In May 1398, after the emperor's grandson Zhu Yunjiao ascended the throne, zhu Yuanzhang left him with the will of "the civil and military officials in the kingdom, listen to the court's moderation", in just one year, he successively abolished the five feudal kings of Zhou, Min, Xiang, Qi, and Dai, and Emperor Jianwen's radical behavior caused panic and dissatisfaction among Zhu Di, the king of Yan.
On the one hand, Zhu Di was worried that Zhu Yunjiao would attack him, and he did not hesitate to pretend to be crazy and stupid, on the other hand, he resented Zhu Yuanzhang for not passing the throne to his son, but to his grandsons of the next generation, especially Zhu Yuanzhang also reminded him before he died:
"The sons of The Fallen Are Alone Ru's Wisdom, Qin and Jin have been xue, the Ru is the longest, the outer and inner, not the Ru Qi... Erqi commanded the kings, measured the situation, and guarded against the border people, in order to answer the heavenly heart, to subjugate the will. ”
"Outside and inside"? For Zhu Di, isn't this just a fear that he will raise an army and use it to contain the words of warning him? For a long time, the backlog of dissatisfaction in Zhu Di's heart, coupled with Emperor Jianwen's radical policy of cutting the domain, all of this laid the groundwork for the outbreak of the Battle of Jingnan.
Looking back at the history of China's feudal dynasties for more than a thousand years, the problem of rebellion by the kings of the clan has always existed. More famous are the Rebellion of the Seven Kings during the Han Dynasty, which was quelled by the famous Han Dynasty general Zhou Yafu; the Rebellion of the Eight Kings in the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty also ended in failure.
It seems that the success rate of the rebellion of the king of the clan is very small, but the Battle of Jingnan during the Jianwen period is indeed one of the few cases in Chinese history in which the rebellion of the king of the clan won more with less.
Zhu Di thus sat on the throne of the Divine Emperor and created the Yongle Prosperous Era. So how did Zhu Di win the Battle of Jing?
Before the Battle of Jingnan, Zhu Yunjiao had already sent people to monitor Zhu Di's personal freedom, so that when Zhu Di raised his army, he only mobilized eight hundred warriors to deal with the immediate crisis, and Zhu Yunjiao sat on the Ming Army of a million, and the difference in strength between the two was like the difference between ants and elephants.
Zhu Di feng tianjing difficult map
Before answering these questions, let's introduce the two protagonists of the Battle of Jingnan: Zhu Di and Zhu Yunjiao.
Zhu Di was the fourth son of The Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and the uncle of Emperor Jianwen Zhu Yunjiao, who was made the King of Yan by Zhu Yuanzhang at the age of ten and sent to the fiefdom of Beijing at the age of twenty.
After the Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunjiao succeeded to the throne, he slashed the domain in a big way. In order to save himself, zhu Di certainly had the great ambition to become an emperor, and raised an army to attack Zhu Yunjiao in the name of Fengtian Jingnan. It took four years to attack Nanjing, ascended the throne as emperor, and was named Yongle.
During his reign, severe punishment, five conquests of Mongolia, Zheng He's six voyages to the West, xiu yongle canon, and the relocation of the capital to Beijing, etc., created the prosperity of Yongle.
Zhu Yunjiao was the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor, the son of Zhu Biao, the prince of Yiwen, and the nephew of Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Chengzu. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, he succeeded him as Emperor Jianwen.
During his reign, he followed the advice of his ministers Qi Tai and Huang Zi Orange to slash the domain, and within a few years cut off a large number of uncles' domain thrones. The act of cutting the domain was too hasty, causing his uncle Zhu Di to rebel, and after the defeat of the soldiers in the Battle of Jingnan, he disappeared.
Folklore is very widespread, some people say that they died of self-immolation, some people say that they became monks, some people say that they drifted overseas, and the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen are still a mystery.
Portrait of Emperor Jianwen Zhu Yunjiao
In fact, before the war, no one believed that Zhu Di could rebel successfully, and even if he could, he did not believe that he could win so quickly, it only took four years. The reason why Zhu Di was able to win the Battle of Jingnan with fewer victories and more was inseparable from these reasons:
First, Zhu Di has experienced hundreds of battles and knows people well; Zhu Yunjiao talks about soldiers on paper and employs people improperly.
Zhu Di, as the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, has been fighting Chen Youyu since birth.
Since he was a child, he received a lot of combat knowledge, and when he grew up, he followed the founding generals Xu Da and Fu Youde to conquer Mongolia, and he also heard about the art of war and strategy. In the Battle of Jingnan, Zhu Di knew that people were good at his duties, and his generals Qiu Fu, Zhu Neng, and Zhang Yu all made great achievements in the Battle of Jingnan.
On the other hand, Zhu Yunjiao, who was born in the era of peace since childhood, only existed in books and did not understand the real battlefield situation.
In terms of employment, he sent Zhu Yuanzhang to attack Geng Bingwen, the only founding hero who was good at defending, and Geng Bingwen adopted his own defensive posture after losing to Zhu Di.
If Geng Bingwen was allowed to continue to defend, when Zhu Di ran out of grain and grass, the battle situation would really be difficult to say. However, Zhu Yunxiu felt that Geng Bingwen was incompetent in losing to Zhu Di and let Li Jinglong, the son of Li Wenzhong, take the place of commander-in-chief.
As the saying goes, "The father of the tiger has no dog", but this Li Jinglong is really a dog. After hearing that Zhu Di heard that Zhu Yunjiao replaced Geng Bingwen with Li Jinglong, he almost died without laughing. Sure enough, after Li Jinglong took office, he frequently lost to Zhu Di, and finally Zhu Di did Zhu Di's internal response when he attacked Nanjing, opening the door of Nanjing City for Zhu Di.
Zhu Di stills
Second, Zhu Di's strategists frequently plotted, and Zhu Yunjiao's advisers conspired to fight.
Speaking of the chief strategist under Zhu Di, it must be Yao Guangxiao, who is known as the black-robed prime minister. The role played by this person in the Battle of Zhu Dijing cannot be ignored.
It was he who strengthened Zhu Di's conviction of rebellion; it was he who assisted Zhu Di's son Zhu Gaozi in holding on to Beijing and delaying Li Jinglong's army of 500,000; it was he who re-encouraged Zhu Di to reinvigorate after the fiasco in Dongchang; it was he who persuaded Zhu Di to abandon the cities along the way and lead his troops directly to Nanjing.
He made an indelible contribution to Zhu Di's seizure of the throne, and it can be said that without him, Zhu Di's journey of rebellion could have been difficult.
The strategists on Zhu Yunjiao's side were none other than Fang Xiaoru, Qi Tai, and Huang Zicheng. First of all, Fang Xiaoru was a scholar, and he also studied knowledge in peacetime, had little understanding of fighting, and had no loyalty to Emperor Jianwen.
Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng did have some ability, but the two great enemies were still fighting with each other at present, and finally buried the excellent situation in the early stage of the Jing Dynasty, and they also fell under the butcher's knife of Zhu Di, leaving a reputation of loyalty and unswerving.
Stills of Zhu Yunjiao
Third, Zhu Di's heart is fierce, and Zhu Yunjiao is generous and benevolent.
Zhu Di is fierce and fierce, and never lets go of any factor that can help him succeed. During Zhu Di's rebellion, he specially went to Datong to visit his younger brother Zhu Quan, the Prince of Ning.
On the one hand, he rode into the city alone to tell his brother to invite his brother to join the rebellion, on the other hand, he privately bought the generals under Zhu Quan, the king of Ning. These two moves forced Zhu Quan, the king of Ning, to rebel against Zhu Di.
After King Ning joined, Zhu Di's strength increased greatly, especially the Mongol mercenary Duoyan Sanwei under King Ning, who played a crucial role in the charge behind.
Zhu Yunjiao has a generous and benevolent personality, and is not suitable for being an emperor. In fact, Zhu Yunjiao had several opportunities to put Zhu Di to death, but they were missed by his kindness.
One was at the ten-month memorial service of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor, when Zhu Di sent his three sons Zhu Gaoxu, Zhu Gaoxu, and Zhu Gaoxuan to attend, and some people suggested that Emperor Jianwen use his seizure as a bargaining chip, but Emperor Jianwen did not accept it.
In addition, in the course of the battle with Zhu Di, Zhu Yunjiao gave the order not to hurt my uncle to his soldiers, which was indeed a bit difficult to understand, and both sides met with each other and had this kind of order.
This not only caused his soldiers to miss several opportunities to get rid of Zhu Di, but also made Zhu Di dare not harm himself on the other side, and often led a small number of people to spy on the enemy, providing a basis for future platoon deployment.
Zhu Di, the King of Yan, attacked Nanjing
Fourth, Zhu Di's intelligence work was done in place, and Zhu Yunjiao's intelligence work was too unreliable.
At any given time, intelligence work is often an important factor in determining the course of a war. During the Battle of Jingnan, Zhu Di was stuck in Hebei, Shandong Province, by Emperor Jianwen's army for three years, and just when Zhu Di was confused, a eunuch who was degraded in Nanjing secretly told Zhu Di about the emptiness of the defense of Nanjing, the capital of Emperor Jianwen.
Coupled with Yao Guangxiao's suggestion, Zhu Di then led his troops around Shandong Hebei and drove straight into Nanjing. When attacking Nanjing, coupled with Li Jinglong's defection and opening of the city gates, it accelerated the fall of Emperor Jianwen and the success of Zhu Di.
Before Zhu Dijing rebelled, Zhu Yunjiao sent his soldiers to secretly arrest Zhu Di, who was still pretending to be crazy and stupid in Beijing at the time.
However, one of the people sent, Zhang Xin, was once a subordinate of Zhu Di, the King of Yan, and he decisively reported the matter to Zhu Di, which made Emperor Jianwen miss the opportunity to arrest Zhu Di, the King of Yan, and let Zhu Di, the King of Yan, speed up the process of rebellion. It is funny to think that Zhu Yunjiao sent his subordinates to do such a secret thing, but did such an oversight.
Stills of Emperor Jianwen when the city of Nanjing was destroyed
Zhu Dijing rebelled successfully and established a powerful and prosperous Yongle shengshi; after Zhu Yunjiao's army defeated and destroyed the city, he disappeared.
Regarding the success of Zhu Di's rebellion, Zhu Yunjiao's throne was lost, perhaps it was also providential! After all, although Ming Chengzu Zhu Di was too cruel to do things, he was indeed a good hand at governing the country.
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