there are many star players such as Baidu and Ziyoujia.
For the new forces, the advantage of the FOUNDC model is that it saves investment and is relatively efficient. Taking NIO as an example, the delivery of the first batch of vehicles was completed in June 2018, and between 2018 and 2020, NIO paid a total of 1.234 billion yuan to Jianghuai Automobile, and the number of OEM production vehicles was 75,000.
At the same time, the ideal of starting at the same time is to spend 650 million yuan to acquire 100% of the equity of Lifan Automobile, so as to obtain passenger car production qualifications. The 650 million yuan did not include the subsequent upgrading of plants, equipment and other aspects, as well as the production cost of vehicles. Ideal cars, which were founded eight months later, were delivered by about a year and a half.
Through comparison, it can be found that the ideal investment cost and time cost are higher than those of Weilai and Xiaopeng, which adopted the OEM model in the same period. For the new force car companies, the OEM model can solve the problem of production qualifications; second, it can directly borrow the mature and reliable production system of the FOUNDRY, and even the resources such as the technology platform, saving funds, energy, time, and concentrating on research and development.
For some traditional car companies with spare capacity, OEM is also an option to alleviate their own financial pressure. According to the data of the Federation of Passenger Vehicles, by the end of 2021, the total production capacity of passenger cars in the country will be 40.89 million units, and the capacity utilization rate will only be 52.47%, although it will increase by about 4% compared with 48.45% in 2020, but the national automobile production capacity is still in excess. In this context, as more and more new forces have entered the car-making track, the OEM model may be able to solve the overcapacity.
02
OEM cars cannot be built once and for all
But the fundamental law of materialistic dialectics tells us that everything has a good side, a bad side, and that there is neither perfectly good nor completely bad.
OEM car manufacturing, although it can achieve rapid customs clearance, but the production qualification is not in their own hands, which is equivalent to the lifeblood being pinched in the hands of others. By others to do the work, production costs, supply chain management, quality control, etc. are not their own decision, depending on the situation of the foundry.
On the other hand, in the traditional enterprises, the advantages of the enterprise are not willing to reduce their own price as party B, Hyundai Kia has said that giving Apple a foundry car is not obviously helpful to the corporate brand. Although the national passenger car capacity utilization rate is in a state of overcapacity, it is obviously polarized to car companies, and the capacity utilization rate of car companies including BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Volkswagen, etc. is almost all more than 80%.
Only manufacturers with relatively backward manufacturing processes will have low capacity utilization. This means that if a new power car company cooperates with a weak car company, the quality is difficult to be guaranteed and consumer confidence cannot be obtained. Shen Hui, the founder of WM Motor, once said: "If I choose OEM production, then I will not be able to sleep every day." And bluntly, will the best domestic automakers help you oem?
△ Shen Hui's point of view
In fact, even Weilai, which is currently regarded as the most successful model of OEM car manufacturing, in the eyes of some industry insiders, it is not a foundry car in the true sense, and the factory equipment, supply chain management, and quality control management of the production line are all from Weilai itself. Anecdotal rumors, in order to cope with the owner's "labeling" behavior of JAC, Weilai not only spent 200 million yuan in the early stage to build a trial production line in Nanjing, but also tried to run through all the processes, and the production line built in the Jianghuai factory was also arranged by Weilai employees to check the whole process of its manufacturing process, hoping to dispel some doubts about the quality of Jianghuai.
Xiaopeng, who was originally manufactured by Haima, began to build its own factory in Zhaoqing, Guangzhou in 2017, with an investment of 10 billion yuan in two phases, and in March 2020, Xiaopeng Automobile obtained production qualifications through the acquisition of Fudi Automobile. Today, Xiaopeng has 4 major production bases with a production capacity of more than 100,000 units.
From a practical point of view, the choice of OEM scheme can bypass the problem of "quasi-birth certificate" in a short period of time, and with the help of the manufacturing technology accumulation of traditional car companies, it can also alleviate certain investment pressure. But from a long-term strategic point of view, obtaining qualifications and building your own factory is the real solution.
Cui Dongshu, secretary general of the association, previously said: "Independent qualification to build factories and production, will get fixed assets such as land and factory buildings, after the expansion of the scale of enterprise assets, it is more convenient to use these as collateral loan financing, and the anti-risk ability of enterprises will also be improved." ”
03
Foundry double qualifications worry about who
Whether the new policy of dual-qualification OEM can finally land is still waiting for the official release of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, but the new force car companies need to prepare in advance.
Early into the field of car-making new forces financing quota, market sales have begun to see the scale, Xiaopeng, ideal has a self-built factory, car-making qualifications are also successfully solved, even if it is Weilai, car-making qualifications can be solved by acquisition, naturally sit back and relax.
In 2021, several car companies that have just entered the new forces of car manufacturing, Xiaomi has clearly built its own factory, Baidu and Geely have established a joint venture company, and the person in charge of the project of a car company said in an interview that if through the way of cooperation between enterprises, only the two sides of the enterprise need to reach an agreement, the needs of both sides will be shown through the way of contract, it does not exist in the so-called OEM process.
But for the group car, self-traveler, etc., it is necessary to worry. Judging from the current situation of relevant departments approving production qualifications and issuing licenses, it is obvious that they are becoming more cautious and strict.
In September last year, Xiao Yaqing, minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the number of new energy automobile enterprises was too large and was in a small and scattered situation. According to the data of Tianyancha, the number of new energy automobile enterprises in the mainland has exceeded 200, of which 150 were registered between 2018 and 2020, which is to say that they were registered during the period when the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the OEM of car companies.
But from the perspective of market performance, the existence of most new forces can only be said to be a waste of resources. In 2021, 3.326 million new energy passenger cars will be sold, while the dedicated production capacity of new energy passenger cars has reached 5.695 million units, and the capacity utilization rate is 58.4%. If the previous foundry model was launched to promote the popularity of new energy vehicles and win with "quantity", then the new rules rumored today are to accelerate the development of the domestic new energy automobile industry from the "quality", help consumers eliminate inferior products from the source, and guide the benign development of the automobile market.
Assuming that the new power car companies cannot produce models through OEM, then the acquisition may become the only feasible model that can achieve production landing. But this also means that these new brands need to spend a lot of money and time. In the view of Zhang Junyi, managing partner of Oliver Wilshire Consulting, this is a challenge for new enterprises to enter the threshold is getting higher and higher, and the demand for funds will be relatively large. Cruel financial pressure will be a high threshold before the new forces enter the game, and in the deep dive atom, double qualification may be a kind of goodwill persuasion.
Fang Yunzhou, the founder of Nezha Automobile, once said that the system of car companies has been continuously improved after long-term practice, and many of the pits we have traveled to may need to be repeated. Regardless of whether the dual qualification policy is finally landed or not, China's new energy vehicle industry has gradually entered the stage of refined management, and if you want to build a car, you have to rely on real skills.