In the early days of liberation, Wuping County left a lot of Chiang Kai-shek's scattered soldiers, who secretly attacked assassinations, stole and set fires, and killed grass-roots cadres, and the masses hated them to the bone.
One night in the early spring of 1950, they colluded with Lin Jixuan, a fake insurgent hidden in the county government organs, to attack the county government. When the bandits climbed over the wall, they were repelled by our guards, and the bandits retreated, and Lin Jixuan also hid in his hometown of Chengguan Qifang Village.
With the development of the work of suppressing bandits and opposing hegemony, the masses secretly reported Lin Jixuan's whereabouts.
The bandit troops surrounded Lin Jixuan's home, and after Lin Jixuan was arrested, the bandit fighters found that he had a delicate fountain pen hidden in him. If you look closely, the pen is engraved with the words "Qu Qiubai"!
The officers and men of the bandits immediately interrogated him.
Lin Jixuan was trembling with fright, and he confessed that in 1935, when he was the quartermaster of the Zhong Shaokui Department of the 14th Provincial Security Regiment (Armed Civilian Regiment), he captured Qu Qiubai and three other people in the water and grass pond by the pit, and searched for the pen on Qu Qiubai's body and used it for a long time.
Qu Qiubai, a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, joined the Party in the spring of 1922. In 1925, Qu Qiubai was elected as a member of the Central Committee, a member of the Central Bureau, and a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee at the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth National Congresses, and became one of the leaders of the Communist Party of China.
After the "August 7" conference, he was appointed as a member of the Provisional Politburo Standing Committee and presided over the work of the Central Committee. In 1934, he was appointed member of the Executive Committee of the Central Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic, a member of the People's Education Committee, and the Minister of Education of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic.
In February 1935, Qu Qiubai was arrested on the way to Changting, Fujian Province, and the enemy learned of his identity and took various means to induce him to surrender. He said to the persuaders, "Man loves his own history more than a bird loves his wings, and please do not tear my history apart." ”
Before his execution on June 18, he sang the Internationale in Russian along the way, chanting slogans such as "Long live the Communist Party of China" and "Long live communism", and calmly fulfilled his righteousness at the age of 36.
During the interrogation, his subordinates also exposed and confirmed the fact that Lin Jixuan arrested and monopolized the relics of the martyrs.
According to Lin Jixuan's confession, Jiang ordered Qu Qiubai to be executed at Changting and he was ordered to execute him. At this point, the murderer of Qu Qiubai was finally found. Lin Jixuan committed a heinous crime and was shot shortly afterwards.
Qu Qiubai's fountain pen was handed over to the Chinese Revolutionary Military Museum and became a precious revolutionary cultural relic. In fact, his deeds, especially the prison masterpiece and the century-old strange text "Superfluous Words", are far more precious than the cultural relics placed in the museum.
At that time, Qu Qiubai was in prison, unyielding, and wrote more than 20,000 words of "Superfluous Words" in 6 days, which became one of the most controversial works in modern and contemporary history.
When you first read "Superfluous Words", you will feel pessimistic, depressed, and obscure, but the early Qu Qiubai style is definitely not like this. In 1925, after the May Thirtieth Massacre, Qu Qiubai proposed to the Central Committee to organize the "Blood Daily".
"Hot Blood Daily" newspaper, as its name suggests, is extremely bloody and warlike, and it can't help but boil with blood when read. On June 10, 1925, "The Crisis of the Five Continents Negotiations: The Foreign Policy of the Doomed Country", on June 11, "What is the Intention of the Government Commissioner?" "Overthrowing the Warlord Bureaucracy" on June 19, "Who is the Enemy and Who is the Friend" on the 22nd? ", and other clapping and praising texts, are all written by Qu Qiubai himself.
The newspaper office room was small, the furnishings were simple, the lights were dim, the environment was harsh, Qu Qiubai dragged his sick body, and sat around a long white table with his comrades, enduring the heat and heat, sweating and moving pens, and staying up all night, but he did not think it was bitter. He told his wife, "This kind of work is much more effective than being on a university podium." ”
"Blood Daily" played a huge role in propaganda, organization, and drumming in the May Thirtieth Movement, like a fiery dagger stabbed into the heart of enemies at home and abroad, so it was regarded as a thorn in the eye by the enemy, and there were many incidents of newspapers being confiscated and newspaper sellers detained. When it reached the 24th issue, it was closed down by the concession patrol house.
A few years later, due to changes in the revolutionary situation, Qu Qiubai left Shanghai to work in the Central Soviet Region, and was arrested on the way to Shanghai after the Long March of the main Red Army.
In prison, Qu Qiubai was awe-struck and fearless, and spent seven days writing more than 20,000 words of "Superfluous Words." Compared with the sharp "Blood Daily" of that year, this work is extremely restrained and even obscure.
"Superfluous Words" was a "letter of concern" written by Qu Qiubai to his comrades under the rule of Wang Ming's left-leaning line, when he lost the central Soviet region, temporarily lost the guerrilla war, and was in the situation that he was in Prison of Chiang Kai-shek and his life could end at any time.
From the Sixth National Congress to the eve of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, Qu Qiubai had been fighting against Wang Ming's erroneous leftist line, but Wang Ming, with the support of Mifu, brutally fought Qu Qiubai, dismissed him from his post as a member of the Politburo, and refused to take him with him on the Long March, leaving him in the Soviet zone.
After Qu Qiubai was hit, he did not give up his thirst for truth and his search for victory. He witnessed the huge losses brought to the revolution by Wang Ming's left-leaning line, especially the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign in the Central Soviet Region, and was worried. Where did the Central Red Army move? How many red army guerrillas are there? How can the revolutionary ranks grow? This made Qu Qiubai, who was deeply trapped in Chiang Kai-shek's prison, worried. But this kind of worry can neither be spoken of nor directly, so at the beginning of "Superfluous Words", he enlightens comrades to pay attention to the place of their "worries".
Qu Qiubai's biggest concern is how long Wang Ming's left-leaning line will be harmed?
What Wang Ming did after he came to power, Qu Qiubai saw it in his eyes, but he couldn't do anything about it. At this time, the Communist International represented by Mif was full of words, and Wang Ming had the blessing of this Emperor Taishang and was omnipotent, and even The old man of Mao Zedong was excluded and suppressed at this time, and exchanged ideas with Qu Qiubai for a long time. Qu Qiubai wanted to argue, but he felt that it was too troublesome to argue. So he wrote in "Superfluous Words": "At that time, I gradually felt that many problems not only could not be thought through, but even could not be moved. "Occasionally, I also have doubts about policy, but I immediately stop doubting, because doubt is also a kind of thinking, and since I don't think about it, naturally I don't doubt it." In fact, this is to enlighten the comrades to ponder and criticize Wang Ming's erroneous line and to advance the Chinese revolution along the correct road.
Qu Qiubai finished writing "Superfluous Words", which was a relief. Many of them read: "Farewell, dear friends! "I'm going to rest, I'm going to rest forever!"
In just a few years, Qu Qiubai went from being sharp in "Blood Daily" to being secretly in "Superfluous Words", why is the contrast so huge? It is not because his revolutionary will has been shaken and the blood of the struggle has changed, but only because of the unity within the Party and the cause of the revolution, that he would rather sacrifice his life, be willing to be aggrieved and endure, and even sacrifice his reputation; this is the greatness of Qu Qiubai, and it is also the place where future generations are worth reading with their hearts and truly learning.
Many years later, in the special era, some people said that "Superfluous Words" was Qu Qiubai's "surrender book", which was completely incomprehensible or did not want to be read. On the one hand, "Superfluous Words" enthusiastically praises the tremendous political, cultural, and economic achievements of the Central Soviet Region, on the other hand, it refutes Chiang Kai-shek's slanderous attacks on the Soviet Region, and at a deeper level, hides its worries about Wang Ming's line endangering the revolutionary cause and its revelations to comrades in thinking about and criticizing Wang Ming's line, which can be said to be a well-deserved political declaration, literary masterpiece, and artistic masterpiece.
"Superfluous Words" came out, and the Shanghai "Social News" magazine, which was first founded by the Central Unification Secret Service in August and September 1935, published three chapters in public. Subsequently, the semi-monthly magazine of The Yijing in Shanghai, published from March 5 to April 5, 1937, published "Superfluous Words" in its entirety.
The matter was already highly controversial. It is reasonable to say that in an era of fierce conflict between the two parties, the propaganda front of public opinion is a strategic place, so how can the political works of important leaders of the other side be published? Therefore, some people say that it is precisely because "Superfluous Words" is begging for survival that Chiang Kai-shek agreed to publish it. From the 1930s to the 1970s, the CCP and left-wing cultural figures, including Qu Qiubai's relatives, mostly said it was a "forgery," or at least a "tampered with."
In fact, the theory of "forgery" or "falsification" is untenable. Li Mo'an (commander of The Tenth Division of Chiang Kai-shek's Army, and commander of the Longyan Appeasement District of the Minsui Bureau), Xiang Xianji (chief of staff of the Thirty-sixth Division), and Li Kechang (a reporter from fujian minbao) had all read the original manuscript or copy of "Excess Words." In 1964, Zhou Enlai confronted Mao Zedong and Lu Dingyi and said that he had seen the original handwriting of "Superfluous Words", which was indeed Qiu Bai's handwriting.
Ding Ling, Qu Qiubai's former student and close friend, is even more convinced that "Superfluous Words" was written by Qu Qiubai: "Those languages, that kind of mood, how familiar I am!" "Very sympathetic to him, very understanding of him, respect for his open heart." In that unsound society, his frankness and sincerity "are not easily understood by ordinary people, and will be used as a handle by some simple-minded, shallow people, and misunderstood or misinterpreted." Ding Ling's words were unfortunate.
"Superfluous Words" is a complex and profound and obscure work, which cannot be simply analyzed from a certain aspect; it should be comprehensively examined in connection with the author's life experience and the background of the times in which he is located.
In modern history, it is difficult to have another work that has an extremely contrasting implicit dualistic structure like "Superfluous Words", but these are exactly in line with Qu Qiubai's self-proclaimed "dualistic characters": one is Qu Qiubai as a weak scholar, and the other is Qu Qiubai as a loyal martyr, contradicting and conflicting, gluing and merging into a real dualistic Qu Qiubai.
For more than half a century, many people have not read it. But after the historical process has given future generations more lessons and wisdom, we finally understand.
Those who know me say that I am worried, and those who do not know say what I want.
Generous to the execution ground, autobiographical to the pen, frank in heaven and earth, worthy of the people, the hermit hero of the ancient times, it is difficult to reach the white flower of autumn, the style of the national soldier.
I sincerely recommend Qu Qiubai's hundred years of Strange Words, which has a unique style and profound meaning, and the more you read it, the more you taste it. Favorite friends click on the product card below to bring a copy of the detailed tasting.
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A hundred years of Strange Text Superfluous words
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Resources:
1. Bai Yuntao, ed., "Rare Stories of the History of the Communist Party of China", Sichuan People's Publishing House, December 2011.
2. Gao Weihua and Guo Huayong, "The Biography of Qu Qiubai", People's Publishing House, August 2014.
3. Cheng Zhongyuan and Xia Xingzhen, "Important Events in the History of the Party and the State", Social Science Literature Publishing House, August 2015.
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