As a famous historical and cultural city, Changzhou has been a monument since ancient times, with its Confucian style and humanistic prosperity, and Su Dongpo is one of the monuments. On August 24, 1101 AD, this shining superstar in the cultural history of China and even the world fell peacefully in Changzhou. According to statistics, Mr. Dongpo left 66 poems, 10 words and 103 essays related to Changzhou, which was a precious spiritual wealth he gave to Changzhou, which had a profound impact on the later cultural development of Changzhou and promoted the prosperity of Changzhou's humanities in subsequent generations.
Changzhou Su Dongpo Memorial Hall Dongpo sitting statue
In the spring of the seventh year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1074), Hangzhou Tongju Su Shi went to Runzhou (Zhenjiang) on a business trip, passed through the eastern suburbs of Changzhou, stayed overnight under the Tongji Bridge (later people built a boat pavilion to commemorate him at Su Shi's boat), and wrote his representative "Travel Sorrow Poem" "Except for the Night Wild Night In Changzhou City": "The song and the wild cry are two sad, and the distant fire and low stars are gradually fading." Sick eyes do not sleepless, non-observant, the hometown sound is not accompanied by bitter thoughts. Heavy feet cold know the frost heavy, the new mu head light feeling thin. Thank you for not being a guest, a lonely boat for a night to rely on each other..." What is infiltrated in the poem is his nostalgia for his detention, and it is also a sigh that he issued after experiencing the ups and downs of the eunuch sea and the difficulty of rewarding his ambition.
Su Dongpo was demoted to Huangzhou for five years for the "Wutai Poetry Case". It was not until the seventh year of Yuanfeng that he was pardoned. The political ups and downs made his desire to retire to the countryside and become self-sufficient. Changzhou's beautiful and fertile land, mild and humid climate, and friends made him nostalgic, and he decided to ask the imperial court to let him stay in Changzhou.
Changzhou Su Dongpo Memorial Hall "Re-begging Changzhou Residence Table" brick carving
He twice begged the imperial court to allow him to live in Changzhou. He wrote in the Table of Residence in Changzhou: "... And when the credit is exhausted, there is no way to go out, and Ruzhou has no other land to live in. Dogs and horses are worried, hunger and cold are urgent. ...... The subject has Bo Tian in Yixing County, Changzhou, rough porridge, desire for divine mercy, and is chartered to live in Changzhou. ”
When he learned that the imperial court had granted him permission to live in Changzhou, he wept with joy and sang for the fulfillment of his wishes: "Return to Xi, Qingxi is bottomless, there are thousands of sagae on it; on the east bank of the painting building, there are many sunsets in the sky." ”
On May 22, 1988, Su Dongpo led his family to the Changzhou Drop House. After several twists and turns, Su Dongpo finally returned to this land of twilight. He traveled all over the cityscape of Changzhou. He left his poems at taiping temple and Bao'en temple: "Six flowers and grasses, the Buddha in the forest, the nine-knotted calamus stone immortal; how to look like the iron staff of dongpo, for a moment to scatter the wild fox Zen." "The jasper bowl holds red onyx, and the well water raises stone calamus." Knowing that there is no end to the Dharma offerings, ask the Zen master to be full. ”
A few days later, Su Dongpo and his family settled in a farmstead in Yixing. In the scenery of Jiangnan farmhouses, Su Dongpo sincerely sighed: "Buying Tian Yang envy will be old, and it has never been only for the good of Xishan." Back and forth a virtual boat, chatting from the outside of the thing. There are books that are still lazy, and the songs are gone. Strength does not quit poetry, but when the wind and rain are needed. ”
Looking at Su Dongpo's life, he has formed an indissoluble relationship with Changzhou. When Su Dongpo was a fledgling, Zhongju and the first, they formed friends with a number of Changzhou nationals, and they showed a splendid Jiangnan scenery in front of Su Dongpo's eyes, so that he and his friends made a "chicken covenant". Although there is a vow of settlement, after all, it is not well thought out and it is a mouthful. When he really arrived in the Changzhou area, Su Dongpo experienced the charm of the water town and mountains, and he was deeply attracted. When he left Huangzhou in middle age, Su Dongpo begged twice to live in Changzhou, and finally got his wish, and since then he has formed an indissoluble relationship with Changzhou. Even during the Yuan You period, when he was politically extremely popular, he also made a statement with Hu Zongyu (Guanfu), a minister of Changzhou: "A certain person has lived in Biling and has a covenant with Guanfu. On his way back to the north, there were people who enthusiastically retained him all the way, and some even provided shelters for free, but he always said firmly: "Ran is in the southeast!" He finally returned to Changzhou, where his soul was haunted. Finally, he fulfilled his long-cherished wish in The Lamentations of Qian Gongfu in Changzhou for seven years in Xining: "The south of the great river, the north of the earthquake." I walk in all directions and have no return, and I will stop here. ”
Zhao Shiping, president of the Changzhou SuDongpo Research Association, said in an interview that Mr. Dongpo came to Changzhou many times before his death and formed an indissoluble blood, love and literary relationship with Changzhou, especially "wandering alone and not going to the country, many gentlemen in this country" expressed Mr. Dongpo's deep attachment to Changzhou and his praise for the "gentleman's demeanor" of Changzhou people.
In fact, the best way to commemorate Su Dongpo should be to read his related works, there are many good books about Su Dongpo, and the following five recommended books are a reference map for readers who are eager to understand Su Dongpo through reading:
1. Lin Yutang's "Biography of Su Dongpo"
"The Biography of Su Dongpo" is Lin Yutang's most proud work, and the modern Chinese long biography has set a standard for the standard. It has always been respected by the literary circles as a model work of character biography writing, with surging passion, elegant writing, exquisite portrayal of the master, and strong artistic appeal. The Biography of Su Dongpo has 4 volumes and 28 chapters. Volume 1 deals with Su Dongpo's childhood and youth, Volume 2 deals with his prime years, Volume 3 deals with his maturity stage, and Volume 4 deals with his exile after persecution.
This book vividly describes and evaluates Su Dongpo's superhuman talents, political and literary life, and so on.
2. Kang Zhen's "Kang Zhen Comments on Su Dongpo"
Kang Zhen is an associate professor at the College of Literature at Beijing Normal University, and the book was edited on the basis of "Su Shi" taught by CCTV's Channel 10 "Hundred Family Forums" and edited. The book gives a wonderful account of the legendary life of a generation of poets Su Shi, who has thousands of turns and ups and downs.
3. Yu Qiuyu's "Su Dongpo Breakout"
"Su Dongpo Breakout" is an article in the "Yu Qiuyu Anthology", after Su Dongpo's mountain residence notes were demoted because of the "Wutai Poetry Case", his political enemies, private enemies and even some pranksters rushed up and shamelessly slandered and attacked his personality, and Mr. Dongpo was like a warrior trapped by the enemy in a small space, enduring great mental and physical pain to break through. A failed scholar and poet, like a mirror, suddenly illuminated so many demons and ghosts, and there were so many ugly souls, but it set off the high wind and bright knots of the slandered.
4. Wang Shuizhao's "Biography of Su Shi"
"The Biography of Su Shi" weaves Su Shi's life experience and his brilliant works in life, and the touching poems are followed by little-known stories, and the poems are the traces of the poet's life honor and disgrace. The poems and life experiences are annotated with each other, so that the reader can read the biography in the poem and interpret the Su ci, Su poem, and Su wen in the biography.
5. "Chinese Su Shi Studies" sponsored by the Department of Chinese of Chinese University
"Chinese Su Shi Studies (Volume 4)" includes articles such as "A Brief Introduction to the Interaction between Su Shi and Huang Tingjian", "Su Dongpo's Love Affair in Changzhou", "Some Problems in Su Shi's Collection", etc., to make a comprehensive study of Su Shi. Su Shi's literary views are in line with Ouyang Xiu's, but they emphasize the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thought emphasized "doing what is done", advocating nature, getting rid of shackles, "coming up with new ideas in the law, and sending magic reasons beyond extravagance". Su Shi made great achievements in poetry, literature, words, books, paintings, etc., and in the Song Dynasty, where talents were born. A rare literary and artistic genius in Chinese history. Yangzi Evening News/Purple Cow News reporter Huang Yanwen