In the last issue, we learned about the chaotic world of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the chaotic era of the late Qin Dynasty, the chaotic era of the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the chaotic world of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Sixteen Kingdoms, and we understood the chaotic wounds of the early stage of Chinese history, moving toward self-healing in the trauma, and then reborn and developing in the self-healing, from the chaotic era to the Spring and Autumn Warring States civilization, from the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty to the rule of the Han Dynasty, from the door valve at the end of the Han Dynasty to the Nine Pins Zhongzheng, from the Wuhu Chaohua to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Although every chaotic world is accompanied by a large proportion of population loss, a large area of land is barren, but there is no dark fear who knows the preciousness of light, we summed up the essence of the ideas that have affected China for thousands of years in the chaotic world of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, the victory of Liu Bang in the chaotic world of Chu and Han showed that the sub-feudal system was destined to be abandoned by the times, the chaotic world of the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty emerged with the bones of Jian'an, and the chaotic world of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties also had a great revival of metaphysics.
Next, we will talk about the last five great chaos in Chinese history from the end of the Sui Dynasty to the Republic of China.
The late Sui Dynasty was chaotic
5. The chaotic era at the end of the Sui Dynasty
In the Sui Dynasty, after experiencing the great rule of the world during the sui wendi period, the Sui Emperor began to express himself madly, first breaking the Turks, then operating the western region, building canals to open the imperial examination, developing Jiangnan, and building the eastern capital. But then, the Sui Emperor began to conquer Goguryeo with poor troops.
After the failure of the conquest of Goguryeo with all his strength, the Sui Emperor ignored the opposition of the world, and then conquered Goguryeo twice, but it caused Yang Xuangan to rebel in Luoyang, which then triggered the rise of the world, especially after the failure of the Sui Emperor's three conquests of Goguryeo, and in an instant, zhai rang, Dou Jiande, Du Fuwei, Fu Gongruo, Lin Shihong, Zhu Xuan and other forces rose one after another. The Sui Emperor felt powerless to return to heaven, so he abandoned the great cause of the Central Plains and went south to Jiangdu.
Flocks of deer
In fact, the chaotic era at the end of the Sui Dynasty was also divided into two stages, before the Sui Emperor was killed, it was mainly based on peasant uprisings, of which the most powerful nature was Wagang Village, especially Wagang under the helm of Li Mi, even breaking Xingluocang, Huiluocang and Liyangcang, with more than 100,000 elite soldiers in the world, and hundreds of thousands of other armies in total. In addition, Dou Jiande in Hebei is also fierce.
And Yu Wenhua and after Jiang Dujun, the main force of the great chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty became the major princes, such as Liu Wuzhou, Wang Shichong, Xue Ju, Li Yuan, Xiao Milling, etc., and finally Li Tang took advantage of the chaos to take Guanzhong, then took advantage of the situation to defeat Xue Ju and Liu Wuzhou, defeated Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande in the Central Plains, and then defeated Liu Heimin, basically laying the foundation for the unification of the world. In the end, Li Jing swept through Jiangnan, unifying the chaotic world at the end of the Sui Dynasty and helping Li Tang unify the world.
Five generations and ten kingdoms
6. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in Turmoil
The five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty, a chaotic world that lasted for nearly half a century, if you talk about the reasons, it is mainly because of the division of the town at the end of the Tang Dynasty, which can be traced back to the operation of a fairy during the Tianbao years of Tang Xuanzong, which caused the three towns in Hebei to get out of control, and then after the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty declined and gradually lost control of the Fanzhen, especially in the late Tang Dynasty, after Tang Xuanzong, the incompetence of the two emperors of the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty completely lost the ability to control the Fanzhen. In the time of Emperor Tang, the Huangchao Rebellion broke out, and finally Li Keyong, Wang Chongrong and other feudal towns were responsible for pacification, and Zhu Wen also became a feudal town after this battle. Since then, the central government of the Tang Dynasty has been reduced to a decoration, and the chaotic era at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the pattern of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms have since taken shape.
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were divided into two parts, one of which was the Five Dynasties regime with the Central Plains as the central axis, and then the more than ten kingdoms that occupied various places, dividing Yang Wu and Southern Tang in Jiangnan, Wu Yue in Zhejiang, Min in Fujian, Lingnan in Lingnan, Nanchu in Hunan, Nanping in Jingzhou, Shu in Sichuan, and Qiuchi in Gannan.
First of all, in the last years of Tang Zhaozong, the situation in Guanzhong was extremely unstable, and he was bullied many times by Li Maozhen, the king of Qi, and later wanted to defect to Li Keyong in Hedong, but he was captured in Huayin, and Zhu Wen took advantage of the situation to blackmail the princes of Tianzi and rise in the Central Plains. Later, Zhu Wen's army was strong and strong, and began to expand on all sides, successively taking Shandong and Hebei, and later controlling Guanzhong, and then destroying the Tang and establishing Houliang.
Li Cunxun went south
After succeeding Li Keyong as the King of Jin, Li Cunxun rose strongly, and with his military talent, he first crushed the siege of Houliang at the Battle of Luzhou, then successively moved south to Chengde and Zhenzhou, and then attacked Youzhou. Subsequently, after nearly ten years, Li Cunxun finally destroyed Hou liang and took Bashu at the same time.
In the last year of the Later Tang Dynasty, Meng Zhixiang divided Shuzhong and established Hou Shu, while Shi Jingyao, in collusion with the Khitans, went south to destroy Later Tang and established Later Jin, while Xu Wen in the south also succeeded in usurping Wu's self-reliance and establishing Southern Tang. Subsequently, the Southern Tang destroyed Ma Chu, but failed to occupy Hunan, and Hunan fell into a struggle between many forces.
Subsequently, the state of Min was also destroyed under the attack of southern Tang and Wu Yue. In the Central Plains, The Later Han Liu Zhiyuan rose to take the Later Jin Dynasty, which was the Side with the Khitans. After Guo Wei rose up, after his whole family was killed, he rebelled, and finally established the last regime of the five dynasties, Hou Zhou, and the remnants of the Later Han established the Northern Han in Jinyang, relying on the Khitan protection, which lasted until the Northern Song Dynasty. After that, Zhao Kuangyin rose up and snatched Jiangshan from Chai Zongxun, and after more than ten years of hard work, first south and then north, finally basically unified Jiangshan, ending the chaotic era of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
The end of the Yuan Dynasty was divided
The Red Turban Army revolted
7. The chaotic era at the end of the Yuan Dynasty
In the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the corruption of the Mongolian nobility and the governments at all levels of the Yuan Dynasty, it led to the political chaos of the country, the people were miserable, coupled with natural disasters, the Yellow River broke its banks, and the plague ran rampant. For a time, the whole world was in deep trouble, and the corruption problem caused by the repair of the Yellow River was infinitely magnified, so the indignant people began to rebel.
First Zhang Shicheng and other salt dealers revolted near Gaoyou, and then hundreds of thousands of troops of the Yuan Dynasty attacked, and as a result, because of the blind operation of the Yuan court and the inefficiency of the Mongol army, hundreds of thousands of troops were defeated by tens of thousands of people. Since then, the Yuan Dynasty has been unable to suppress the peasant uprising in the south, and it was at this time that the peasant uprising in the Jianghuai region became more and more intense, and the Red Turban Uprising swept through the entire Jianghuai region. On the side of the Yuan dynasty, the forces of all sides were divided into one side, and Wang Baobao of Taiyuan, Li Siqi of Shaanxi, and so on each made their own efforts to do their own work and no longer obeyed the central orders. Under the internal and external troubles, the chaotic world at the end of the Yuan Dynasty broke out.
After more than ten years of internal integration at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Red Turban Rebellion gradually formed a three-way force, and Ming Yuzhen declared himself emperor in Chongqing and established the Xia Kingdom. Chen Youyi replaced Xu Shouhui and established the Chen Han regime in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the strength was also the strongest side. Zhu Yuanzhang took advantage of the chaos to take Jinling, taking Ying Tianfu as the foundation and becoming the final victor. In addition, There was Zhang Shicheng, with Pingjiang City as the center, and established a rich Jiangdong power.
The four regimes lined up along the Yangtze River and became the four main forces of the anti-Yuan. Zhu Yuanzhang finally succeeded in defeating Chen Youyu at the Battle of Poyang Lake, then destroyed Zhang Shicheng, and then returned to the division to eliminate Ming Yuzhen. Finally, through the Northern Expedition, Zhu Yuanzhang's generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun crushed Wang Baobao and other Yuan dynasty forces, drove Emperor Yuan Shun back to the grasslands, and ended twenty or thirty years of chaos.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was divided
The Qing army entered the customs
8. The chaotic era at the end of the Ming Dynasty
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, with the end of the Wanli Calendar, the Southwest Tusi Rebellion, coupled with the rise of the Jurchens in the Northeast, caused a huge depletion of national strength. With the defeat of Sal hu, the Ming Dynasty fell into internal and external troubles. During the Chongzhen period, five consecutive years of drought became the last straw that crushed the Ming Dynasty.
Successive droughts caused the people of the Central Plains to have no harvest, and gradually, the problem of displaced people who had plagued the Ming Dynasty for more than a hundred years was further intensified, and with the increasing number of displaced people, plus the inability of the imperial court to provide disaster relief, the final result was naturally to set off a peasant uprising.
Gao Yingxiang and other forces swept throughout Henan and Shaanxi. The imperial court repeatedly sent troops to suppress it, but it did not achieve very good results. In addition, the huge pressure from the northeast overwhelmed the Ming Dynasty. Sun Chuanting, Lu Xiangsheng, Hong Chengyu, Yang Sichang, Zuo Liangyu and other famous generals appeared one after another, but they failed to extinguish the flames of the peasant uprising, but they could not extinguish the peasant uprising, and in turn they would naturally be eaten by the rebel army.
As the peasant rebel army entered the era of Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong, the Chongzhen Emperor was no longer able to return to heaven, and eventually Li Zicheng established the state of Xi'an, capturing Beijing within two months and destroying the Ming Dynasty. And Wu Sangui was furious and led Manqing into the customs. During this period, the southern Ming Dynasty in the south was lingering, There was Zhang Xianzhong in Sichuan, Li Zicheng in the Central Plains, and Zheng Zhilong, the "One Piece King", who occupied Fujian, coupled with the Qing army that entered the customs, the chaotic era at the end of the Ming Dynasty entered the climax.
First, the Manchu Qing quickly crushed Li Zicheng's army by uniting with the Southern Ming. Then attacked Nanming from the south, nanming had hundreds of thousands of troops, but there was no good general, and the final outcome was a defeat and a collapse. The Manchu Qing also took advantage of Zhang Xianzhong's illness and death to attack Sichuan and take it in one fell swoop.
During the Shunzhi period, the Manchu Qing Dynasty successfully swept away the southern forces. During the Kangxi Dynasty, Wu Sangui united with San Francisco to rebel, the Zheng family was greater than Taiwan, and after the Kangxi Emperor put down the San Francisco Rebellion, he reused Shi Lang, and finally destroyed the Zheng family's forces, and the chaotic world at the end of the Ming Dynasty was completely over.
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War
Warlord melee
9. The chaotic era of the Republic of China at the end of the Qing Dynasty
The chaotic era of the Republic of China at the end of the Qing Dynasty was a period of humiliation in the history of our country for a hundred years. During this period, there were many stages, including peasant uprisings, including imperialist invasions, including regime changes, including bourgeois revolutions, including workers' and peasants' revolutions, as well as warlord scuffles, wars of resistance to aggression, and so on.
Since the beginning of the Opium War, our nation has successively experienced the Taiping Rebellion, the Sino-Japanese War, the Boxer Rebellion, the Eight-Power Alliance's invasion of China, the Xinhai Revolution, the Beiyang Warlord Scuffle, the Northern Expedition War, the Central Plains War, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation. During this period, countless national heroes emerged, who carried the weight for us, shed blood for us, and broke through the darkness for us.
Between blood and fire, our great new China was eventually established.