1. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was the period of great division from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty.
2. The Five Dynasties include the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou.
3. The Ten Kingdoms had more than ten secession regimes in the former Shu, Later Shu, Southern Wu, Southern Tang, Wuyue, Fujian, Southern Chu, Southern Han, Nanping, and Northern Han.
4. The history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms began with the usurpation of the Tang Dynasty by Zhu Wen in 907 AD and ended with the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Northern Han Dynasty in 979 AD.
5. During this period, there were many wars and turmoil between political regimes, and there was political turmoil and social chaos.
6. The rise of the Khitan tribe in the north and the establishment of Liao posed a major threat to the Central Plains.
7. During this period, culture and art flourished, such as poetry, painting, music, etc.
8. Li Cunmiao was the son of Li Keyong, the king of Jin, and built the Later Tang Dynasty after the destruction of Liang.
9. Shi Jingjiao, the son-in-law of Li Siyuan of Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, borrowed the power of the Khitan to destroy the Later Tang Dynasty and build the Later Jin.
10. Liu Zhiyuan was the envoy of the Eastern Jiedu of the Later Jin Dynasty, taking advantage of the Khitan retreat, establishing himself as the emperor and establishing the Later Han Dynasty.
11. Guo Wei stayed behind for the Later Han Dynasty and Chen Capital, rebelled, destroyed the Later Han, and established the Later Zhou.
12. The Southern Tang Dynasty was relatively strong, covering present-day Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Fujian and other regions.
13. Qian Biao, the founder of Wu Yue, implemented the strategy of protecting the territory and securing the people, making Wu Yue a safer region among the five dynasties and ten kingdoms.
14. Ma Yin established the Chu State in Hunan and promoted a series of reforms to promote local economic and cultural development.
15. Although Nanping has a small territory of only three states, it maintains peaceful relations with neighboring countries through marriage.
16. The Northern Han was the only state in the north that competed with the Khitan alliance against the Later Zhou and Northern Song dynasties.
17. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a large number of well-known writers and artists were derived, such as Li Yu, Feng Yansi, Li Houzhu, Ouyang Xun and others.
18. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, due to political turmoil and frequent wars, many people became monks, and Buddhism flourished unprecedentedly.
19. Some regimes began to introduce tea and salt taxes in order to increase revenues.
20. Frequent wars have resulted in many people losing their land and property, becoming displaced or beggars.
21. Some local governments began to attach importance to the imperial examination system and selected talents to lay the foundation for the future Song dynasty.
22. During the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, ethnic minority regimes gradually rose, such as the Khitan and the Dangxiang.
23. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, local governments began to issue their own currencies, such as Guangzheng Tongbao in Later Shu and Tang Tongbao in Southern Tang.
24. Many local governments began to build up their own armies, such as the Forbidden Army of the Later Zhou Dynasty and the Naval Divisions of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
25. Some local governments engaged in foreign trade, such as trade between Wu and Yue and Japan, and between the Southern Tang Dynasty and Southeast Asia.
26. The local governments attach great importance to culture and education, and set up schools and institutes to cultivate talents.
27. Some local governments have implemented land reforms, such as Wu Yue's "Meridian Law".
28. Later Zhou Shizong Chai Rong implemented political, economic, and military reforms, and the national strength grew.
29. Li Yu was the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and his works were influential in the history of Chinese literature.
30. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Liu Yan, the ancestor of the Southern Han Dynasty, implemented reforms that made the Southern Tang Dynasty strong.
31. The Northern Han Dynasty was the only power of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in the north, and it allied with the Khitan to fight against the Later Zhou and Northern Song dynasties.
32. As a far-sighted political leader, King Min implemented reforms and promoted economic and cultural development.