How Su Shi crossed the sea

Crossing the Sea Thesis Su Shi/Book

Su Shi's codex is not tired of reading, especially the "Crossing the Sea Post". "Shi will cross the sea" and "Your Excellency the Secret School of Dreams", two lines of heavy words, like two difficult riddles, form two strange mysteries, attracting me and tempting me.

Is "Shi will cross the sea" an exaggerated rhetoric of literature? If not, why did he cross the sea, when did he cross the sea, is it a real crossing, or is it a fake crossing? The sea of a thousand years ago will feel more turbulent than it is today, and it will be more frightening than it is today. Su Shi, are you not afraid?

After repeatedly reading the "Crossing the Sea Thesis", I knew how Su Shi crossed the sea. This codex was written to the Secret School of Mengde on June 13, 1100, when Su Shi was about to leave Hainan. The Mengde Secret School, zhao Mengde, was a friend that Su Shi had made in Chengmai, Hainan in 1097, when Su Shi was 60 years old and had been demoted from Huizhou to Danzhou, Hainan. Su Shi has been degraded many times, but the road of depreciation in the past has soil to rely on, although the road is deep, walking on it, the heart is much more steadfast. To Danzhou, you can only cross the sea, before, Su Shi did not have the experience of crossing the sea, but also crossed the sea for many years, what kind of challenge it is, it is self-evident.

Su Shi, who wrote the "Crossing the Sea Post", will cross the sea for the second time. Interestingly, he landed in Chengmai, Hainan, got acquainted with Zhao Mengde, left Hainan, and left the affectionate "Crossing the Sea Post" in the place where he met Zhao Mengde. I stared at the "Crossing the Sea" countless times, read the text and read the words, and my heart was relaxed, so I imagined how Su Shi crossed the sea. Once was to cross the sea at the age of 60, once to cross the sea at the age of 63, and to cross the sea twice, leaving him with what kind of life feelings.

Su Shi's late life was worrying, and he could be relegated to any place at any time. At the age of 59, he was demoted to Huizhou, just settled, and demoted to Danzhou. As an official of the imperial court, he had no choice but to resign himself to fate. On April 19, 1097, Su Shi left Huizhou, made his first stop in Guangzhou, took a boat from Guangzhou to Wuzhou, and then headed south to the Leizhou Peninsula. In Leizhou, he met Su Ru, who had been demoted to Leizhou. Brothers meet each other, have mixed feelings, and have many worries about the world. Su Rui and his brother Su Shi had a deep affection, and he accompanied his brother to The Corner Field of XuWen in Leizhou to prepare to cross the sea. Now surrounded by seawalls and planted with mangroves, XuwendianJiaochang was a famous transportation fortress during the Northern Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty Zhou Qufei preached in the "Lingwai Dai Da Bian Shuai Men": "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty beheaded Nanyue, sent envoys from Xu Wen to cross the sea and set up zhuya and Dan'er counties. Present-day Leizhou Xuwen County corner field, straight to qiong pipe, a sail to the sea, half a day can arrive, that is, the way it is also. Emperor Yuan closed the sea passage and abandoned it. Liang resets the cliff state. Zhao Rushi, a southern Song Dynasty man, also has the same record in the "Zhufan Zhi": "Xu Wen had a corner field, confronted Qiong, about three hundred and sixty miles away, and the tailwind could be saved in half a day." ”

"A sail to the sea, half a day can arrive", Zhou Wentfei said easily; Zhao Rushi was even more understated, "About three hundred and sixty miles away, the downwind can be helped in half a day." However, how can the sea voyage of more than three hundred and sixty miles be smooth sailing? Faced with the voyage of "half a day", Su Shi was worried. From Huizhou to Guangzhou, he met Wang Minzhong, who had been impeached from shangshu from the Punishment Department and was then the Taishou of Guangzhou, and before leaving Guangzhou, he wrote sadly in the codex with Wang Minzhong: "A certain old man has thrown himself into the wilderness, and there is no hope of resurrection, and yesterday he and his eldest son Mai Ti have dealt with the aftermath." Now in Hainan, the first as a coffin, the second as a tomb, is to leave the hands and the sons, dead will be buried overseas, Shu Ji Ling Ji Zi Win Bo's righteousness, the father can give the son, the son alone can not give the father? Born without a family, dead without supporting a coffin..." This time to Danzhou, Hainan, Su Shi did not plan to come back alive.

Xuwen County, under the jurisdiction of Zhanjiang City in Guangdong Province, is already a small modern city. In the Song Dynasty, Xuwen salt industry developed, economic prosperity, naturally need a convenient corner field, Xuwen corner field has become an important transportation fortress in southern China, a lot of salt products from here to the whole country, to the world. Xuwen and Hainan Island are across the sea, and it is also a must-pass place to Go to Hainan Island. Su Shi arrived at Xuwen, Su Rui as a companion, the brothers will still be Zang against the situation, think of that year, the two brothers in the Kaifeng scientific expedition, outstanding results, Song Renzong saw the policy they wrote, quite proudly said: "For the descendants of the two prime ministers." "Ironically, in the twilight of the brotherhood, one belittled Danzhou and the other derogated Wholeizhou. Su Shi and Su Rui were full of proverbs, and they didn't know who to say to, they could only shed tears and lament on the lonely seashore, waiting for the day of separation to come. On June 11, 1097, Su Shi and Su Rui bid farewell at Xu Wen's corner field, and he boarded a passenger ship with the support of his son Su Guo. In Xu Wen, time is difficult, that complicated emotional experience, Su Shi recorded in his poem "He Tao "Stop Drinking" and Quotes" -

"Ding ugly years, to who Hainan, zi by also degrading Leizhou." On May 11, they met Yu Fuji and traveled to Ray. June 11, parting ways, crossing the sea. Yu Shi was sick and groaning, and Zi Yu did not sleep all night, because he recited Yuanming's poem to persuade Yu to stop drinking. Nai and the original rhyme, because of the gift, Shu Ji Zhen stopped.

Time comes and goes, and the road is not over. Do what you want with your son, and fall into the same hundred barbarians. Xiao Ran drove two differently, each carrying a child. There is Meng Guang in the sub-room, and my room is only Happy. Meet in the valley, and lie down together in January. The vast sea is north and south, thick and physiological. Advise me to be wise, weak and self-sufficient. Sit in a glass and drink, stop the wine. Although the road was not good, it was faintly seen. From the present-day Dongpo Room, Du Kangqi was not established. ”

Reading this poem, it is as if a scene of life from a thousand years ago appeared in front of me, the humid and hot sea breeze blew, the four fields were pitch black, Su Shi and Su Rui could not sleep at night, and at dawn it was the moment of brotherhood, their hearts were like knives, and they tasted the misery of life.

Su Shi's passenger ship sailed away from Xu Wen's corner field and headed for the opposite shore. During this period of life, Su Shi was unforgettable and wrote many poems with deep feelings and righteousness. Read one by one, one by one, imagine Su Shi's voyage at sea, and constantly ask himself what kind of passenger ship he is on, can "sail the sea, half a day can arrive."

It should be said that the maritime traffic of the Song Dynasty had a clear route, trade needs, shipbuilding and navigation industry developed, shipbuilding and navigation technology has also been greatly improved. Since the Song Dynasty, Chinese ships have sprung up, frequently shuttling between China and India. China's sea vessels are wide, stable, well-equipped, and the application of compasses ensures the safety of ships, so it is favored by foreign merchants. More than 20 years after Su Shi's death, Emperor Huizong of Song sent Xu Jing on an envoy to Goryeo, and Emperor Huizong of Song ordered the Zhaobaoshan Shipyard in Mingzhou to build the "Shunliu Comfortable Tongji Shenzhou" and "Dingxinli Wading Huaiyuan Kangji Shenzhou", each cabin was divided into three layers, with 180 sailors. Xu Jing and a group of people arrived in Goryeo by "Shenzhou", which caused shock to the Goryeo government and the public. On the boat, Xu Jing had a personal experience, and he recorded the scenes he saw: "You can't live in the ocean, but you can't watch the stars and move forward." If obscure, use a floating needle to pinch the north and south. That is to say, the crew watched the stars at night, the sun during the day, and the compass on cloudy days to guide the direction of sailing. The shipbuilding industry and navigation technology of the Song Dynasty can be seen from this.

Su Shi was the "Five Pin Qiongzhou Beichai" who was degraded by the imperial court, and he was a virtual position, and naturally he was not qualified to travel by "Shenzhou". However, from the perspective of the shipbuilding technology and craftsmanship level of the Northern Song Dynasty, there are still some famous ships sailing on the sea of the Song Dynasty. That is to say, when Su Shi crosses the sea, there will be navigation equipment and navigation technology support. But after all, it was the first time to cross the sea, and I was definitely anxious in my heart, looking at the sea and sighing. This feeling comes from the unpredictable mystery of nature and more from the obscene wind of politics. The political enemies who were far away in Kaifeng wanted to put Su Shi to death, and they decided to demote Su Shi to the island despite su Shi's old age and physical decline, and Su Shi certainly understood.

We don't know what kind of boat Su Shi crossed the sea, and who else were his relatives and friends besides Su Mai? How was his life on the ship? Reading Su Shi's "Monument to the Temple of General Fubo", I saw a little clue. This inscription was written by him in Danzhou, and one of the passages states what he saw and felt when he crossed the sea: "Since Xu Wen crossed the sea, it was suitable for Zhu Cliff, and the south looked at the mountains. The boat will be in good shape, and the vertigo will be lost. "Su Shi crossed the sea, it is possible that "a sail to the sea, half a day can arrive", but, drifting on the sea, the mast and sail in his eyes must be strange, so there is a sigh of "the boat will be saved, and the vertigo will be lost". Indeed, Su Shi was deeply in a spiritual predicament, and the "Xie Table to the Changhua Army" written to Song Zhezong after he arrived in Danzhou showed it: "... And the ghost gate and the east, the floating miasma sea to the south. There is no life to survive, and there is a residual responsibility for death. Chenshi (中轼), Fu Nianchen (伏念臣) is a fateful meeting, and occasionally steals favors. There was no power, but there was the sin of the hill. It is advisable to depose three people and cross thousands of miles to come alone. Grace is heavy and life is light, and blame is deep and shallow. This Gai Fu met His Majesty the Emperor, Yao Wen Binghuan, Tang Dekuanren. The illumination of the sun and the moon is coming, and the cultivation of the heavens and the earth is nurtured. For example, the squirming, a little mercy, and the poor way, to rest their lives. And the subject is lonely and old, and the miasma is attacked. The children and grandchildren wept by the river, and they had already bid farewell to death; the charm of the people who greeted them overseas would rather survive. When to repay the virtue, mourn the eternal death of this heart. Crouching down and drooling, I don't know what to do. Ministers are not responsible. "Su Shi's path of depreciation can be described as a wave of treachery.

Su Shi and his party arrived in Chengmai County, Hainan Island on the night of June 11, 1097, stayed in Tongchaoyi for one night, then went to Qiongzhou Capital City to report, completed the relevant procedures, and returned to Chengmai to live in Zhao Mengde's residence. Since then, he has formed a deep friendship with Zhao Mengde. During Su Shi's stay in Danzhou, Zhao Mengde went to Kaifeng, Chengdu, Xuzhou and other places to visit Su Shi's family and bring Su Shi's greetings. For Zhao Mengde's true feelings, Su Shi remembered it in his heart. He gave away the book "Zhao" and wrote "Qingsi" for one of the pavilions in the Chengmai Zhao family compound, and the other pavilion was inscribed "Dancing Qin". At the same time, he also sent the calligraphy of his own books and the poems of Tao Yuanming and Du Fu and his own poetry manuscripts. Su Shi's life in Danzhou became more and more stable, and his mood became cheerful, and he and Zhao Mengde codex invited him to drink tea together: "The old Tibetan dragon roast, please come and taste it together, cover and drink non-other people's tea, and sip it behind closed doors." The weight of Zhao Mengde in Su Shi's heart could be weighed here.

As Su Shi himself said, "It is advisable to be deposed and not yet, across thousands of miles to come alone", he has experienced countless winds and rains, he has overcome his inner anxiety on the desolate island, fought against the tragic fate, and worked hard to open his heart and let the light shine in, and he still has a vision for the future. At the end of April of the third year of Yuan Fu (1100), Emperor Huizong of Song issued an edict that Su Shi was relocated to Lianzhou with the official position of Qiongzhou Beichai, and he took a long breath. In this year, Emperor Zhezong of Song died, and Zhao Tuo succeeded to the throne as Emperor Huizong. The prime minister, that is, Su Shi's political enemy Zhang Wei, fell by the wayside. After receiving the edict, Su Shi packed his bags and left Danzhou on June 10 to settle down in Chengmai. When he came to Chengmai, when he went to Chengmai, Su Shi was injured, and when he saw a scene and a thing in Chengmai, especially the Tongchaoyi that he had just lived in Hainan, he gave him endless imagination, so he chanted "Chengmai Yitongchao Pavilion Second Song", one of which was: "The weary guests are worried about the road, and the eyes are clear that the Feige Pavilion overlooks the long bridge." Greedy egrets across the autumn pool, do not feel that the green forest has no late tide. Second: "For the rest of my life, I want to old Hainan Village, and the emperor sent Wuyang to summon my soul." There is no place for the low cranes in the sky, and the green mountains are in the Central Plains. ”

I am about to leave Hainan Island and say goodbye to my friends one by one. Of course, he wanted to meet with his old friend Zhao Mengde and agree on the next meeting time, but unfortunately, Zhao Mengde was not in Chengmai, and he wrote him a codex with a pen: "Shi will cross the sea, Su Chengmai, undertake the visit of the lingzi, and the one who knows the follower has not returned." Again, I am afraid that I have arrived at Gui Province. If Gol, Shu Ji met with Hikvision; no, then the period of the unknown meeting was also unknown. There is no other prayer, but the evening scene should be doubly self-loving. Hurriedly leave this paper order, let alone reseal, not guilty. Shi Dunshou, Your Excellency, Dream Secret School. June 13. ”

"Shi will cross the sea", this zha is called "Crossing the Sea", the language is simple and melancholy, and the handwriting "encompasses ten thousand specialities and cuts into one phase", which is a dazzling light in the history of Chinese calligraphy. On the seventh day after writing this codex, Su Shi crossed the sea again, he boarded the ship from Chengmai, landed at Xuwen Corner Field, and ended the last depreciation of his life. Xu Wen handed the corner field, which is also the place where Su Shi is unforgettable, just got off the ship, he came to poetry, so we read his seven laws "Crossing the Sea on the Night of June 20th": "The samsmen fight and turn to three changes, and the bitter rain and the final wind are also clear." Who embellishes the clouds and moons? Tianrong Sea Color Ben clarified. The empty Lu Shuo took advantage of the meaning, and roughly understood the regulus to play the music. Nine dead Nan Huangwu does not hate, Zi you qi is the best in life. ”

Crossing the sea twice adds a new life experience. For the literati, this is a tribulation and a growth, but more than that, it is a tribulation. Su Shi went to Lianzhou, and according to the custom, wrote the "Xie Shang Table for Moving Lianzhou" to Emperor Huizong of Song, and soon continued to return north, and from May 1101 to Changzhou, he lived here for only 48 days before he died. His spirit in heaven would hear the chirping of seagulls and the roar of the waves.

(Author: Zhang Ruitian)

Source: Guangming Daily