In the Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi had two big celebrities, Huang Zicheng and Yan Song. Yan Song stole power from the state, and there are countless portrayals of Yan Song in today's TV series; but Huang Zicheng is little known, and ordinary people only know that he presided over the cutting of the domain, and Jing was killed. Today we will look at Huang Zicheng's behavior in the Jing Dynasty from the perspective of the losers of the Jing Dynasty and why the imperial court sits in the world but cannot withstand the Yan Domain.
1. Huang Zicheng in the Hongwu period
Huang Zicheng was born in 1359, according to the "Removal of Relics": Huang Zicheng was diligent and studious when he was young, "his mouth was constantly chanting, his hands were constantly draped", especially after learning the "Zuo Zhuan" with famous teachers, he knew the great righteousness of spring and autumn.
In 1385, Huang Zicheng participated in the examination, but had bad luck. According to the "Ming Tong Jian", he originally passed the examination to explore the flowers, ranked in the top three, but before the opening of the list, Zhu Yuanzhang had a dream, the specific dream did not know, only to know that after waking up from the dream, Yi Dingxian, who was outside the third class, mentioned the first to the first, so that the original first became the second, the original second became the third, and Huang Zicheng was kicked out of the third class, sent to the prince's mansion to study with the prince, and since then Huang Zicheng began to be related to Zhu Biao, Zhu Yunjiao's father and son.
Zhu Biao
In 1382, Zhu Biao, the thigh prince to which Huang Zicheng was attached, died of illness. In September, Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Yunjiao his grandson, and the edict at that time contained the phrase "Cang Yan HaoShou", which not only reflected the pain of Zhu Yuanzhang's loss of his son in his later years, but also his concern for the future. Although the grandson was 16 years old, he had not experienced the storms, and once he succeeded to the throne, how to suppress those heroes who were very skilled in political struggles. To this end, Zhu Yuanzhang set off another round of purges, and at the same time deliberately left the old people of the Prince's Mansion to let Zhu Yunjiao cultivate his own forces. Among the many old people in the Prince's Mansion, Huang Zicheng had a high literary attainment with the prince and had a deep affection for the prince, so Huang Zicheng smoothly became the teacher and confidant of the grandson.
Zhu Yunjiao
2. Huang Zicheng of Taisun Province
Zhu Yunjiao, a literati, is even an idealist, with little experience in political struggle. However, Zhu Yunjiao still had a vision, and when he was a grandson, he asked Teacher Huang: "The kings respect their subordinates, they have heavy soldiers, and they are lawless, so why take them?" Huang Zicheng was also a Confucian scholar, and he responded to Zhu Yunjiao with the Rebellion of the Seven Kings of the Western Han Dynasty, and he never expected a word to become a slur!
Huang Zicheng believed that the Seven Kingdoms of the Western Han Dynasty were "not strong", but they could still be pacified, which was the result of the court's popularity; as long as His Highness loved the people and was close to the government, if the clans rebelled and the imperial court sent troops, the world would inevitably fully support it, so "who can support it". Huang Zicheng's words greatly alleviated Zhu Yunxiu's anxiety about the future, but it also gave Zhu Yunxiu excessive self-confidence, making Zhu Yunzhao believe that he was sitting on the BUFF of the Mandate of Heaven and would win against the rebellion. Of course, Huang's words also made Zhu Yunjiao form a basic understanding of the fanzhen, that is, it must be cut.
Zhu Yunjiao
Huang's cutting tactics obviously influenced Zhu Yunjiao, and the well-known story is that after that, Zhu Yuanzhang proudly told Zhu Yunzhang, saying that I divide the kings, the soldiers are strong and strong, and once there is a problem in the imperial court, you will let your uncles send troops to ensure that you will be pacified, and you will be able to become emperor in peace and stability. Zhu Yunjiao asked rhetorically, "If you are not jing, the kings are not jing, the kings are not jing, who is the royal?" This question directly asked Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yuanzhang asked what you want to do, Zhu Yunjiao replied to cut the domain. Zhu Yuanzhang said that this was the only way to do it.
Zhu Yuanzhang
3. Huang Zicheng, a heavy minister of Jianwen
In May of the thirty-first leap year of Hongwu, Zhu Yunjiao took the throne. Like Zhu Yunzhang's era name "Jianwen", as soon as Zhu Yunjiao came to power, he raised the text to suppress martial arts, abandoned Zhu Yuanzhang's policy of governing the country with heavy punishment and severe law, and began to advocate culture and reduce taxes. In view of the situation in which martial arts and nobles have flooded the court since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Emperor Jianwen wantonly promoted Keju Wenchen, the former prince's official Qi Tai promoted the army to Shangshu, and the teacher Huang Zicheng "participated in the state politics together", and these two people became the pillars of the Jianwen regime. Although Emperor Jianwen ruled the people with leniency, he was not lenient at all to the magnates.
Huang Zicheng and Qi Tai
The Jianwen Dynasty began, and the King of Yan first led his troops to the funeral and was stopped. Subsequently, the descendants of the Princes of Qi, Zhou, Xiang, and Min successively instigated the King of Yan, saying: The new emperor is young, and the fourth brother has made outstanding contributions to defending Northern Sai, and should be admitted to the imperial government. These words eventually "smelled in the DYNASTY." Emperor Jianwen was very nervous and could only consult with the teachers.
Huang Zicheng also wanted to share the emperor's worries, so he and Qi Tai began to study the specific means of cutting the domain. Qi Tai advocated taking the most difficult Yan King to open the knife first; Huang Zicheng believed that the Yan King was too difficult to move, and the slightest carelessness would cause the King of the Group to counterattack, so the Yan King's wings should be cut off first. In the end, Huang Qi and the two issued the February Edict of jianwen to restrain the kings and horses and reaffirm that the army should absolutely obey the central government.
Subsequently, due to the bad deeds of the king of the clan, under the leadership of Huang Zicheng, the five kings of Qi, Zhou, Xiang, Min, and Dai, who had a narrow territory among the kings of the inland clan and who were the most vicious and harmful to the people, were abolished. In fact, it means that Jianwen has adopted Huang Zicheng's proposition of cutting the domain first and then making it difficult.
Catch the King of Zhou
Fourth, Huang Zicheng in the Jing Dynasty
Seeing that the five kings were deposed, in order to prevent himself from becoming the next target, Zhu Di asked the emperor for forgiveness on the one hand, and the book was full of family affection, in fact, he wanted to use Jianwen's kindness to delay the cutting of the domain; at the same time, Zhu Di sent his three sons to Nanjing to hang filial piety. In this regard, Qi Tai advocated taking people hostage, and Huang Zicheng resolutely opposed it, saying that he could not give Yan Fan an excuse to raise troops; on the other hand, Zhu Di pretended to be crazy and stupid, used a stove in the summer, slept on the soil, and ran in the city well, snatching people's food, successfully confusing the officials in charge of surveillance, and secretly training military horses and horses to win over the generals.
King Yan pretended to be crazy
In July of the first year of Jianwen, Zhu Di, who was ready for everything, killed the bureaucrats appointed by the imperial court and raised a banner to announce the Jing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. At that time, only Yan Fan raised troops, and Emperor Jianwen did not take it seriously, but only recruited the defenders around Yan Fan and surrounded them on all sides, while he and Fang Xiaoru immersed themselves in discussing the "Zhou Guan" law and preparing for retro. When the military department selected the generals for the expedition, Jianwen found that the basics that could fight in the central government had been killed by Zhu Yuanzhang, and the veteran generals were left with Geng Bingwen and Guo Ying, and the unprepared imperial court could only let Geng Bingwen lead the army to rebel.
Before the expedition, Jianwen also repeatedly told Geng Bingwen that in battle, his subordinates should be merciful, and they must not kill the King of Yan, "do not make Shuo have the name of killing his uncle", which gives people the feeling that Wang Shi is consulting and the battle will be won. As a result, Geng Bingwen was tied up in his conquests, and Wang Shi failed in the early stages of the most promising counterinsurgency.
The imperial court sent troops to conquest the Yan domain
After Geng Bingwen's defeat, Huang Zicheng recommended Li Jinglong to replace him, but he did not expect that Li Jinglong was even more of a second and fifth boy, and he was defeated again and again on the battlefield, which destroyed the last strength of the imperial court, and it was even more the Nanjing city gate that he opened to lure the Yan army into the city.
When Jianwen was three years old, the Yan army had already swept through Jiangbei, and the helpless Jianwen had to depose Huang Zicheng and others, hoping to boycott the troops, and Ming wei would be deposed, but in fact, they were allowed to go to the local area to recruit troops. At that time, Huang Zicheng went to Suzhou, but the prefect of Suzhou actually praised Huang Zicheng's talent to the imperial court for being enough to resist the enemy and could not delegate him. As a result, Huang Zicheng was recalled to the Beijing Division, which gave Zhu Di an excuse to continue attacking.
When Huang Zicheng was ready to reflexively, Nanjing fell. Zhu Di entered Nanjing, investigated the traitors, and Huang Zicheng was naturally the first in the list. Huang Zicheng was immediately arrested and returned to Nanjing. Zhu Di then personally unlocked it for him and advised him to learn from Wei Zheng and not to learn from Fang Xiaoru; Zhu Di brought the Huang family with a hundred people and threatened them with death, but Huang was not moved. When Zhu Di asked him, do you know what crimes you have, Huang wrote down: "For the former emperor Wen Chen's office, it is not early to cut the power of the domain, in order to achieve this cruelty, the heirs are not enough to be law-abiding." Zhu Di was enraged and ordered his hands to be cut off, and then his feet were cut off, so that Huang was killed.
It's hard
Wen Shijun said
In fact, Huang Zicheng and Chao's experiences are strikingly similar. Huang Zicheng made a mistake in cutting the domain, first of all, as the teacher of Emperor Jianwen, his view of the town of Fan profoundly affected the cognition of Jianwen, especially when the worldview of Jianwen was not yet formed, he said that as long as the people's hearts and minds were won, the town could be easily pacified, it is obvious that this is Confucianism, but the history of the Warring States tells us that Confucianism is not necessarily easy to use. In practice, Jianwen's ascension to the throne was indeed lightly meagre and lenient to the people, so at first he did not attach much importance to the rebellion of the King of Yan, until the disaster of the Yan Domain became more and more intense and unstoppable, and Jianwen did not pay attention to it, but it was too late. At the time of Han Jing, there were still generals who could resist the enemy, but at the time of Jianwen, the central general was slaughtered, but the border town retained a number of battlefield generals, and Huang Zicheng made a mistake in selecting people, and Li Jinglong's failure to resist the enemy directly led to the collapse of the Jianwen regime.
Of course, we can't blame Huang Qiuquan, Huang is just a student, has no practical experience, where does he understand how vicious the Yan King who licks the blood with the knife head is. As early as the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu, the Korean tribute envoy Hading to Nanjing to pay tribute, and the King of Yan received him, and when the emissary returned, he said, "The king has great ambitions." Even a foreigner can see the heart of Sima Zhao of the Yan King, which shows that the jianwen dynasty is actually a dead move at the beginning, whether it is cut or not, the yan king will definitely oppose, and there is a high probability that it will succeed.
bibliography
Gong Xinggen, "Huang Zicheng, the First Victim of the Change of Jing Difficulties", Journal of Yibin Teachers College, December 1996
Yang Yongkang, "Zhu Di 'Removed' Jianwen Nian No.: Evidenced by Kong Shangren's Collection of Yan Wang Jing NanZhafu", Wenshi Zhe, No. 05, 2018.
Liang Manrong, "Hardship and Liberation: Exploring the Spirit of the Ming Dynasty King after the Jing Dynasty", Forbidden City Discipline, No. 01, 2018.
(Author: Haoran Wenshi Purple Orange)
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