One
Qu Qiubai's mother
Qu Qiubai was born in 1899 in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, a family of eunuchs for generations, his father Qu Shiwei was a Jia Baoyu-style literary and artistic youth, who loved painting, swordsmanship, and also liked the Taoist Huang Laozhi technique, that is, he did not like the economy of Shitu, there was almost no source of income, he lived in the mansion of his uncle Qu Gengfu, and his life depended on his brother Qu Shihu in Zhejiang Zhi County.
Qu Gengfu served as a political envoy in Hubei, which was a fat man and quite assets. When Qu Qiubai was four years old, Qu Gengfu died in Hubei, and his family left Hubei and returned to their hometown to live. The main owner of the house returned, and Yan Shiwei had to move away from his uncle's house with his mother, wife and children, and rent a house to live in. When Qu Qiubai was twelve years old, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and his uncle Qu Shihu was out of date, lost his official position, lived idly in Hangzhou, and his income plummeted, and he could not take care of helping Qu Qiubai's family.
Qu Qiubai's mother, Jin Xuan, was proficient in poetry, good at writing xiaokai, and had eight children after marriage, and had five sons and one daughter when she grew up. There are many children, the husband has no property, and the family's life depends on the support of the uncle, which is very painful and humiliating for a wife and mother. She could only encourage her husband to go out to earn a living, in order to reduce the burden on the family, she sent her mother-in-law to the home of the great uncle in Hangzhou to be raised, and the mother-in-law did not want to leave the homeland, and scolded Jin Xuan for filial piety on the boat. Two years later, her mother-in-law died of illness in Hangzhou, and the Qu family had a lot of opinions about Jin Xuan because of this matter, and no longer funded Qu Qiubai's family.
Qu Qiubai's family was in a difficult situation, and they could not afford to pay the rent, so they had to move to the Qu Family Ancestral Hall to live, relying on pawns and borrowing debts to survive. In the winter of 1915, Qu Qiubai could not afford to pay the tuition fees, so he had to drop out of school.
Qu Qiubai was versatile and intelligent from an early age, and Jin Xuan, who was disappointed in her husband, pinned her hopes on her eldest son Qu Qiubai, and did not expect that her son could not afford to study, let alone a bright future. The family's old debts pressed against the new debts, and they could not be repaid for decades, and Jin Xuan was completely desperate. The accusations of her by the Qu family also made her cold, and she served her mother-in-law for more than ten years, and just because she sent her mother-in-law out in the last two years, she became the target of public criticism.
In 1916, Qu Qiubai's family had a dismal Spring Festival. Jin Xuan secretly made up his mind to use his own death to give the child a way to live. At the end of the year, she found an excuse to take Qu Qiubai away, and at night, under the dim oil lamp, she wrote one letter after another to relatives and friends, entrusting them to take care of her children. She took out only a few copper plates, went and bought two boxes of matches, peeled off the matchheads, and with the wine, swallowed the matchheads, and committed suicide in this tragic way.
When Qu Qiubai returned home, he saw his mother's cold corpse, and his face still had a painful expression when he was poisoned, and he couldn't help but lie down on his mother and cry loudly.
The mother died, the small family disintegrated, the family was torn apart, turned to relatives and friends, and suffered the desolation of the world.
The death of his mother was a lingering nightmare in Qu Qiubai's life, which made him see the cold of the world, intensified his hatred for the old society, the old system, and the old family, and also made his life always haunted with a faint sorrow. Qu Qiubai's personality and hobbies are the combination of his parents, he is as indifferent to fame and fortune as his father, loves art, and is as strong and tenacious as his mother, rich in literary talent. Although he was well known as a revolutionary, he was essentially a man of letters. The hobbies of the literati, the character and temperament of the literati.
Two
Qu Qiubai's two wives
Qu Qiubai has had two marriages in his life, both of which are teacher-student love.
When it comes to teacher-student love, people always think that it is the story of a middle-aged uncle and a girl who is not familiar with the world, in fact, Qu Qiubai is only two years apart from his two wives, which can be said to be the same age.
Qu Qiubai was only seventeen years old when he was teaching, and as mentioned earlier, before his mother committed suicide, she supported him, so he found a job teaching at the National Elementary School, and his mother asked him to see if the school had the conditions for accommodation.
At that national primary school, there were dozens of students, and he was the only teacher. A seventeen teenager, can not bury the youth in this way, the next year, he followed his cousin to Beijing, originally wanted to apply for Peking University, because he could not afford to pay the tuition, had to apply for the Beiyang Ministry of Foreign Affairs office of the Russian language training hall, and later became one of the few talents in China who are proficient in Russian.
Qu Qiubai taught for the second time, after returning from the Soviet Union in 1923, to Shanghai University as provost and head of the sociology department. Qu Qiubai was 24 years old at the time, young and talented, personable, talkative, and a star teacher in the school, and the students flocked in to listen to his lectures, sometimes there were crawling on the windows to listen, and the teachers sometimes went to listen to the lectures.
The two girls listening to the class in the audience showed a look of admiration in their eyes. One was the later female writer Ding Ling, and the other was Ding Ling's friend Wang Jianhong.
Wang Jianhong is a native of Youyang, Sichuan, and his father, Wang Boshan, is an old league member, and he named his daughter "Wang Jianhong" from Gong Zizhen's poem "Beauty is like a jade sword like a rainbow". Influenced by her father, Wang Jianhong was concerned about current politics and keen on revolution, and after the May Fourth Movement, she came to Shanghai and got to know Li Da, Chen Duxiu and others. In the summer of 1923, she and Ding Ling met Qu Qiubai, who had just returned from the Soviet Union, in Nanjing, and they had known each other before they became teachers and students.
In the autumn, Qu Qiubai went to Shanghai University to teach, and Wang Jianhong and Ding Ling went to Shanghai University to study, which became teachers and students.
In January 1924, Qu Qiubai married Wang Jianhong. Life after marriage was sweet, but their marriage lasted only half a year, and Wang Jianhong died of lung disease.
When his newly married wife died six months ago, Qu Qiubai was overwhelmed with grief, but his grief did not last long, and he fell into another hot love.
Qu Qiubai's love object this time is Yang Zhihua.
A native of Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, Yang Zhihua married Shen Jianlong, the son of a gentleman from the same village, at the age of 20 and had a daughter, Shen Xiaoguang. After marriage, Shen Jianlong was immersed in the prosperity of Shanghai's Shili Yangchang, and there were often rumors of picking flowers and weeds, and the studious Yang Zhihua was admitted to Shanghai University and became a student of Qu Qiubai.
Yang Zhihua's marriage with her husband is close to breaking down, but it only maintains the reputation of husband and wife. Qu Qiubai's love for Yang Zhihua made him feel conflicted, he and Yang Zhihua were similar in age and had similar temperaments, but nominally, Yang Zhihua was a married woman, and such love was immoral.
In the end, with the encouragement of his friends, Qu Qiubai finally decided to talk with Yang Zhihua's husband Shen Jianlong, and they talked at Yang Zhihua's house for two days, Shen Jianlong invited Yang Zhihua and Qu Qiubai to his house for two days, and Qu Qiubai invited Yang Zhihua and Shen Jianlong to his home for another two days. They calmly reached an agreement, Shen Jianlong divorced Yang Zhihua, and Qu Qiubai married Yang Zhihua.
On November 7, 1924, the Shanghai Republic of China Daily published three notices:
The first is the marriage notice of Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua.
The second is the divorce notice between Shen Jianlong and Yang Zhihua.
The third is the announcement that Qu Qiubai and Shen Jianlong became friends.
These three unusual announcements were a sensation. At the wedding of Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua, Shen Jianlong presented them with a bouquet of roses to congratulate them.
After marriage, Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua had a strong affection and never had a scandal. Qu Qiubai, who is good at controlling seals, carved three seals with his and Yang Zhihua's names, namely "Autumn White Hua", "Autumn White Hua" and "White Hua Autumn", to show that you have me, I have you, no you and no self, never separated.
This was their last marriage, in 1935, Qu Qiubai died in Changting, Fujian, Yang Zhihua did not remarry, and spent the rest of his life alone. She said, "No one is better for me than Qiu Bai. ”
Three
Qu Qiubai's daughter
Qu Qiubai had no biological children.
His daughter Qu Duyi was the daughter of his wife Yang Zhihua and her ex-husband Shen Jianlong, originally named Shen Xiaoguang, and later renamed Qu Duyi, meaning that they only needed this one daughter.
In Qu Duyi's heart, Qu Qiubai was a loving father, and he gave all his fatherly love to this daughter who was not related to him by blood. In a letter to Yang Zhihua, he wrote:
"Zhihua, Duyi is so intimate with me, I am extremely happy in my heart, I rejoice in her, thinking of her funny and neat smile, this is what you made!" Zhihua, I always dream about you or Duyi every day..."
Qu Duyi said:
"In my vague memory, my father wore glasses and a thin face, he didn't talk much, he was gentle. My mother didn't let me simply call 'Daddy', but let me call 'Good Daddy', which I always called, and he affectionately called me 'Little Duyi'. In my mind, Qu Qiubai is my loving father. ”
In 1928, the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Moscow, and Yang Zhihua was not at ease to leave Qu Duyi in Shanghai, so he took her with him to Moscow.
Due to his early age and vague memories, Qu Duyi's memories of his father were mainly those two years in the Soviet Union.
Qu Duyi recalled that she liked to eat milk residue, and when Qu Qiubai returned from work from the Comintern every other week and passed by the shop, she always bought some milk residue and sent it to the kindergarten for Duyi to eat. In the summer, they went to the woods to collect mushrooms, and Qu Qiubai would draw origami for Qu Duyi to play. In winter, when it snowed thickly, he would let Qu Duyi sit in the snowmobile and pull the car by himself. Qu Qiubai deliberately pulled the car fast and slow, sometimes pretending not to move, sometimes pretending to fall to the ground, covering his face with his hands to "cry", Duyi said to his mother: "Mother... You see that Dad fell and cried! Qu Qiubai let go of his hand and laughed, and Qu Duyi saw that his good father smiled and laughed happily.
In 1930, Qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua returned to China to work, and considering the severe domestic situation, they left Qu Duyi in the Soviet Union and entrusted international friends to take care of them.
In 1935, Qu Duyi and his classmates from the Children's College traveled to Ukraine, and when they saw the news of Qu Qiubai's sacrifice from the "Communist Youth League Pravda", Qu Duyi felt dizzy, lost his voice and cried bitterly, and cried until he fainted to the ground.
Her good dad, she'll never see her again.
Qu Duyi lived in the Soviet Union until she returned to China in 1941, and she worked as a Russian translator like her good father Qu Qiubai. The founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China in 1949 was the news that she broadcast around the world in Russian.
Qu Duyi had never looked for her biological father, and in her heart, Qu Qiubai was her only father. Qu Qiubai was rehabilitated very late, and was not rehabilitated until 1982, and for a long time, the name Qu Qiubai brought suffering to her and her mother. Even in such years, Qu Duyi did not lose faith in his father and did not do anything that damaged his father's reputation.
In 2021, Qu Duyi is 100 years old and the centenary of the founding of the party, as a peer of the party, as the only living witness of the six major congresses of the Communist Party of China, Qu Duyi won the "July 1st Medal".
Qu Duyi was very happy, and this happiness was not only for her, but also for her father.
Qu Duyi caressed the statue of her father, and the father on the statue, wearing glasses and being polite, was still the same as when she was young, and she was old, with white hair like frost.
This made her feel infinitely emotional, and she felt that she was living for her good father. She was there, and people would pass her and think of her good father.